Final Exam Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Intimacy
A
a connection between two people that includes psychological, emotional, and behavioral bonds
2
Q
Components of Intimacy
A
closeness, openness, trust, affection, mutuality
3
Q
Closeness
A
a feeling of union between two people that emerges when people spend time together and influence one another’s actions and beliefs
4
Q
Openness
A
our willingness to reveal private information about ourselves to a relationship partner through self disclosure
5
Q
Trust
A
the feeling that a relationship partner will keep us safe and protect us from harm
6
Q
Affection
A
the positive feelings that we have for another person that we communicate through our actions with that person
7
Q
Mutuality
A
when both partners in a relationship acknowledge and value the bond that exists between them
8
Q
Johnson’s Conceptualization of Commitment
A
have to (no alternatives, can’t leave), ought to (moral obligation, other’s expectations), want to (emotional desire for partner)
9
Q
Love Styles- Eros
A
love characterized by beauty and sexuality
10
Q
Love Style- Ludus
A
love characterized as a game that is entertaining and exciting
11
Q
Love Styles- Storge
A
love characterized as peaceful and grounded in friendship
12
Q
Relational Dialectics
A
autonomy v. connection, novelty v. predictability, openness v. closedness
13
Q
Love Languages (Chapman’s work)
A
words of affirmation, quality time, receiving gifts, acts of service, physical touch
14
Q
Relational Maintenance Behaviors
A
the actions people take to keep their relationship in a desired state
15
Q
Friendships Across the Lifespan
A
early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early/middle adulthood, older adulthood
16
Q
Goals
A
end-states or outcomes that a person seeks to achieve or maintain
17
Q
Primary Goal
A
the influence goal that motivates the interaction
18
Q
Secondary Goals
A
considerations other than the primary goal that arise during interpersonal influence interactions and shape communication strategies
19
Q
Options for Pursuing Multiple Goals
A
prioritize, pursue goals in sequence, pursue all goals simultaneously
20
Q
Politeness Theory
A
a set of assumptions about how intimacy and power are related to the use of more or less polite influence messages
21
Q
Positive Face
A
the desire to be well-liked and admired by others
22
Q
Negative Face
A
the desire to be autonomous and unconstrained
23
Q
Face Threatening Act
A
a request for compliance that violates one’s positive or negative face
24
Q
Types of Power
A
coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, reward
25
Coercive Power
the ability to use threats and punishment to gain compliance
26
Reward Power
the ability to use incentives to gain compliance
27
Legitimate Power
the degree of power gained by one's position or title
28
Referent Power
the extent to which individuals are well-liked and admired
29
Expert Power
the extent to which individuals have information, knowledge, and expertise on a given topic
30
Types of Influence Goals
gain assistance, give advice, change orientation, obtain permission, enforce rights + obligations
31
Characteristics of Compliance-Seeking Messages
explicitness, dominance, argument
32
Explicitness
the degree to which a message clearly reveals the speaker's intentions
33
Dominance
the extent to which a speaker expresses power through the form and content of an influence message
34
Argument
the degree to which reasons are given for complying with a request
35
Politeness Strategies
bald-on-record, positive politeness, negative politeness
36
Bald-On-Record Strategy
used to straightforwardly address the other person or the hearer to express the speakers needs
37
Positive Politeness Strategy
intended to avoid giving offense by highlighting friendliness, seeks to minimize threat to the hearer's positive face, seeks to make hearer feel good about themselves
38
Negative Politeness Strategy
oriented towards the hearer's negative face, emphasizes avoidance of imposition on hearer
39
Criteria Defining Conflict
interdependence, perceived incompatible goals, interference, negative emotions
40
Levels of Conflict
problematic behavior, relationship roles, undesirable traits
41
Problematic Behavior
the conflict stems from specific actions performed by the other person
42
Relationship Roles
the conflict stems from the other person's violations of expectations or norms for the relationship
43
Undesirable Traits
the conflict stems from the other person's problematic personality or enduring qualities
44
Conflict Goals
the outcomes a person hopes to achieve at the end of a dispute
45
Types of Conflict
instrumental, relational, identity (self + other), process
46
Instrumental Goals
specific or tangible resources or benefits a person hopes to gain or retain (ex: money, goods, resources, information)
47
Relational Goals
the type of relationship a person wants to have with a partner at the end of the conflict
48
Identity Goals (self)
the self image that a person wants to project or protect during a conflict
49
Identity Goals (other)
the self image that a person wants the partner to have at the end of the conflict
50
Process Goals
the steps or rules for conflict that a person wants to follow; preferences about how to manage conflict
51
4 Conflict Styles
dominating, integrating, obliging, avoiding
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Dominating Conflict Style
involves confronting problems, competing with a partner, and trying to win (Pros: can be effective during difficult situations; Cons: can be perceived as aggressive, confrontational, and uncooperative)
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Integrating Conflict Style
involves collaborating with a partner to find a solution that is satisfying to everyone (Pros: makes all parties feel valued and understood; Cons: may not be a solution that provides exact victory for all parties involved)
54
