Final exam multiple choice Flashcards
(17 cards)
Which of the following is true regarding blood flow and how it changes during acute exercise?
At rest, 60% of blood flow is sent to the viscera and 40% to the muscle
During exercise, 60-80% of blood flow is sent to the muscle and 15% to the skin, with 5% or less sent to the rest of the body
This is a voluntary change.
Vasoconstriction in the skeletal muscles leads to increased skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise
During exercise, 60-80% of blood flow is sent to the muscle and 15% to the skin, with 5% or less sent to the rest of the body
Factors in muscle that influence force development include:
Muscle length
Speed of contraction <br></br> -
Size of the muscle <br></br> -
Angle of the joint <br></br> -
All of the above <br></br> -
A, B, and D only
All of the above
Functions of the cardiovascular system include (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS): <br></br> -
Removal of CO2 and other metabolic waste products <br></br>
- Production of hormones to control the sympathetic nervous system <br></br> -
Thermoregulation <br></br>
Body fluid balance
Removal of CO2 and other metabolic waste products, Thermoregulation, Body fluid balance
Which of the following is/are true about steady-state heart rate? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS): <br></br> -
It takes 15 minutes to reach steady-state heart rate <br></br> -
It is defined as “the plateau in HR that is reached during a set workload of exercise” <br></br> -
It will not change in a controlled climate <br></br> -
It is subject to cardiovascular drift
It is defined as “the plateau in HR that is reached during a set workload of exercise” and
It is subject to cardiovascular drift
Which of the following is/are true regarding the acute heart rate response to exercise? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS): <br></br> -
There is a positive, curvilinear relationship between workload and heart rate <br></br> -
Heart rate increases as workload increases <br></br> -
No variability exists between individuals regarding the acute heart rate response to exercise <br></br> -
The increase in heart rate with increasing power output on a cycle ergometer and increasing O2 uptake is linear within a wide range – that is, participants will all show increases in heart rate, but to varied extents
Heart rate increases as workload increases
There is a positive, curvilinear relationship between workload and heart rate <br></br>
Which of the following is/are true regarding stroke volume and its response to acute exercise? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS): <br></br>
Stroke volume increases linear to work rate in the early stages of exercise, and plateaus during higher-intensity exercise <br></br>
The increase in heart rate during exercise leads to increased filling time, resulting in a higher stroke volume with higher intensities of exercise <br></br>
During exercise, the ventricles contract more powerfully and enlarge, increasing volume <br></br>
Dehydration during exercise leads to increased stroke volume
Stroke volume increases linear to work rate in the early stages of exercise, and plateaus during higher-intensity exercise
How is breathing controlled?
The respiratory center signals lungs to increase rate and depth due to increase in H+ and CO2
Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid
Stretch receptors in bronchioles and alveoli
All of the above are correct
all of the above
Adaptations in the muscle in response to ANAEROBIC training include (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS):
an increase in type IIa, IIx muscle fiber size/cross-sectional area
a decrease in type I muscle fiber size/ cross-sectional area
a decrease in the percentage of type I fibers and an increase in the percentage of type II
an increase in key glycolytic enzyme activity with training (phosphorylase, PFK, LDH, hexokinase)
select all and get 1.33
High-Intensity Interval Training: (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
Stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis
Does not impact metabolism
Can change the capacity for carbohydrate and fat transport and oxidation
Can be a time-efficient way to induce many adaptations normally associated with endurance training
stimulates, can change the capacity, can be a time efficient way
Which of the following is/are true regarding mechanisms of CO2 transport in the human body? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
90% dissolves in blood
20% binds to hemoglobin
70% is carried originally as carbonic acid, then bicarbonate ion and H ions
The presence of CO2 drives down pH, and our bodies can adapt to this over time!
20% binds to hemoglobin
70% is carried originally as carbonic acid, then bicarbonate ion and H ions
The presence of CO2 drives down pH, and our bodies can adapt to this over time!
Which of the following is true about bedrest?
during bed rest, body weight and lean body mass decline
The cardiovascular system responds to aerobic training with: (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
decreased submaximal endurance capacity
decreased resting heart rate
increased blood volume
increased maximal heart rat
decreased resting heart rate
increased blood volume
When testing for VO2max:
You only get the subject to 70% of their max predicted heart rate, and then predict their VO2max
You can use many types of equipment - treadmill, bike, pool etc!
You can’t really correlate VO2max test results with other field tests for aerobic fitness, for example the 1.5 mile run/walk test
Using Liters O2/minute is more accurate than using mL O2/kilograms bodyweight/minute
You can use many types of equipment - treadmill, bike, pool etc!
Which of the following is/are true about a-vO2 difference? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
It is defined as the difference between O2 content in the arterial blood and venous blood
It is mainly determined by heredity, and doesn’t really change
It is responsive to endurance training
It shows us how much O2 we are consuming at a given time
It is defined as the difference between O2 content in the arterial blood and venous blood
It is responsive to endurance training
It shows us how much O2 we are consuming at a given time
Which of the following peripheral adaptations occur in the cardiovascular system in response to aerobic training? (CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
Increased blood flow to active muscle during exercise
Increased capillarization and capillary recruitment
Increased blood flow to the digestive system during exercise
Decreased capillarization in the gastrocnemius
Increased blood flow to active muscle during exercise
Increased capillarization and capillary recruitment
Which is/are true regarding metabolic changes in response to aerobic training?(CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS)
Lactate threshold decreases due to increased lactate clearance
Relative improvement is dependent on fitness status when beginning training: less fit individuals can improve more compared to where they started!
Heredity does not play a role in the VO2max a person can reach; it’s 100% about training!
Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) decreases at both absolute and relative submaximal intensities
Relative improvement is dependent on fitness status when beginning training: less fit individuals can improve more compared to where they started!
Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) decreases at both absolute and relative submaximal intensities
Please define the following AND include normal values for each
A. Heart rate (3 pts)
B. Stroke volume (3 pts)
C. Ejection Fraction (3 pts)
D. Cardiac Output (3 pts)
Heartbeats per minute (average resting rate for an adult is 70-72)
How much volume is pushed from the heart in each heartbeat (approximately around 60 %)
Percentage of blood from a chamber ejected with each heartbeat (approximately around 60 %)
Cardiac output- how much blood is pumped by the heart per minute (5-8l)
