Final Exam: Nociception

Question 1

The detection of a noxious stimuli though the activation of nociceptors

Answer 1

nociception

Question 2

What are the 3 stimuli for nociception?

Answer 2

1. Mechanical
2. Thermal
3. Chemical

Question 3

T/F. The path of nociception of superficial and deep painj are the same!

Answer 3

F. Completely diff

Question 4

What are the 2 main nerve fiber types of nociception?

Answer 4

1. Delta fibers

2. C fibers

Question 5

Which n. fibers detect, sharp prickling pain?

Answer 5

Delta fibers

Question 6

Which n. fibers detect dull aching burning throbbing pain

Answer 6

C fibers

Question 7

Which n. fibers are slow conducting and unmyelinated?

Answer 7

c Fibers

Question 8

Which n fibers are fast conducting and myelinated?

Answer 8

Delta fibers

Question 9

T/F. both n. fiber types innervate skin and deep structures.

Answer 9

T

Question 10

T/F Perception of pain is a reflex?

Answer 10

F

Question 11

T/F reaction to pain is voluntary

Answer 11

T

Question 12

What are the two types of pain?

Answer 12

1. chronic

2. acute

Question 13

Pain that arises from trauma or inflammation

Answer 13

acute

Question 14

Pain that persists beyond the expected time frame

Answer 14

Chronic

Question 15

The dec. perception of pain

Answer 15

Hypoalgesia

Question 16

Complete absence of pain perception

Answer 16

analgesia

Question 17

The absence of all sensory perception

Answer 17

anesthesia

Question 18

What is ARAS

Answer 18

ascending reticular activating system

wakefulness system

Question 19

Tract that transmits superficial pain and tactile sensation

Answer 19

Spinocervicothalamic tract

Question 20

How can you test superficial pain?

Answer 20

lightly and briefly pinch the skin

Question 21

Where is the primary afferent synapse of the spinocericothalamic tract?

Answer 21

dorsal horn

Question 22

What tract transmits deep pain?

Answer 22

spinoreticularthalamic tract

Question 23

Is deep pain discriminate or indiscriminate

Answer 23

indiscriminate, animal cannot accurately id the source

Question 24

How can you test deep pain?

Answer 24

apply hemostats to the base of the toenail

Question 25

Which tract is more susceptible to compressive injury? Why?

Answer 25

spinocervicothalamic tract The spinoreticular tract is deeper and more diffuse

Question 26

What does GVA stand for? and what is it?

Answer 26

General visceral afferent | relatively indiscriminate, poorly localized b/c of large overlapping fields

Question 27

What does GVA respond to?

Answer 27

strech, ischemia, dilation, spasm

Question 28

Released by injured tissues to directly stimulate nociceptors

Answer 28

inflammatory mediators

Question 29

What inflammatory mediator is released by injured nerves

Answer 29

Substance P

Question 30

What does substance P cause?

Answer 30

1. dilation of blood vessels 2. degranulation of mast cells 3. inflammation 4. inc. sensitization of local nociceptors

Question 31

Substance P contributes to the development of what two things?

Answer 31

1. huyperalgesia (smaller stimulus needed for nociception) | 2. allodynia (non-noxious stimuli activates nociceptors)

Question 32

occurs with rapid, continuous firing of primary nociceptive afferents

Answer 32

Wind up

Question 33

T/F. Wind up produces long term changes that inc. threshold for simulation of pain.

Answer 33

F. dec

Question 34

T/F. anesthesia prevents wind up

Answer 34

F

Question 35

non-noxious thactile stimulation can help reduce the perception of pain

Answer 35

gate control theory

Question 36

What are 4 therapies of gate control theory?

Answer 36

1. compression 2. massage 3. water therapy 4. accupuncture

Question 37

T/F. higher brain centers can modulate pain

Answer 37

T

Question 38

How can higher brain centers modulate pain?

Answer 38

endorphins, serotonin, norepinephrine

Question 39

T/F differentiation of pain and itch happens at the level of the SC?

Answer 39

T

Question 40

arises as a result of injury to the nervous system

Answer 40

Neuropathic pain

Question 41

4 causes of neuropathic pain?

Answer 41

1. ltrauma 2. vascular injury 3. endocrinopathy 4. infection

Question 42

unpleasant sensation associated with neuropathic pain, often described as tingling

Answer 42

Dysesthesia