Obliging Conflict Style
involves accommodating or giving in to a conflict partner's needs and desires (Pros: useful to preserve relationships; Cons: creates power imbalances, limits ability to solve complex problems)
55
Avoiding Conflict Style
involves trying to limit communication about a conflict situation (Pros: allows time to think + gather info + cool down; Cons: doesn't address long term goals, causes tension, projects passive-aggressiveness or lack of concern)
56
The Chilling Effect
occurs when we suppress complaints and expressions of dissatisfaction or anger from someone we perceive as more powerful than us, because we fear that the more powerful person could punish us
57
Levels of Confirmation + Disconfirmation
recognition, acknowledgement, endorsement
58
Verbal Person Centerdeness
a quality of messages that validate, recognize, or acknowledge the recipients feelings and experiences
59
Types of Support
informational, emotional, network, tangible, esteem
60
Informational Support
messages that give advice or point out helpful facts
61
Emotional Support
verbal messages that focus on how a person is feeling and attempt to make that person feel better
62
Network Support
messages that link someone in distress to others who can help
63
Tangible Support
practical aid that addresses the source of a person's distress
64
Esteem Support
messages that point out positive personal qualities
65
Support Communication Strategies
solace, escape, dismiss, solve
66
Solace
combines approach based and emotion focused messages to elicit positive emotions and foster intimacy
67
Solve
combines approach based and task focused messages to find solutions to the problem
68
Escape
combines avoidance based and emotion focused messages to discourage the experience and expression of negative emotion
69
Dismiss
combines avoidance based and task focused messages to minimize the significance of the problem
70
Problem-Focused Coping
addressing a difficult situation by focusing on understanding and resolving it
71
Emotion-Focused Coping
addressing a difficult situation by focusing on controlling the negative feelings + distress that it generates
72
Cold Comfort
messages that provide limited consolation, sympathy, or encouragement in response to serious distress
73
Ways to expand your comforting toolkit
focus on feelings, help speaker clarify feelings
74
Norm of Reciprocity
tendency to match our own disclosures to those made by our partner
75
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
uncertainty stems from a lack of information, we can reduce it through gathering information about a person (self disclosure and norm of reciprocity)
76
Relational Uncertainty
the lack of knowledge people have about their relationships
77
Social Penetration Theory
a description of relationship escalation that focuses on how communication allows partners to get to know each other
78
The Development of Friendships
meeting, fledgling friendships, private rules for interacting develop, stabilized friendship
79
Emotional closeness through dialogue v. doing
intimate conversations can lead to friends building a deep sense of connection
80
Gottman's 4 Horsemen of the Apocolypse
criticism, contempt, defensiveness, stonewalling
81
Secret Tests
covert actions designed to reveal information about a partner's involvement
82
Grave Dressing Phase of Relationship Dissolution
when a person who has left their relationship attempts to justify their actions, often because they are attempting to present themselves in a positive light in order to attract a new partner
83
Family
a network of people who create a sense of home, share a collective identity, experience a common history, and envision a similar future
84
Conversation Orientation
the extent to which a family encourages communication about a wide variety of topics
85
Conformity Orientation
the extent to which the family encourages members to have similar attitudes, beliefs, and values
86
Pluralistic Family
families whose members are encouraged to express individuality and embrace differences (high in conversation orientation and low in conformity orientation)
87
Consensual Family
families whose members use open communication to coordinate activities around a united family front (high in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation)
88
Laissez-Fair Family
families in which members have little contact with one another and aren't expected to share a similar pov (low in conversation orientation and low in conformity orientation)
89
Protective Family
families whose members do not communicate freely, discourage differences, and respect authority (low in conversation orientation and high in conformity orientation)
90
Functions of the Family
protection, socialization (family socialization), educate about traditions + beliefs in culture (transmission), emotional support + comfort
91
Family Socialization
the process by which parents teach their children behaviors that are appropriate, expected, moral, or polite
92
Transmission
the teaching of cultural practices from one generation to the next
93
Functions of the Family Secret
create + maintain intimacy, cohesiveness, protecting family structure, avoid social disapproval
94
Systems Theory
a general perspective that emphasizes how different objects work together to form a larger entity
95
4 Marital Types
traditional marriage, independent marriage, separate marriage, mixed marriage
96
Traditional Marriage
a union characterized by a clear division of labor, companionship, and cooperation
97
Independent Marriage
a union characterized by an emphasis on quality time together, individuality, and frequent negotiation of household tasks
98
Separate Marriage
a union characterized by a clear division of labor, psychological and emotional distance, and a strong commitment to the relationship
99
Mixed Marriage
a union in which the partners differ in their preferences for a traditional, independent, or separate relationship
