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TW - 7th Grade Science > FINAL EXAM - Module 5 > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM - Module 5 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

cell

A

the basic unit of life

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

the jellylike substance that fills the cell

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3
Q

mitochondria

A
  • provide energy for the cell

- they use oxygen to release energy from food taken in by the cell

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4
Q

ribosomes

A

responsible for manufacturing proteins by connecting amino acids into long chains
-found in (1) cytoplasm 7 (2) endoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

Tiny structures in the cell that carry out the cell’s activities are

A

organelles

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6
Q

nucleus

A
  • the part of the cell that contains the genetic information

- acts as the command center for the cell

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7
Q

telophase

A

how identical daughter cells are created

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8
Q

Mitosis makes it possible for the body to

A

made identical cells.

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9
Q

Which phase pulls the chromosomes apart?

A

Anaphase

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10
Q

The organelle that aids in cell division is

A

centrioles

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11
Q

The first step in mitosis is

A

prophase

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12
Q

Telophase is the stage of cell division where

A

new cells are formed

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13
Q

The phase in which a cell spends most of its time is

A

interphase

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14
Q

The process of cell division that creates genetic variety in cells is

A

meiosis

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15
Q

You notice that your friend has blue eyes. You have observed one of his

A

traits

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16
Q

Which of the following can be described as genetic material that directs the cell?

A

nucleus

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17
Q

Which process produces two identical copies of the parent cell?

A

mitosis

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18
Q

Chromosomes are made up from

A

DNA

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19
Q

Gametes have

A

half as many chromosomes as a normal cell

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20
Q

Fertilization takes place when a sperm joins a(n)

A

egg

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21
Q

Meiosis produces cells with ________ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

A

half

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22
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with asexual reproduction?

A

Budding
Fission
Spore formation
Fertilization

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23
Q

Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction?

A

Fertilization

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24
Q

Which process produces two identical copies of the parent cell?

A

Mitosis

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25
This process can produce a large number of offspring.
Asexual reproduction
26
The great variety we see in some organisms is due to
sexual reproduction
27
Sperm and eggs each have ______ chromosomes.
23
28
DNA is made up of ________ bonded to a sugar phosphate backbone.
nucleotide bases
29
You notice that your friend has blue eyes. You have observed one of his
traits
30
We find genes on
chromosomes
31
The information needed to direct the cell is found in
DNA
32
A trait that is controlled by multiple genes is called a
polygenetic trait
33
Dominant traits are always expressed when a ______ gene is present
dominant
34
When you describe a person's physical characteristics, you are describing their
phenotype
35
Genotype describes
the specific makeup of an individual
36
Gregory Mendel discovered some basic rules about
inheritance
37
If one recessive allele and one dominant allele are present, the _______ trait will be expressed.
dominant
38
Dominant alleles are recorded as uppercase in a
Punnet square
39
Can only be inherited by a male or female
sex-linked traits
40
A trait has co-dominant genes. What would you expect to be expressed?
One of the traits the genes code for Both traits the genes code for None of the traits the genes code for x Not possible to tell
41
The gene for tongue rolling is dominant. The mother's genotype is Tt, and the father's genotype is Tt. What are the chances that he will be able to roll his tongue?
75% chance
42
This is used to track traits within a family line.
a pedigree chart
43
Pedigree charts track the _________ of a family line.
genotype history
44
Genotypes are
the genetic makeup of someone
45
Scientists can use cells from one organism to produce a genetically identical organism by
cloning
46
Intentional breeding for certain traits is known as
artificial selection
47
Scientists could use genetic engineering to do all of the following
increase the nutritional values of plants
48
What is a downside of cloning animals?
Cloned animals are less resistant to new diseases.
49
The cell is protected from the outside environment by the
cell membrane Any material coming into or out of the cell must pass through this cell membrane.
50
golgi apparatus
takes simple materials, made in the endoplasmic reticulum, and processes them into more complex materials. Once the Golgi apparatus has processed these materials, they are either stored or sent out of the cell.
51
The storage and transport of material takes place in the ________.
Golgi apparatus
52
Lysosomes are responsible for
the break-down of substances in the cell
53
Endoplasmic reticulum
a system of winding membranes that packages and transports materials; it also manufactures parts of the cell membrane.
54
Vesicles
- small packages that store and transport materials. - Some vesicles are formed when parts of the endoplasmic reticulum break off; these vesicles carry materials to the Golgi apparatus. - Other vesicles are formed when parts of the Golgi apparatus break off; these vesicles help to transport materials out of the cell.
55
Lysosomes
- a type of vesicle made by the Golgi apparatus. | - Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials such as food and old cell parts.
56
The process of fission is a type of
asexual reproduction
57
The process when a sperm and egg join forming a new cell is called
fertilization
58
Meiosis produces four new cells with ______ the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
one half
59
A process is some genetic material is wasted
sexual reproduction
60
genetic engineering
- Scientists are able to take DNA from one species and implant it in another - Common in agriculture
61
punnett square
square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment

TW - 7th Grade Science (3 decks)

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