Final Exam (Injuries, Occupational Health, and Musculoskeletal Conditions)

Question 1

Unintentional or intentional damage to the body resulting from acute exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen

Answer 1

Injury

Question 2

Number of deaths per year because of injuries

Answer 2

> 5 million

Question 3

Established by the CDC in 1992 as the primary federal organization for violence prevention in the U.S.

Answer 3

National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC)

Question 4

Mission of the NCIPC

Answer 4

Prevent injuries and violence to reduce their consequences

Question 5

Deliberately inflicted harm. A.k.a. violence

Answer 5

Intentional injuries

Question 6

Unplanned injuries sustained in fires, falls, poisonings, drowning, and traffic related accidents

Answer 6

Unintentional injuries

Question 7

T/F Intentional injuries is the leading cause of death among people under 44

Answer 7

FALSE.

Unintentional injuries is the leading cause of death in people under 44

Question 8

T/F Intentional injuries accounts for 1/3 of all injuries

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Leading causes of death for people 15 to 34

Answer 9

1) Unintentional injuries
2) Homicide
3) Suicide

Question 10

T/F Intentional injuries are the most common cause of nonfatal violence (65%)

Answer 10

True

Question 11

T/F Nonfatal violence includes being struck or crushed by a human, animal, inanimate object, vehicles, and machinery

Answer 11

FALSE.
Nonfatal violence includes being struck by a human, animal, or inanimate object (vehicles and machinery are not considered to be violent acts)

Question 12

Top 3 causes of unintentional injury fatalities

Answer 12

1) Traffic crashes
2) Poisoning
3) Falls

Question 13

Alcohol impairment causes __% of all traffic crash deaths

Answer 13

40%

Question 14

Major risk factor for traffic-crash deaths

Answer 14

Age

Question 15

T/F New drivers and age impaired older drivers are at greater risk of traffic crash death

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Age group that has the highest risk of traffic crash deaths

Answer 16

Age 16-19

Question 17

Risks for traffic crash death

Answer 17

• Being a teen (4x)
• Male
• Having teen passengers
• New license

Question 18

Injury that primarily happens to older people. Leading cause of injury deaths among older adults

Answer 18

Falls

Question 19

___ of adults 65 and older fall each year

Answer 19

1/3

Question 20

Most Americans age 22-65 spend about ______% of their waking hours at _____

Answer 20

40-50%

Work

Question 21

T/F Taking care of injured workers typically comes with more administrative burden that other forms of insurance because of lots of rules and regulations that get in the way of “patient care”

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Health care benefits in Worker Comp patients can seem to be more _________ than ___________

Answer 22

Employment driven

Clinically driven

Question 23

What factors have enabled the number of reported work injuries to decrease over the years?

Answer 23

• Improved health and safety efforts
• Technological advances in the workplace
• A more service-based economy

Question 24

__% of all injured workers account for ___% of total costs

Answer 24

80%

Question 25

Costs of all insurance claims for any injury or illness

Answer 25

Direct costs

Question 26

All the "uninsured" additional costs associated with an injury

Answer 26

Indirect costs

Question 27

T/F Usually, direct costs > indirect costs

Answer 27

FALSE. | Indirect costs are usually > than Direct costs

Question 28

Most significant indirect cost

Answer 28

Replacement workers

Question 29

Most prevalent work related injury

Answer 29

Low back pain

Question 30

Total direct costs of occupational low back pain injury exceed ________/year

Answer 30

$90 billion

Question 31

Total indirect costs of occupational low back pain injury is about ______/year

Answer 31

$7-20 billion

Question 32

Accounts for 30% of work related injuries and illnesses with days away from work

Answer 32

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD)

Question 33

Highest rates and most affected people having MSD

Answer 33

``` HR = nursing aides, orderlies, attendants, construction workers, freight, stock, and material movers MA = trunk (back AND shoulder) ```

Question 34

Leading type of injury and illness of MSD

Answer 34

Sprains and strains

Question 35

Account for 1/3 of all workplace injuries and they result in the longest absences from work.

Answer 35

Ergonomics-related injuries

Question 36

#1 example of cumulative trauma disorders

Answer 36

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Question 37

Chiropractic interventions are geared toward improving ___________ and ________, which often facilitates a _________

Answer 37

Function Good ergonomics Rapid return to work

Question 38

T/F Total costs for injured workers managed by DC's were lower than similar cases managed by other providers

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Work Comp claims require the diagnosis to be entirely

Answer 39

Work related

Question 40

Problematic among chiropractors and work comp cases

Answer 40

-Inadequate documentation -Duration of care -Practice variations (all 3 can be different from DC to DC)

Question 41

Many states allow curative or rehabilitative care until the _______ status or _____________ (whichever comes first)

Answer 41

Pre-injury status | Maximal medical improvement

Question 42

What qualifies a worker for Disability?

Answer 42

Workers not returning to work within the first 2 months (TQ)

Question 43

Risk factors for Disability

Answer 43

- Older age - Female - Back or neck diagnosis - Divorced - Working for a small employer - High unemployment

Question 44

Key clinical interventions of chiropractors and work comp patients

Answer 44

- Provide adjustments - Help the worker develop self reliance - Encourage normal activities - Add exercise in the subacute stage (shown to be more effective then just adjustments alone)

Question 45

Are among the most common health problems encountered by adults in the U.S.

Answer 45

Back and neck pain

Question 46

Lifetime prevalence of back and neck pain is __%

Answer 46

85%

Question 47

Most frequent site reported for joint pain

Answer 47

Lower back

Question 48

T/F Low back pain is the most common ailment treated by DC's only

Answer 48

FALSE. | It is the most common ailment treated by DCs and MDs

Question 49

__% of all health care visits deals with low back pain and about ___ of chiropractic patient visits

Answer 49

5% | 2/3

Question 50

Prevention of low back pain is a ______ priority area

Answer 50

HP 2020

Question 51

T/F Low back pain prevalence decreases with age, pain is more prevalent in males, injury is more prevalent in females, and the most frequent diagnosis in low back pain is osteoporosis

Answer 51

FALSE. - Low back pain prevalence increases with age - Pain is more prevalent in females - Injury is more prevalent in males - Most frequent diagnosis is disc degeneration

Question 52

% of hospital visits associated with neck pain. Is neck pain more prevalent in males or females?

Answer 52

1.5% | More prevalent in feamles

Question 53

Majority of neck pain (81%) occurs in those who are in the _____ age range. Neck pain tends to stabilize between ages _______

Answer 53

``` Majority = 18-64 Stabilize = 45-64 ```

Question 54

T/F Chiropractors are not qualified or positioned to help CSD patients

Answer 54

FALSE. CSD = Chronic Spinal Disorders Chiropractors are both uniquely qualified and positioned to help CSD patients

Question 55

How can chiropractors help CSD patients?

Answer 55

Adjustments and Education

Question 56

How do chiropractors educate CSD patients?

Answer 56

Focus them on preventative efforts that may reduce their likelihood of becoming a chronic spine sufferer

Question 57

Chiropractic Actions in CSD

Answer 57

- Regular adjustments - Physical fitness and exercise promotion - Nutrition/dietary recommendations - Smoking cessation recommendations - Ergonomic/postural advice - Self-care strategies - Relaxation/stress reduction strategies