Final Exam Chapter 8

Question 1

What are functions of the gallbladder

Answer 1

Store bile and concentrate bile

Question 2

What bile is primarily bile from the liver

Answer 2

Hepatic bile

Question 3

What bile is concentrated bile from the gallbladder

Answer 3

Cystic bile

Question 4

What is bile release controlled by

Answer 4

CCK and the vagus nerve

Question 5

What is the surface epithelium of the gallbladder mucosa

Answer 5

Simple columnar

Question 6

What cell types are located within the gallbladder mucosa

Answer 6

Clear cells and brush cells

Question 7

What cells are aka cholangiocytes, have many microvilli, and function to concentrate bile by absorbing water

Answer 7

Clear cells

Question 8

What cell is few in number within the gallbladder mucosa and produce mucinogen

Answer 8

Brush cells

Question 9

What part of the gallbladder often posses small mucous glands

Answer 9

The neck of the gallbladder lamina propria

Question 10

What part of the gallbladder mucosa is loose and very vascular ct

Answer 10

Lamina propria

Question 11

What is the function of the lamina propria of the gallbladder

Answer 11

Lubricate the narrow neck lumen

Question 12

What part of the gallbladder mucosa is absent

Answer 12

Muscularis mucosa

Question 13

Is there submucosa in the gallbladder

Answer 13

No its absent - unusual

Question 14

What is unique about the muscularis eterna of the gallbladder

Answer 14

It is NOT a normal pattern, has thin smooth muscle layer with disorganized muscle arrangement

Question 15

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine pancreas

Answer 15

Endocrine = islets of langerhans producing hormones, exocrine = serous acini producing digestive enzymes

Question 16

What is the largest portion of the pancreas

Answer 16

Exocrine (digestive enzymes) portions

Question 17

What do pancreatic ducts do for the exocrine pancrease

Answer 17

Secretion (H2O and HCO3) controlled by secretin and acetylcholine from parasympathetic nerves

Question 18

What type of cell is characteristic of pancreatic ducts

Answer 18

Centroacinar cells

Question 19

What type of pancreatic duct cells are with cuboid cells in intercalated pancreatic ducts and what do they produce

Answer 19

Centroacinar cells producing alkaline fluid with large amounts of bicarbonate to release into duodenum to buffer stomach chyme

Question 20

What wraps the pancreatic ducts and what is the function

Answer 20

Collagen rich ct = provide extra protection from possible leaking of digestive enzymes

Question 21

What is the largest gland in the body with endocrine and exocrine functions

Answer 21

The liver

Question 22

What are 5 functions of the liver

Answer 22

Metabolize lipids/carbs/protein, production of blood proteins/vitamins, detoxify blood, produce hepatic bile (exocrine) store vitamines (A,B12)

Question 23

What type of cell are hepatocytes

Answer 23

Microvilliated cuboidal cells possesing lateral bile between adjacent hepatocytes

Question 24

How does bile go through a liver lobule (bile canaliculi)

Answer 24

Bile moves from hepatocytes towards the bile duct bronchi in the portal triad

Question 25

What cell is arranged in rows between hepatic sinusoids like spokes of a wheel

Answer 25

Hepatocytes

Question 26

What is another name for kupffer cells and what do they develop from

Answer 26

Stellate macrophages that develop monocytes

Question 27

What do kupffer cells do

Answer 27

Phagocytosis of debris and aged RBC’s, act as APC

Question 28

What cells are known as hepatic stellate cells

Answer 28

Ito cells

Question 29

What cells store lipids, vit A, produce collagen 1,3,4 and growth factors

Answer 29

Ito cells

Question 30

What are pit cells

Answer 30

Natural killer cells

Question 31

What are hepatic progenitor cells responsible for

Answer 31

Present regenerative capabilities

Question 32

What is the portal triad

Answer 32

Includes branches from hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct

Question 33

What cell is dilated, fenestrated and found between rows of hepatocytes

Answer 33

Hepatic sinusoids

Question 34

What do hepatic sinusoids carry

Answer 34

Mixture of venous (75%) and arterial blood (25%)

Question 35

What is fenestrated and collects blood from hepatic sinusoids

Answer 35

The central vein

Question 36

Where does the central vein receive blood flow from

Answer 36

The portal triad

Question 37

What is another name for space of disse

Answer 37

Perisinusoidal space

Question 38

What is the space of disse

Answer 38

Space between hepatocytes and fenestrated hepatic sinusoids where blood directly contacts microvilliated surfaces of hepatocytes

Question 39

Where is flow slow enough so cells can interact with blood and its contents

Answer 39

The space of disse (perisinusoidal space)

Question 40

Why can the liver take over functioning for the spleen for 24-48 hours

Answer 40

Because of slow flow in space of disse

Question 41

What is glisson’s capsule made of

Answer 41

Dense irregular CT covered with serosa, other ct limited in human liver