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Telecommunications > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Know who started CATV and where and why

A
  • CATV was started by John and Margaret Walson, in Mahanoy City, Pennsylvania (in 1948).
  • It was started because the residents had problems receiving the 3 nearly Philadelphia network stations because of the mountains.
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2
Q

What does CATV stand for

A

-Community Antenna Television

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3
Q

Know the name of the company that started CATV and what this company did

A

-the Service Electric Company; The Walsons erected an antenna on a utility pole on one of the mountain tops that enabled the Walsons to demonstrated how TV’s worked.

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4
Q

Know who was the first to distribute Pay TV programming HBO

A

The Walsons

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5
Q

What did cable operators find out that CATV did that local broadcaster couldn’t

A

-They could carry more channels (12 at first) than the local broadcasters (6-8 in the ‘50s).

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6
Q

In 1972, what did the FCC allow CATV to do

A

-They could expand in the top 100 markets.

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7
Q

What did the FCC tell CATV operators they need to do

A

-They needed to provide at least one public/educational/government channel.

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8
Q

Know what the Must Carry Rules are

A

-Must Carry Rules: Mandated that cable companies carry various local and public television stations within a cable provider’s service area..60 miles..later changed to 50 mile radius.

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9
Q

Why was the Must Carry Rules established

A

-This was to ensure that local TV stations didn’t lose Market Share.

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10
Q

Know what the Communications Act of 1992 did for CATV

A

-Allowed cable systems to drop redundant carriage of signals where stations within this service are duplicated programming (amendment to must carry rule).

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11
Q

What is the only thing that the FCC regulates with CATV

A

-Basic rates for CATV

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12
Q

How does cable make money

A

-Monthly subscriptions for basic service, local ad sales, pay per view programming, internet and telephone provider.

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13
Q

Know when HBO started and where

A

New York City- 1972

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14
Q

When did HBO become a viable pay cable channel

A

1978

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15
Q

What was the first kids show on HBO

A

Fraggle Rock

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16
Q

Know when and where MTV started and they’re first slogan

A
  • Launched August 1st, 1981 in New York City.

- “I want my MTV” was first slogan.

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17
Q

When ESPN was launched

A

1979

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18
Q

When did ESPN begin 24 hour programming

A

-September 1, 1980

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19
Q

When did ABC purchase ESPN

A

1984

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20
Q

Know who was the first sports network to hire a woman anchor

A

ESPN

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21
Q

When did ESPN equal the subscribers of CNN

A

2007

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22
Q

Know all aspects of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

• First significant overhaul of US telecommunications law in more than 60 years • Signed by Clinton • First time Internet was included • Allowed for media cross ownership • The primary goal was to deregulate the broadcasting and telecommunications markets • This act forced local telephone companies to share their line with competitors at regulated rates

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23
Q

Know about Title 5 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996

A

• Title 5 of this act aimed to regulate Internet indecency and obscenity • Ruled unconstitutional by us Supreme Court for violating the 1st amendment.

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24
Q

When did cable move from coaxial cable to fiber optic

A

1992

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25
Q

What was the first cable tv show that received an Emmy Award

A

Mad Men won for outstanding drama

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26
Q

What is the annual number of text messages in US

A

2.27 trillion

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27
Q

Know order of the list of the largest TV subscribers

A

• Comcast is the largest, 23 millon subscribers

  • DirectTV: 19 million
  • Dish Network: 14.2 million
  • Timewarner: 13.5 million
  • Cox communications: 4.9 million
  • Netflix: 20 million and shrinking… Wade doesn’t know why Netflix, Hulu, etc aren’t catching on quicker… & neither do I
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28
Q

Know what Arthur C. Clarke did

A

-In 1945, (author of 2001, A Space Odyssey) he wrote articles that by placing 3 space platforms into special orbits 22,300 miles above the equator, worldwide communications could be received.

29
Q

Which country was the first to explore the theory of DBS

A

The Russians

30
Q

What was the worlds first satellite name and when was it lunched

A

Sputnik, October 4th, 1957

31
Q

What was the US’s first satellite and when it was launched

A

Explorer 1, January 1st, 1958

32
Q

What was the name of the first communications satellite and who developed it

A

-Syncom 11 was developed by a group of business and government agencies for the direct purpose of communications for the military.

33
Q

Know when the first satellite communication was and who it was between

A

Was on July 26, 1963 between a US Navy Ship in Nigeria and a US army naval station in New Jersey.

