FINAL EXAM Flashcards
(153 cards)
1
Q
Toxicity symptoms of Arsenic
A
Dermatitis RTI Muscle Aches- headaches, weakness, drowsy, confused Convulsions - neuropathy Increased skin, lung ; liver cancers
2
Q
What does Arsenic antagonise?
A
Sulfur & Selenium
Increased need for Vit E
3
Q
Common Name for Citrullus colocynthis?
A
Bitter Apple or Wild Gourd
4
Q
Colocynthis used for?
A
Spasmodic, cramping pain after “anger is swallowed”
5
Q
Who is the founding father of homeopathy?
A
Samuel Hahnemann
6
Q
What is Primary action?
A
The action of medicine on the body (medicine fixing the body, eventually body getting dependent on the substance)
7
Q
What is secondary action?
A
The organism’s response – working with the body/organism’s response , and providing treatment/remedies to work with the organism/vital force to aid the process of healing.
8
Q
What is meant by sensitivity?
A
how strong our reaction to a particular substance/stimulus is
Eg – size of dose, potency, frequency, strength of reaction
9
Q
What is meant by susceptibility?
A
The what. identifies the ‘factor’ to which we are reacting to
Eg – causations, genetics, predisposition of a person, certain medicines/treatments, modifying factors etc
10
Q
What is meant by the principle of minimum dose?
A
The goal of a homoeopath is to use least number of medicines, smallest amount and fewest repetitions necessary to restore health.
11
Q
What is client hypersensitivity?
A
Quick and rapid and heightened reactions produced to various stimuli.
12
Q
What is client hyposensitivity?
A
Slow and sluggish physical and mental reactions to various stimuli.
13
Q
What dose for hypersensitive Pt?
A
Low potencies, smaller doses and less repetition for clients with high sensitivity.
14
Q
What dose for hyposensitive PT?
A
High potencies, large doses and frequent repetitions for clients with low sensitivity.
15
Q
Egs of homeopathic aggravations?
A
A primary action with temporary increase in similar symptoms
OR – A hypersensitive patient who will require lower potencies.
16
Q
Principle of single medicines?
A
Principle to prescribe single remedy prescription, also called classical homoeopathy.
17
Q
What is complex prescribing and when/how is it used?
A
involves use of more than one remedies.
· Usually used in low potencies – formulas and complexes
· Disease based
· Combine homoeopathy with nutritional or herbal formulas.
18
Q
What is hormesis phenomenon?
A
Dose: potency relationship is biphasic – low doses stimulate and high doses inhibit/aggravate/toxic.
19
Q
What is A) Low potency scales B) Low to moderate pot. scales C) High Potencies ??
A
Low = 3C, 6C, 12C
Low to Moderate = 30C, 200C
High = above 200C
20
Q
Therapeutic Guidelines for Acute prescribing?
A
· Acute remedies are usually prescribed for acute problems or acute exacerbations of chronic problems.
· Acute conditions require frequent repetitions, and frequency of these repetitions needs to be judged based on the intensity of signs and symptoms.
· Higher potencies are prescribed in high intensity of signs and symptoms.
21
Q
Constitutional medicine
A
Mental and physical attributes of a patient in an healthy state.
22
Q
Fundamental prescribing?
A
mental and physical symptoms experienced by a patient during an illness
23
Q
Lesional prescribing?
A
symptoms and characteristics of disease
24
Q
Organopathy prescribing?
A
prescribing is based on organ similarity rather than symptom similarity. Used for supporting a specific organ
25
Aetiological prescribing?
prescribing based on the aetiology/causation of the disease rather than on the presenting symptoms
26
Isopathy
Medicine made from same disease causing agent
27
Tautopathy
potentized medicine from a drug/toxin. Eg – side effects of a particular pharmaceutical drug or toxin effects etc
28
What does Aphorism 153 mean?
Individualised medicine.
Striking, characteristic, odd, unusual signs/symptoms should be kept in view and matched with a similar medicine exhibiting similar signs/symptoms to be prescribed to that individual. Whereas, common signs/symptoms of a disease deserve less attention unless really characteristic/important.
29
What does PQRS mean?
Peculiar, queer, rare, striking/strange. These are important in homoeopathic prescribing
30
What are LSMC symptoms?
