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Magic, Witchcraft, Religion > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

universal energy, divine power, a term used as substitute for god

A

alheimsorka

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2
Q

spirit work, informal term used to describe Icelandic practices involving spirits

A

andleg mál

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3
Q

restless spirit or ghost

A

draugur

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4
Q

What role does the earth play for the healers discussed in Demsey’s book?

A

The earth provides energy (either in urban area or draws energy from lush landscape) and a healer can conduct that energy flow to do their work

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5
Q

What methods did Dempsey use to collect her data?

A

Interviews, participant-obsevration, pop culture analysis (newspaper, radio)

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6
Q

What is the purpose of Bridges between Worlds?

A

To explore how andleg mal spans history, worldviews, cultures, and landmasses and to allow the reader to stand in shoes of participants

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7
Q

Briefly discuss the different religions that historically have been represented in Iceland.

A

Norse: appeared in mid to late 800s w/norse settlers (colonial religion)
Christianity: king of norway Olafur (o with accent) tryggvason in 995 proclaimed Iceland had to convert, that failed so he sent envoy to threaten population (999) Icelanders decided to convert but secretly maintained old religion
Lutheranism: Denmark came and wanted people to stop practicing Catholicism, introduced lutheranism during colonial missions

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8
Q

What are three vocalities for the symbol of the Virgin Mary?

A

rite of passage- first fish caught has her name in word, acts as a guard in cemeteries, also appears in word for cloud formations-nature

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9
Q

Provide two examples of spirits other than the draugur.

A

vofa- spirit of deceased, flygja- ghost associated w/individual and usually precedes their appearance

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10
Q

What are two tracks emphasized by andleg mál today?

A

trance practices where midill lends body to spirits and physical healing w/help from spirits

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11
Q

What is the andleg mál view of god and the afterlife?

A

God is portrayed as pure love and life. We judge ourselves after death and eternal damnation doesn’t exist (people have to face themselves in full honestly), reincarnation to learn how to do that (compared to school)

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12
Q

What are two of the andleg mál seven principles?

A

divine eternal parenthood, interconnectedness of of all creation

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13
Q

What is the Pentecostal view of andleg mál practices?

A

It’s viewed as something that can be understood but Pentecostals view it as coming from the devil, if the bible were to accept it god is in it and it gives you peace they would see it as coming from the holy spirit otherwise it’s spiritualism

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14
Q

How are andleg mál practitioners similar to shaman?

A

They mediate between dead and living and can call on power to heal people, also can have call to faith and leave bodies

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15
Q

Discuss the phases of a rite of passage with examples of each phase using the trance session in chapter 4.

A

Separation: special session room w/virgin mary and midill within, holding hands to create circle
Transition: spirit possession of Halldor (accented o), danger= too many traces can physically hurt midill
Reincorporation: blessing and use of children’s prayer to close connection

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16
Q

Who makes a transition to the afterlife smoothly and who doesn’t?

A

People who die natural deaths

Those who can’t let go have harder time (have to deal w/shock + negative emotions)

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17
Q

Briefly discuss the relationship between Catholic saints and andleg mál.

A

Church teaching= heavenly saints are a conduit for god’s power and intercedes for people, andleg mal= pray to god and enlist spirits to help channel divine energy

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18
Q

What is the connection between Native American traditions and andleg mál practices and the author?

A

the ability to link earth and spirits, she’s protected by a spirit named gray wolf, brought back ideas during emmigration, arguing this is global

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19
Q

What does the road away from home is also the road back home mean for andleg mál participants?

A

could mean the destination we go to upon dying and could instill hope for warm homecoming in the afterlife

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20
Q

What is the purpose of Cooper’s article?

A

To analyze field data to build a framework for understanding the pathways to ADF, he wants to use conversion to understand why people move to ADF

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21
Q

What three factors make up pathways to ADF?

A

Religious deprivation, identity, and legitimacy

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22
Q

What methods did Cooper use in his research?

A

Participant-observation in three religious rituals, 230 interviews of 70 adherents, gathered data from websites, and used content analysis

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23
Q

From where is most information on Druids, the priestly class of the celts of dawn?

A

Came from greek and roman archeological and written sources

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24
Q

Where did druids worship their gods?

A

Natural environments possibly uninhabited groups of trees

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25
Q

For the celts, where did the soul go after death?

