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Final Exam-New material Flashcards

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1
Q

Drugs that induce a state of calm, relaxation but patient remains aware of surroundings?

A

Tranquilizers

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2
Q

Drugs that induce CNS depression, drowsiness and decreased awareness?

A

Sedative

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3
Q

Drug that induces sleep?

A

Hypnotic

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4
Q

Drug that causes stupor bordering on anesthesia?

A

Narcotic

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5
Q

Drug that causes a loss of sensation in a particular region?

A

Local/Regional Anesthesia

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6
Q

Drug that causes unconsciousness, CNS depression, analgesia and relax reduction?

A

General Anesthesia

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7
Q

Sedative where eyes remain open, swallowing reflexes remain and skeletal tone is normal?

A

Dissociative Anesthesia

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8
Q

Excitatory neurotransmitters?

A

Glutamate

Ach

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9
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters?

A

GABA

Glycine

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10
Q

Metabolism of neurotransmitters?

A

MAO, Dopamine, NE, Serotonin, Histamine

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11
Q

Phenothiazines block what receptors?

A

Dopamine, H1, A1, M

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12
Q

Which phenothiazine is an antiemetic?

A

Chlorpromazine

Prochlorpromazine

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13
Q

Which phenothiazine has an antihistamine effect?

A

Trimeprazine

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14
Q

Do phenothiazines cause sedation?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Do phenothiazines cause muscle relaxation?

A

Some

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16
Q

Do phenothiazines cause analgesia?

A

No

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17
Q

Do phenothiazines have any effect on the CV system?

A

Yes (hypotension)

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18
Q

Do phenothiazines have any effect on the respiratory system?

A

Minimal

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19
Q

Phenothiazines have an effect on what adrenergic receptor?

A

Block A1

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20
Q

Phenothiazines have a reversal effect on which drug?

A

Epinephrine

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21
Q

What administration routes can be used for Phenothiazines?

A

PO, IM, IV, SQ

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22
Q

Which administration route for phenothiazines should not be used in dogs?

A

PO

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23
Q

Do phenothiazines cross the BBB?

A

Yes

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24
Q

Where are phenothiazines metabolized?

A

Liver

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25
Where are phenothiazines excreted?
Urine
26
Phenothiazines are contraindicated in this breed?
Boxers
27
Phenothiazines are contraindicated with this heart problem?
Vasodilation
28
Butyrophenones act on what receptor?
Dopamine antagonist
29
Benzodiazepines act on what receptor?
GABA
30
Do benzodiazepines cause sedation?
Some
31
Do benzodiazepines cause muscle relaxation?
Yes
32
Do benzodiazepines cause analgesia?
No
33
Do benzodiazepines have any cardiorespiratory effect?
Minimal! Yay!
34
This sedative can be used as an appetite stimulant?
benzodiazepines
35
How should Diazepam be given?
IV (slowly!!)
36
How should Midazolam be given?
IM
37
This benzodiazepines when given orally can cause hepatic necrosis cats?
Diazepam
38
How can benzodiazepines be given?
IV, IM, PO, Intranasal, Rectal
39
How are benzodiazepines metabolized?
Liver
40
How are benzodiazepines excreted?
Urine
41
Do benzodiazepines cross the BBB?
Yes
42
benzodiazepines can cause this in horses
Muscle fasciculation
43
If Diazepam is given too quickly IV, what can occur?
Hypotension
44
If a large dose of Diazepam is given IV, what can occur?
Hemolysis
45
If Diazepam is given IM, what can occur?
Pain (propylene glycol)
46
What is Flumazenil?
benzodiazepines reversal
47
Hypersynchronous discharge of brain cells?
Seizure
48
Multiple seizures over time?
Epilepsy
49
Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes or two seizures without consciousness regained?
Status epilepticus
50
Drugs to treat seizures?
Anticonvulsants
51
Why is status epilepticus an emergency?
Glutamate release
52
What drug should be given for an in hospital seizure emergency?
Diazepam IV
53
If Diazepam doesn't work for seizure emergency, what should be given?
Phenobarbital or General anesthesia
54
At home seizure treatment?
1-2mg/kg of Phenobarbital rectally
55
Best drug for seizure prevention?
Phenobarbital
56
Drugs that induce P450 enzymes?
Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Zonisamide
57
What receptor does Phenobarbital act on?
GABA
58
What drug is metabolized to Phenobarbital but shouldn't be used because of hepatic damage?
Primidone
59
Why should Phenytoin not be used?
Liver damage
60
Anticonvulsant that should be given with food?
Valproate
61
Oral diazepam is fatal in what species?
Cats
62
What anticonvulsant can cause coughing and pneumonia in cats?
Bromide
63
Slowly half life of the anticonvulsants?
Bromide
64
Why should Gabapentin not be given orally to dogs?
Xylitol toxicity

Pharm 1 (3 decks)

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