Location, sensation, modality and concomitant (accompanying features) LSMC together makes a complete symptom
31
What is Kent's hierarchy of symptoms?
o PQRS symptoms – highly characteristic symptoms help choose a characteristic similar remedy
o Mental Emotional – symptoms related to intellect, emotions and the mind
o Physical general – characteristic physical symptoms not specific to any organ or body system eg – sleep, thermals etc
o Physical particular – affecting a particular location or a tissue type eg – ear, head, mouth etc
o Common – common symptoms, uncharacteristic
32
What is Hering's Principle?
One of the guiding principles of homeopathy which delineates patterns in the change of symptoms that indicate a curative process is occurring. The four patterns of cure are: symptoms moving from the top of the body downward, symptoms moving from inner or central parts of the body outward or toward the peripheral parts, symptoms shifting from essential parts or organs to less essential, and symptoms appearing in reverse chronological order.
33
What is genus epidemics & how is treated?
The group of symptoms which characterizes an epidemic. This ‘symptom complex’ is then used to select a particular homeopathic remedy which can be used both curatively and prophylactically during the epidemic.
34
Disease classifications
- Acute disease
- Chronic disease
- Non-communicable disease
- Classification based on epidemiology
35
Classifications of chronic disease?
- Miasmatic – further exploration on whether single or multiple miasm involvement
- Non-miasmatic – diet, lifestyle issues where advise/referral is important to remove the maintaining cause
36
Who is Wilhelm Schuessler?
first invented 12 inorganic mineral salts (tissue salts) and used them for homoeopathic as well as nutritional therapy.
37
Who is Maurice Blackmore?
an Australian naturopath further developed these mineral salts into more material doses and produced range of celloids.
38
What is similar aggravation?
This is an aggravation of existing symptoms produced by the remedy – indicative of correct remedy but wrong potency
39
What is dissimilar aggravation?
This is an aggravation produces with appearance of new symptoms. It is not a natural course of the disease but clearly produced by the remedy – indicative of wrong remedy.
40
Define Chronic disease?
Applies to illnesses with long lasting and persistent effects.
41
What is a Miasm?
Hahnemann described the causative agent of a disease as a ‘Miasm’
an underlying pattern of energy. These patterns of energy are similar in nature to specific diseases.
42
Categories of true chronic diseases caused by Miasms?
- Veneral – Causative factors for syphilis and sycosis diseases.
- Non-Veneral – Single deep seated chronic disease process called as ‘Psora’ miasm
43
Groups of homeopathic medicines?
- System approach
- Symptom approach
- Relationship to other remedies
- Kingdom of Nature
- Disease products – Nosodes
- Physiological relationships – sphere of action – inimical (similar), antidotes, follows well etc
- Periodic Table – mineral grouping
- Cations and Anions and common element grouping
- Themes
44
What makes up a successful similium?
Good selection of a medicine, its potency, dosage, and repetition are all part of a successful simillimum
45
What are homeopathic reactions?
the “cured” provers who have received the simillimum medicine. They do not exhibit any new symptoms. They will lose existing symptoms.
46
What are antipathic reactions?
Amelioration of symptoms followed by an aggravation of the provers’ symptoms, which may need to be antidoted.
47
What are allopathic reactions?
most common type of reaction.
48
What is potentisation?
is the process, by which a substance is serially diluted and succussed in order to “develop.. (the) medicinal power” of the substance and render it safe and effective for medicinal use in humans.
49
What is a mother tincture?
raw extract derived from plant based medicines in an alcohol base, before any potentisation has taken place.
50
What is the X scale ratio?
1:9
51
What is the C scale ratio?
1:99
52
What is the Q scale ratio?
1:50,000
53
What is succussion?
term given to “striking” the bottle “against a hard but elastic” surface, following each dilution
54
Difference between CH & CK?
```
CH = hahnemann method - new bottle is used with each dilution
CK = Korsakoff method - same bottle is used by tipping out the contents
```
55
When to select low potency?
- Gradual onset of disease
- Slow pace of disease
- Structural pathology
- Chronic aetiology
- Few characteristic symptoms
- Distant simile or low confidence in RX
- History of suppression
- Addiction
- Low vitality
- Elderly, sluggish people
56
When to select high potency?
- Rapid onset of disease
- Rapid pace of disease
- Functional pathology
- Acute aetiology
- Many characteristic symptoms
- Simillium or high confidence
- Absence of suppression
- Non-addiction
- Strong vitality
- Children, vigorous people
57
What situations is repetition of dose more commonly required?
```
Where improvement is more gradual
When obstacles to recovery exist
In Acute disease
Excessive symptoms
When rapid results are needed
Chronic structural pathology
```
58
When to use more succussions?
More succussions = more dynamisation, more change.
| Used for hyposensitives or those with high vitality (eg 12 succussions).
