Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

EKG > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the criteria for RAE?

A

P wave amplitude > 2.5 in lead II
OR
Biphasic P wave in V1 with initial portion > terminal portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the criteria for LAE?

A

P wave duration > 0.10s in lead II
OR
Terminal portion of the P wave in V1 is negative and can fit 1 small box

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the criteria for RVH?

A

RAD
R wave > S wave in V1/2
S wave > R wave in V5/6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the criteria for LVH?

A

S wave in V1/2 + R wave in V5/6 > 35 mm
R wave in aVL > 11
R wave in lead I + S wave in lead III > 25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Does the R or L bundle branch divide into separate fascicles?

A

LBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of RBBB?

A

QRS > 0.12s and M shaped RR’ in V1/2
OR
Wide S wave in Leads I and V5/6
The ST-T waves normally appear in the opposite direction of the terminal portion of the QRS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of LBBB?

A

QRS > 0.12s and Wide R wave in Leads I and V5/6

Deep S wave in Leads V1-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of Left Anterior Fascicle (LAFB) or Left Anterior Hemiblock (LAHB)?

A

Normal QRS duration
Strong LAD
Tall R waves in Lead I
Deep S waves in Lead III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of Left Posterior Fascicle (LPFB) or Left Posterior Hemiblock (LPHB)?

A

Normal QRS duration
Strong RAD
Tall R waves in Lead III
Deep S waves in lead I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW): Bundle of Kent?

A

PR interval < 0.12s
Wide QRS complexes
Delta wave seen in some leads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL): James fibers?

A

PR interval < 0.12s
Normal QRS complexes
Absence of Delta wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the normal amplitude and duration of P waves?

A
  1. 06s-0.10s

0. 5-2.5mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the normal duration of QRS complexes?

A

0.06-0.12s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the normal amplitude and duration of q waves?

A

Amplitude is <25% of the R wave

< 0.04s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

____ is due to lack of O2 to myocardium

Reversible; no permanent damage.

A

Ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of ischemia?

A

T wave inversion (due to delayed repolarization)
Symmetrical, peaked T waves
ST segment depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

____ is due to more prolonged ischemia

Onset of cellular damage, but without necrosis.

A

Injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of injury?

A

ST elevation in leads facing injury (due to incomplete depolarization)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

____ causes death of injured myocardial cells, is

irreversible, and release of enzymes into circulation?

A

Infarct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What enzymes does infarct release into circulation?

A

Troponin
Ck-MB
Myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is seen on EKG in the presence of infarct?

A

Enlarging or new Q waves

  • 0.04s duration
  • At least 1/3 the height of R wave in same QRS complex AND
  • Present in 2 or more contiguous leads
22
Q

Depolarization normally proceeds in what direction?The conduction system is within what tissue?

A

Endocardial to epicardial

Subendocardial tissue

23
Q

Repolarization normally proceeds in what direction? The conduction system is within what tissue?

A

Epicardial to endocardial

Epicardial surface

24
Q

How does transmural ischemia affect repolarization?

A

Repolarization takes longer and reverses direction (becomes endocardial to epicardial)

25
How does the abnormal repolarization caused by transmural ischemia appear on EKG?
T wave inversions in leads overlying ischemic regions | Symmetrical T waves
26
When is ST segment depression considered significant?
> 1 mm below baseline measured 0.04s to right of J point, in 2 or more contiguous leads
27
When is ST elevation considered significant?
> 1 mm above baseline measured 0.04s to right of J point, in 2 or more contiguous leads
28
How does pericarditis appear on EKG?
Diffuse ST segment elevation
29
Which leads view the anterior portion of the heart?
Leads V2-V4
30
Which leads view the inferior portion of the heart?
Leads II, III, aVF
31
Which leads view the lateral portion of the heart?
Leads I, aVL, V5, V6
32
What is seen on EKG in the presence of an anterior MI?
ST segment elevation T wave inversion Pathologic Q waves in V1-V4
33
What is seen on EKG in the presence of a lateral MI?
ST segment elevation T wave inversion Pathologic Q waves in lead I, aVL, V5-6
34
What is seen on EKG in the presence of an inferior MI?
ST segment elevation T wave inversion Pathologic Q waves in leads II, III, and aVF
35
What generally indicates prior “healed/old” infarction?
Q wave in the absence of ST segment and T wave abnormality
36
what should give you a high degree of suspicion for a posterior MI?
ST segment depression in V1-3
37
Which leads view the septal portion of the heart?
V1, V2
38
What is seen on EKG in the presence of a benign repolarization?
Benign Early Repolarization
39
What is seen on EKG in the presence of a pulmonary embolism?
Large S wave in lead I, deep Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III
40
Delayed repolarization which puts pt at risk of what?
V. fib and Torsades de Pointes
41
What is seen on EKG in the presence of hyperkalemia?
Tall, peaked T waves Flattened P waves 1st degree AV heart block Widened QRS complexes
42
What is seen on EKG in the presence of hypokalemia?
Appearance of U waves Flattening of T waves ST segment depression
43
What is seen on EKG in the presence of hypercalemia?
Shorter ST segment and shorter QT interval
44
What is seen on EKG in the presence of hypo K+, Ca2+, Mg2+?
Prolongation of QT interval (risk of ventricular tachycardia or Torsades de Pointes)
45
When may you see electrical alternans?
Large pericardial effusion
46
What is seen on EKG in the presence of digoxin at therapeutic levels?
“Dig effect” | Shortened QT interval
47
What electrolyte abnormality should you be concerned for with toxic digoxin blood levels?
Hypokalemia
48
What is the most characteristic rhythm disturbance seen with toxic digoxin levels?
PAT with 2nd degree AV block
49
What types of drugs can prolong the QTI and put pts at risk for V. tach and TdP?
Anti-arrhythmics TCAs Phenothiazines Macrolides
50
What is seen on EKG in the presence of hypothermia?
All intervals are prolonged (PRI, QRS, QTI) ST segment elevation with an abrupt ascent at the J point, then plunge back to the baseline (“Osborn waves”) May see muscle artifact

EKG (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions