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Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What type of dysrhythmia speeds up and slows down in a cyclic manner that usually corresponds with the respiratory cycle?

A

Sinus dysrhythmia

HR increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration

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2
Q

What is it called when 1-2 beats are dropped?

A

Sinus pause

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3
Q

What is it called when 3+ beats are dropped?

A

Sinus arrest

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4
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has P waves that continuously change in appearance, with a normal HR?

A

Wandering Atrial Pacemaker

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5
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a single differing P wave followed by a non-compensatory pause?

A

Premature Atrial Complexes

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6
Q

What is it called when there are less than two full R-R intervals between the R wave of the normal beat which precedes the PAC and the R waves of the first normal beat which follows it?

A

Non-compensatory pause

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7
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs every other beat?

A

Bigeminal

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8
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs after two normal beats?

A

Tigeminal

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9
Q

What is it called when a PAC occurs after three normal beats?

A

Quadrigeminal

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10
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 150-250bpm with P waves that may be hidden in the preceding T wave?

A

Atrial tachycardia

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11
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 120-150bpm and P waves continuously change in appearance?

A

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT)

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12
Q

What type of dysrhythmia arises from above the ventricles, but cannot be definitively identified as atrial tachycardia because the P waves cannot be seen sufficiently?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia SVT

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13
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 250-350bpm with absent P waves and saw-tooth flutter waves (F waves)

A

Atrial flutter

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14
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of >350 bpm, with a rhythm is irregularly irregular, absent P waves, chaotic-looking baseline of fibrillatory waves (f waves)?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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15
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a single inverted P wave, followed by a non-compensatory pause?

A

Premature Junctional Complexes (PJC)

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16
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 40-60bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Junctional Escape Rhythm

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17
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 60-110bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Accelerated Junctional Rhythm

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18
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 100-180bpm, regular rhythm and inverted P waves?

A

Junctional Tachycardia

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19
Q

What type of dysrhythmia has QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, T waves go in opposite direction of the R wave, followed by a compensatory pause?

A

Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVC)

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20
Q

What is a pause following a premature complex that allows the original rhythm to begin at its normal rate?

A

Compensatory pause

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21
Q

What is it called when the PVCs look the same?

22
Q

What is it called when the PVCs look different from each other?

A

Multifocal

23
Q

What is it called when there are 2 PVCs in a row?

24
Q

What is it called when PVCs fall between 2 regular complexes and do not disrupt the normal cardiac cycles (no compensatory pause)?

A

Interpolated PVCs

25
What is it called when PVC occurs on/near the previous T wave?
R-on-T PVC
26
What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 20-40bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?
Idioventricular rhythm
27
What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 40-100bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
28
What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 100-250bpm with QRS complexes that are wide and bizarre, and T waves go in opposite direction of R wave?
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)
29
What type of dysrhythmia is a unique variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia?
Torsades de Pointes (TdP)
30
What type of dysrhythmia has a HR of 300-500bpm with a totally chaotic rhythm, that appears as a wavy line? No discernible P waves, QRS complexes, or PR intervals?
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
31
What type of dysrhythmia appears as a flat line?
Asystole
32
What type of condition has an organized electrical rhythm on the EKG monitor (which should produce a pulse), but pt is pulseless and apneic?
Pulseless Electrical Activity
33
What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals longer than 0.20s and constant?
1st degree AV Block
34
What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals that progressively increase until a QRS complex is dropped?
2nd degree AV Block Type I | Wenckebach/Mobitiz I
35
What type of dysrhythmia has PR intervals that are prolonged and constant with intermittent P waves that are not followed by a QRS complex?
2nd degree AV Block Type II | Mobitiz II
36
What type of dysrhythmia has no association between the P waves and QRS complexes
3rd degree AV Block
37
What is the best way to approximate the mean axis?
Looking at the QRS complexes in Leads I and aVF
38
What is a normal axis?
Positive QRS complexes in leads I and aVF | Between 0-90+
39
What type of mean QRS axis is between 0 and -90 (pointing towards left shoulder)?
Left Axis Deviation
40
What type of mean QRS axis is between +90 and +180 (pointing toward right foot)?
Right Axis Deviation
41
What is the equiphasic method to determine the QRS axis?
Find a lead with an equiphasic QRS complex, the axis will be perpendicular to that lead Equiphasic: positive component = negative component
42
What indicates a strong LAD?
R wave in aVL > R wave in Lead I
43
What indicates a strong RAD?
R wave in Lead III > R wave in aVF
44
What type of individuals may have a more “vertical” heart, with a shift in the QRS axis toward +90?
Tall, thin (vertical heart)
45
What type of individuals may have have a more horizontal heart with the mean QRS axis shifting more leftwards?
Obese or pregnant (horizontal heart)
46
What is the best way to assess for ventricular hypertrophy?
Look at QRS complexes in leads V1/2 and V5/6
47
What is the criteria for RVH?
Right axis deviation (>+90) OR R > S wave in V1 OR S > R wave in V6
48
What is the criteria for LVH?
S in V1/V2 + R in V5/V6 > 35 mm OR R in aVL > 11mm OR R in Lead I + S in Lead III > 25 mm
49
What is the best way to assess for atrial enlargement?
Look at P waves in leads II and V1
50
What is the criteria for RAE?
P wave amplitude > 2.5 mm in Lead II (2 1/2 blocks) = P pulmonale Or biphasic P wave in V1 with initial > terminal portion
51
What is the criteria for LAE?
P wave duration > 0.10s in Lead II (2 1/2 blocks) = P mitrale Or if the terminal portion of the P wave in V1 is negative with a -Duration of ≥ 0.04s (1 small block) AND -Depth of ≥ 1 mm (1 small block)
52
What indicates bilateral atrial enlargement?
Increased amplitude and duration of P wave

EKG (2 decks)

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