59
When to use less succussions?
Less succussions = Less dyanmisation, less change.
| Used for hypersensitive and those with low vitality (eg. 2 succussions)
60
Define endemic disease?
Diseases where the infectious agent is present in the population of a given geographical area constantly
61
What is sporadic diseases?
Diseases that occur infrequently or irregularly
62
What are Epidemic diseases?
Those diseases that are suddenly prevalant in large numbers in the population of a given area
63
What is a pandemic?
Those epidemic diseases that have spread countries or continents
64
Define chronic diseases?
Applies to a group of diseases that are long lasting and have persistent effects.
65
What symptoms are essential in synopsis for acute prescription?
Location, sensation, modality, concomitant and causation symptoms
66
What is a proving?
An experiment undertaken by a group of healthy individuals to test the medicinal effects of a particular substance. Symptoms produced are recorded, collated and organized into a comprehensive description of the action of the remedy. Provings can also happen during the therapeutic process if the homeopath has not properly taken into account the healing path of the vital force, and repeats an incorrect remedy too often. Proving symptoms usually disappear of their own accord with a little time.
67
What is a repertory?
One of the chief tools of the professional homeopath. It is an exhaustive list of symptoms, each of which is followed by a list of remedies that have either produced the symptom during a proving or cured it clinically.
68
What is a rubric?
A symptom in the repertory. Under this symptom may be listed any number of remedies which have produced and/or cured this symptoms.
69
Define Simillimum?
Homeopathic remedy that perfectly matches the state of an individual for whom it is prescribed. This one remedy will heal in a profound and long lasting way.
70
What is trituration?
A method for beginning to prepare a homeopathic remedy. The crude substance is mixed with milk sugar and ground together in a mortar and pestle for 20 minutes.
71
What is maceration?
The process of a softening a substance with the intension of breaking it up, by using a liquid.
72
What is percolation?
Is the process where the macerated liquid is left to “settle” with the result “the fibrinous and albuminous matters” will be deposited and the “clear superincumbent fluid” can now “be decanted off for medicinal use”
73
What is a pharmacopeia?
A book containing an official list of medicinal drugs together with articles on their preparation and use
74
What is needed on a label?
```
Patient Name
Date of prescription
Name & potency of medicine
Dosage instructions
Practioner name & contact details
Expiry 5 years after prescription
```
75
General instructions with homeopathic remedies?
- Do not eat anything 15 mins before or after
- Avoid Caffeine 1 hour before or after
- Tablets/pillules to be sucked or lightly chewed until full dissolution
76
How long do remedies last?
At least 18-20 years if protected from heat & light
77
What is a simplex?
term used for single homeopathic medicines
78
What is a complex?
term used to denote medicines which contain 2 or more homeopathic medicines in one bottle
79
What are NCDs?
Non-communicable diseases. of long duration & slow progression
- CVD
- Cancers
- Chronic respiratory diseases
- Diabetes
80
Which tissue salt did Blackmore remove and why?
Nat-mur (sodium chloride) - found it to be in excess in modern diets.
81
When to use nosodes?
- When its the indicated medicine
- When indicated medicine fails
- When patient relapses
- When acute disease fails to resolve
- When symptom picture of patient is secondary to miasmatic picture
- "Never been well since"
82
Disposition of healthy patients needing an Animal kingdom medicine?
Affectionate, caring, playful, mischievous, alert, quick, animated, restless, curious, malicious, communicative
83
Causation of disease in animal kingdom?
Due to being looked down upon; rejection; failure in competition ; neglect.
84
Key themes of the animal kingdom?
Competition, survival, comparison, superiority, inferiority. hierarchy.
85
Disposition of healthy patients needing a mineral kingdom medicine?
Systematic, calculative, organised, fastidious. They need structure
86
Causation of disease in mineral kingdom?
break of structure or relationship, failure in performance, failure in power/responsibility
87
Disposition of healthy patients needing a plant kingdom medicine?
soft, sensitive, emotional, sentimental, disorganised, influenced easily, adoptable and irritable.
88
Causation of disease in plant kingdom?
emotional or physical hurt or shock.
89
Key themes in plant kingdom?
Sensitivity, reactivity, emotional/sentimental, disorganised.
90
Key themes in mineral kingdom?
Structure, role, relationship, performance
91
What are two of the most valuable symptoms when looking for the simillimum?
1. Delusions
| 2. Never Been well since
92
Examples of Iatrogenic causes in obstacles to cure?