A

The soul would pass to other bodies, the soul was immortal and part of deity

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26
Q

How does Cooper define contemporary Druidry?

A

It’s a reconstructionist religion that uses history, archaeology, and the way people lived with their belief systems and migrations. It venerates nature and is polytheistic.

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27
Q

Where did North American druidry begin?

A

Began in Minnesota at Carleton College

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28
Q

What are two of the seven generalizations regarding reasons for involvement in new religious moments according to Dawson?

A

Recruitment occurs to greater degree through social networks, recruits invited to join through affective ties

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29
Q

Briefly discuss ADF adherents’ disillusionment with western Christianity.

A

Christian era is one of destruction and futility, oppressive force that subordinates women and disregards environment, emphasis on reason at expense of imagination

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30
Q

How does this quote, “We’re creating a non-sexist, non-racist, organic, flexible, and publicly available religion to practice as a way of life and to hand on to future generations,” relate to Geertz’s argument?

A

It talks about creating and perpetuating a system of beliefs that will model the non-sexist, non-racist, organic, flexible society they hope to create reflecting attempt to change issues w/current society

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31
Q

the deceased

A

difunto

32
Q

collection of objects placed on the altar during dia de los muertos

A

ofrenda

33
Q

ceremonial blade, generally has a black handle

A

athame

34
Q

an’ ye harm done, do what ye will

A

wiccan rede

35
Q

a coven meeting at a time other that one of the Sabbats

A

esbat

36
Q

a ceremony to honor older women

A

croning

37
Q

What is the relationship of the church to day of the dead?

A

The church tries to refocus Day of the Dead on christ and the saints. It’s somewhat antagonistic and the church uses masses and feast to encourage people to come to the church rather than celebrate the holiday. It’s also tense because the church believes that spirits will only return to the earth during the rapture.

38
Q

Wicca rejects diabolism and belief in the devil. Why?

A

Wicca predates Christianity and as such doesn’t have a devil. It also is against doing evil.

39
Q

Discuss the elementals who are the invisible spirits of the elements in Wicca.

A

The elementals are mythic figures that represent the energy of the universe
Fire: associated with salamanders, passion, candles, and south. Earth: associated with gnomes, physical material, salt, and north. Air: slyphs, intellect, incense, and east. Water: water, west, ondives, and emotions

40
Q

What is the threefold law?

A

Whatever you put out into the world will return to you three-fold

41
Q

Briefly discuss the Minoan Sisterhood’s Yule celebration of the great rite.

A

The great rite is a joining of opposites to create energy. It celebrates the rebirth of the sun/son and is a celebration that brings joy. In the ceremony the athame is plunged into a glass of wine to symbolize the joining of the energies and cakes are dipped in. Then members of the coven share both.

42
Q

Provide an example for how Mary Ann’s perspective on religious/spiritual things can be viewed as syncretic?

A

Mary Ann ties Catholic practices like purification using holy water with beliefs that come from spiritualism/Hinduism like the third-eye.

43
Q

Provide two examples of the “rite of separation” in Mary Ann’s curse removal ceremony.

A

Creates a white-light barrier around participants and marks a person on their pulse points and third-eye for purification

44
Q

How would you explain Mary Ann’s special abilities for her followers?

A

I would explain it as a psychological thing, she provides an explanation for the unknown and gives them a scapegoat in the form of spirits.

45
Q

Discuss Mary Ann’s white light as a multivocal symbol. Provide two vocalities

A

The white light is a healing force and also symbolizes a gateway from our world to the next.

46
Q

Briefly discuss two ways Mary Ann can be considered a shaman.

A

She mediates between spirits and the living and can heal people using the white light.

47
Q

form of government where religious and political leaders are the same

A

theocracy

48
Q

religious school in djenne

A

madrasah

49
Q

teacher of qur’an

A

marabout

50
Q

students studying traditional Islamic learning at Qur’anic schools

A

talibé

51
Q

jar used to hold water used to wash off writing boards

A

nesi-kusu

52
Q

method of divination based on Arabic geometry

A

Turaabu

53
Q

an amulet

A

gris-gris

54
Q

ritualized self-flagellation of one’s body in grief

A

latmiya

55
Q

What blessing should follow after someone speaks Muhammed’s name?

A

May God bless him and give him peace

56
Q

What is the distinction between Islam and Maraboutage according to Boubakar?

A

Islam is something that can be learned through the Qur’an and Arabic texts while Maraboutage is the esoteric knowledge that can only be learned on site.

57
Q

What are two kinds of marabouts according to Boubakar?

A

Sirri and bayaanu. The sirri are marabouts that focus on divination and amulet making; mainly practice at night and strive to achieve personal and worldly goals. Bayaanu are marabouts who teach at Qur’anic schools and whose practices are focused on the Qur’an and the six articles of faith

58
Q

What are the five pillars of Islam?

A

Declaration of faith in God and Muhammed as his prophet, practicing ritual prayer five times daily, giving alms tax to benefit the poor, fasting during the month Ramadan, if able doing a pilgrimage to Mecca

59
Q

Briefly discuss the two kinds of spirits.

A

Djinn- lower spirits, more similar to humans and can be mischievous
Malaika- higher spirits, angels

60
Q

What is the purpose of alhidijaba amulet?

A

To protect one’s life or property from evil

61
Q

What is an example of bad work in Islam in Djenne?

A

Fabricating wealth through the use of sirri knowledge

62
Q

What is the purpose of Spellman-Poot’s article?

A

To show how young British Shi’as are reorienting and transforming traditional practices like Ashura to fit in modern British society while maintaining their core values/practices

63
Q

What are two functions of the Ashura ritual in contemporary British society?

A

Allows people to mark the martyrdom of Hussein and it allows people to speak out and call attention to injustice

64
Q

Discuss Rastafari and connection to course.

A

Use of ganja in Rastafari allows people to reach an altered state much like peyote and whirling, opening people to the supernatural

65
Q

See all definitions for exam one

A

check that deck

66
Q

What are two functions of religion through a psychological perspective?

A

Religion eases anxiety and stress caused by the fear of the unknown and it provides scapegoats that one can use to explain the mysterious

67
Q

What is Mary-Lee Daugherty’s major argument for why members of small independent holiness churches in west virginia handle snakes?

A

Members of these churches handle snakes as the ultimate act of faith and it provides power over their environment, acts as a way to exert control over nature giving them power over their lives

68
Q

What are two different distinctions that McCarthy Brown makes between rural and urban voodoo?

A

Rural: family-oriented with “man of the house” acting as priest, on ancestral land
Urban: fictive kin relationships for priestess/priest, focuses more on major spirits over ancestors

69
Q

What two reasons does Metcalf provide to explain why American mortuary practices shock the Berawan?

A

We trap souls in an in-between state by preserving the corpse, leads to potential for reanimation so it’s like we have an army of zombies

70
Q

What are two distinct differences between fictional and folkloric vampires?

A

Fictional: pale, thin, usually need to be bitten
Folkloric: ruddy, robust, don’t need to be bitten because vampirism is usually due to a something that defies social norms (alcoholism, cleft lip, etc)

71
Q

How is primogeniture important for Huichol society?

A

It determines who takes over the rancho and rancheria, moves responsibility to the oldest son who becomes responsible for maintaining ancestors and traditions

72
Q

Who is Tauaupa?

A

Father sun, punishing and warning figure since he sends pestilence, also the one who established 5 brazil trees that hold up four corners and center of world

73
Q

Provide two vocalities of corn.

A

represents livelihood and myths surrounding it like the maize wife warn those tending it to respect the land, also represents mothers of society (goddesses) and connection to earth

74
Q

Provide two examples of the rite of transition in the peyote ritual.

A

peyoteros become ancestor deities and travel to wirikuta, danger of fire going out or animals like scorpions

75
Q

Provide two examples of the mara’akame as a liminal figure.

A

acts as bridge between huichol and gods, also in danger due to his position between worlds, could become a sorcerer of he fails any point of his journey

76
Q

Extra Credit:
Gingerbread
Candy canes
Poinsettias

A

g: symbolically oven is place of rebirth, from 15th century, ingredients coming from slave trade
cc: peppermint comes on scene in 1670s, made in shepard crook to remind people of jesus, white= purity, red=blood
p: comes from mexico, cultivated by aztecs, mexican legend

77
Q

Thanksgiving

A

creation myth of founding of US, Squanto and role in helping pilgrims stay alive, William Bradford writes about meal and turkey+tradition (20 years after event), Sarah Hale creates first Thanksgiving meal 1863,

Magic, Witchcraft, Religion (6 decks)

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