final exam (comprehension 4)

Question 1

What is multiplex PCR and how is it used in DNA typing?

Answer 1

Technique that amplifies multiple DNA targets in a single reaction, using different primer pairs for each target

Question 2

father?

Answer 2

M4

Question 3

In addition to paternity testing, what are 2 other uses for DNA typing?

Answer 3

• paternity/family relationships
• match organ donors w/ recipients for transplants
• identify catastrophe victim

Question 4

Is this the father?

Answer 4

No, only 16/20 matches

Question 5

Define bioinformatics:

Answer 5

discipline combining information technology with biotechnology, tools are essential for understanding to

• sequence DNA
• collect, organize, analyze DNA and protein

Question 6

Define genomics

Answer 6

study of whole sets of genes and their interactions rather than single genes or proteins

Question 7

Define trancriptomes

Answer 7

analysis of RNA transcripts produced by the genotype at a given time that provides a link b/w the genome, proteome, and cellular phenotype

Question 8

Define proteomics

Answer 8

determination of the structures and functions of all proteins in an organism

Question 9

What is a reporter gene?

Answer 9

exogenous coding region joined to a promoter sequence or element in an expression vector, introduced into cells to provide the means for measuring the promoter activity

ex. GFP

Question 10

What is a genome-wide association study used for?

Answer 10

To identify variants, SNPs, and structural variants: associated w/ human traits and diseases

Question 11

What causes cancer?

Answer 11

growth disorder of cells associated with mutations of DNA that cause cells to transform

Question 12

True / False: DNA is the hereditary material: each chromosome is a single molecule of DNA, and genes are sequences of DNA.

Answer 12

true

Question 13

If a muscle cell and a brain cell from the same organism contain the exact same genome, why do muscles cells and brain cells differ
in structure and function?

Answer 13

differences in gene expression

Question 14

If gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level, where in a prokaryotic cell does this regulation take place? How about in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 14

Prokaryotes in the nucleoid region/cytoplasm

Eukaryotes in the nucleus

Question 15

How is it possible for a single gene to encode different polypeptides?

Answer 15

alternative splicing

Question 16

Describe central dogma:

Answer 16