Supplementation side effects
Excessive exercise
Scar tissue formation post surgery
Adherence to a strict 'incomplete' diet
93
Indications of the presence of a miasm?
When an indicated medicine fails; the patient relapses; an acute fails to resolve.
94
How to treat a Miasm?
use of nosodes
| Use of traditional homeopathic medicine corresponding to the dominant Miasm.
95
What does ESSENCE stand for?
```
Education
Stress management
Spirituality
Exercise
Nutrition
Connectedness
Environment
```
96
First Aid Injury Therapeutics?
```
Apis mellifica
Arnica montana
Bellis perennis
Symphytum officinale
Hypericum perforatum
Calendula officinalis
Rhus toxicodendron
Ledum palustre
Ruta graveolens
Bryonia alba
```
97
Paediatric & First aid therapeutics?
```
Chamomilla
Belladonna
Pulsatilla
Nux vomica
Ipecac
```
98
Febrile State therapeutics?
```
Aconitum napellus
Belladonna
Ferrum phosphoric
Gelsemium
China officinalis
Baptisia tinctoria
Bryonia alba
Hepar sulphurs
```
99
Respiratory acute therapeutics?
```
Spongia toasta
Arsenicum album
Byronia alba
Phosphorus
Drosera rotundifolia
Silica
Antimonium tartaricum
Dulcamara
```
100
Emotional trauma state therapeutics?
```
Ignatia amara
Aconitum napellus
Gelsemium
Natrium muriaticum
Phosphoricum acidum
Staphisagria
```
101
GIT acute therapeutics?
```
Arsenicum album
Colocynthis
Ipecacuanha
Tabacum
Podophyllum Peltatum
Aloe socotrina
Croton tiglium
Coffea cruda
Alumina
Veratrum album
Cocculus
```
102
Schuessler tissue salts?
```
Calc Fluor (calcium fluoride)
Calc Phos
Calc Sulph
Ferr Phos (Iron phosphate)
Mag Phos (Magnesium phosphate)
Silica
Kali Mur (Potassium chloride)
Kali Phos
Kali Sulph
Nat Mur (Sodium chloride)
Nat Phos
Nat Sulph
```
103
Major indications for Apis mellifica?
```
Stings
Burning pain
Sudden & Rapid swelling
Anaphylactic shock
Histamine allergic reactions
```
104
Major indications for Arnica Montana?
Sore bruised pain
Soft tissue trauma
Bruising
Injury from blunt instrument
105
Major indications for Bellis perrenis?
```
Injury to deep tissue after surgery
Sprain
Bruise
Bone fracture
Deep trauma
```
106
Major indications for Symphytum?
Injuries of bones & eyes
Fractures (improves reunion of bones)
Allergic skin reactions
107
Major indications for Hypericum?
```
Injuries to nerves & spine
Shooting pain
Injury to areas rich in nerves
Phantom pain
Splinter
```
108
Major indications for Calendula?
Lacerated wounds
| Violent pain out of proportion of the injury
109
Major indications for Rhus tox?
Rheumatic complaints
Skin - itchy, inflamed, burning, swelling.
Sprains & strains of joints agg from cold
hives & allergic reactions amel from heat
Musculoskeletal injuries
110
Major indications for Ledum palustre?
```
Rheumatic complaints
Puncture wounds
Stings & bites
Gout
Amel cold
Agg heat
```
111
Major indications for Ruta graveolens?
Arthritis
Rheumatic pains
Musculoskeletal injury
Sprains, strains - tendons, insertions & periosteum
112
Difference between rhus tox & ruta?
Both are indicated in sprains, strains & injuries of the joints, Rhus is more for muscular injury whereas Ruta is for deeper structures such as tendons & periosteum.
113
Major indications for Bryonia alba ?
Headache starting over left eye
Pneumonia, bronchitis
Dysmennorhea
Whooping cough
114
Paediatric indications for chamomilla?
```
Teething
Cramps
Colic
Tempers in children
Otitis media
```
115
Paediatric indications for Belladonna?
```
Great intensity of symptoms
Congestion
Pulsating pain
High BP
Otitis - throbbing ear
Sudden onset, violent attack & high fever
```
116
Paediatric indications for Pulsatilla?
```
Sooky, weepy & love getting attention
Separation anxiety
Wandering pains
Blushes easily
Hayfever
Conjunctivitis
```
117
Paediatric indications for Nux vom?
Constipation/diarrhoea
Colicky babies
Bossy children
Hayfever/allergies
118
Paediatric indications for Ipecacuanha?