34
Q

What decade did the TV industry begin using satellite on a regular basis

A

Mid-1970s

35
Q

Know what Geosynchronous orbit is

A

To have a satellite hover over one spot on the equator.

36
Q

What did HBO do in 1975

A

Made history by initiating satellite delivery of programming to cable with the heavyweight boxing match known as “the Thriller from Manilla”-Joe Frazier vs. Muhammad Alli.

37
Q

Know who Taylor Howard is and what he did and why 1976 is important

A
  • He is a Stanford University Professor and Former NASA scientist; considered to be the “father of satellite TV.”
  • He created the 1st consumer Direct to Home (DTH) satellite system in his garage.
  • He wrote a $100 check to HBO for the movies he watched on his system..HBO returned his check..they only dealt with large companies.
  • He published a how-to manual on his system, which people copied—showed how to develop satellite TV.
38
Q

Know when Pat Robertson launched the first satellite delivered Christian Broadcast channel

A

1977

39
Q

When did PBS begin using satellites

A

1978

40
Q

Know the dates when the “Big Dish” sales soared

A

1981-1985

41
Q

How much were these big dish systems

A
  • Avg. cost of about $10,000.

- By 1985, fell to $3,000.

42
Q

What was the big draw to the big dish systems

A

Programming was free

43
Q

What did the Cable Act of 1984 do

A
  • It allowed cable systems to encrypt their satellite feeds… scrambling became the way to deliver TV programs.
  • Free dish satellite TV programming was outlawed.
44
Q

Know when Primestar started and who

A

-In the early 1990’s four large cable companies launched a DBS system called Primestar.

45
Q

Know when Directv started and who they bought

A

In 1994, Hughes Direct TV was launched, and later purchased Primestar.

46
Q

What advantage did the smaller dishes have over the larger ones

A

Greater picture and sound quality on a smaller dish

47
Q

What did Directv pioneer

A

the development of the 18” dish

48
Q

When was Dish Network formed

A

1996

49
Q

Know what SHVIA is and when it started

A
  • November 1999, Congress passed the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act.
  • It permits satellite TV companies to provide local TV stations signals to their subscribers in that stations market or DMA.
50
Q

What are the future plans for DBS

A
  • More music stations (home and car)
  • More internet and possible phone service
  • Satellite signals to car and GPS
  • Satellite signal to smartphones ( Dish launches $25.5 billion bid for Sprint)..
51
Q

When was the Internet built and for who

A

1960s it was built to be a military communication network

52
Q

Know what Arpanet is and why it was built

A

-The defense department which advanced research on projects agency (ARPA) begins research on distributed communication network (ARPANET)

53
Q

When was email invented and by who

A

1970, Ray Tomlinson

54
Q

Who picked the @ symbol to be used in emails

A

Ray Tomlinson

55
Q

When did IBM bring their PC to market

A

1981

56
Q

What did TIME magazine do in 1982

A

They named the computer the man of the year

57
Q

What happened in 1987 concerning email

A

email link was established between China & Germany

58
Q

What is Gopher

A

First search engine

59
Q

When was “Surfing the net” coined

A

1992

60
Q

When did the White House start public email…

A

1992

61
Q

What did Pizza Hut do in 1994

A

Made it possible to order pizza online

62
Q

What is Mosaic

A

-First graphic based web browser (software to navigate the web); was launched to get rid of gopher.

63
Q

Know when Netscape began and what their credited for

A
  • 1994

- Credited for developing secure sockets layer protocol (SSL) for securing online communications.

64
Q

When did Internet Explorer begin

A

1995

65
Q

How do search engines work

A

-Rely on people to review and catalogue webs sites, creating categories with hierarchical topic structures.

66
Q

When did Google start

A

1998

67
Q

How do search engines make money

A

-“sponsored links”; click=money

68
Q

Myths about search engines….

A
  • Impartial information tools
  • Search the entire web, pick most relevant results
  • Vary greatly, offer choice and competition…
69
Q

Know what Net Neutrality is

A
  • Every website regardless of who owns it is entitled to the same internet network speed and access.
  • Major telephone, cable companies don’t agree.
  • At &T, Verizon, Comcast and timer warner want to decide which sites go fast, slow, etc. based on payment.
  • Limit access to information, competition…

Telecommunications (1 decks)

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