Nausea & vomiting
Coughing to point of vomiting
Bronchitis/asthma
Headaches with nausea
119
What can produce an Aconite state?
Severe stress or sudden fright or cold, dry winds.
| Fevers & fright
120
First aid indications for Belladonna?
High fevers
Delusions & hallucinations
Intensity & vividness
121
When is the best time to give Ferrum Phos (Iron phosphate)?
In early stages of acute infection or febrile situation
| First 24hrs of sickness
122
Indications for Gelsemium?
```
Fear of exams, stage fright.
EBV/Flu
Cowardly
Weakness of NS
Heat alternating with chills
```
123
Indications for China off.
Weakness caused by blood loss, diarrhoea, profuse sweat & lactation - fluid loss
124
Indications for Baptisia?
Inflammation with rapid septic conditions
Offensive mouth & stool
Gagging on solid foods
125
Febrile indications for Bryonia
fever - wanting to be left alone to recover/not wanting to move
126
Indications for Hepar sulphuris?
Hypersensitive to pain
Abusive, intolerant of suffering
Stitching pain - like needles or glass
127
Resp indications for Spongia tosta?
```
Dry & barking cough
Whooping cough
Croup
Pneumonia/laryngitis
Lost voice
Thyroid issues/goitre
```
128
Resp indications for Drosera rotundifolia
Violent & rapid whooping cough
Can hardly breath
Cough up phlegm
Agg early AM
129
Resp indications for Arsenicum alba
Cough due to Allergy, cold air or laying down
Asthma due to dust or cold
Smokers cough
130
Resp indications for Bryonia
Dryness of MM
Severely painful cough that hurts head or chest
Taking breath is painful
131
Resp indications for phosphorous
Tickling sensation in larynx causing cough
Deep hoarse cough
Night cough
132
Resp indications for Silica?
Reoccurring colds, bronchitis, allergies, sinusitis in Children
Dry cough
Lumpy yellow or green phlegm
133
Resp indications for Antimonium?
Accumulation of mucus in bronchi.
Too weak to cough up phlegm
White coating on tongue
Whooping cough
134
Resp indications for Dulcamara?
Colds & cough bought on by change of weather esp from hot to cold
135
Emotional Indications for Ignatia?
Acute strong grief
Old grief exp as fresh
Strong feelings bottled up
Sensation of lump in throat
136
Emotional Indications for Aconite?
Sudden fright eg. car accident
Adrenaline rush/shock
URTI after fright
137
Emotional Indications for Natrium muriaticum?
Grief - may hold it in but when let it out a flood of grief
| Postviral exhaustion, hair falling out
138
Emotional Indications for Staphysagria?
```
Suppressed dark emotions
Bullied
Resentment
Anger
Depression
```
139
Emotional Indications for Phosphoric acid?
Emotional exhaustion
No emotions
Ailments from grief
140
GIT Indications for Arsenicum album?
Burning pains - gastro, ulcers, heartburn, vomiting
| Food poisoning
141
GIT Indications for colocynths?
Violent, neuralgic cramping
Colic better for coffee
N&V with intense pain
142
GIT Indications for Ipecacuanha?
Cough causing N&V
Clean tongue
Horrid, sick, queasy feeling in stomach
143
GIT Indications for Tabacum?
Seasickness
Deathly nausea with or without vomiting
Violent vomiting with cold sweat
Amel open air on abdomen
144
GIT Indications for Podophylum?
Diarrhoea worse for AM
Rectal prolapse
Alternating D/C with gas, explosive
Children with diarrhoea esp in teething
145
What part of GIT does Aloe socotrina act on?
End of large intestine
Engorgement of liver
Rectal & intestinal fullness
146
GIT Indications for Croton tigilium?
Explosive diarrhoea
Sudden gush of yellow watery stool immediately after eating
Violent vomiting and rumbling of stomach
147
Indications for coffea cruda?
Ailments from sudden joy/excitement
| Unendurable colic - intestines feel cut to pieces
148
GIT Indications for Alumina?
Severe Constipation without urging
| Unable to move bowel - inactivity of rectum
149
GIT Indications for veratrum album?
Abundant diarrhoea
Profuse/projectile vomiting
Cold sensation in stomach
150
GIT Indications for Cocculus indicus?
Seasickness & motion sickness
Dizzy, giddy, unwell
Anxiety for health of others
151
What is similia similibus curantur?
Likes are cured by likes
152
What is similia similibus curentur?
Let likes be cured by likes
153
What is contraria contrartiis curentur?
Curing by opposites
