Exam 2: Superficial Structures of the Head, Ear, and Eye

Question 1

What are the 7 superficial muscles of the head?

Answer 1

1. Platysma m.
2. Orbicularis oculi m.
3. Orbicularis oris m.
4. Rostral auricular mm.
5. Levator nasolabialis m.
6. Caudal auricular mm.
7. Buccinator m.

Question 2

Muscles that are important for movement of the temporomandibular joint

Answer 2

Muscles of mastication

Question 3

Which muscle along with gravity opens the jaw?

Answer 3

Digastricus m.

Question 4

What are the 6 main divisions of the ear?

Answer 4

1. External ear
2. middle ear
3. inner ear

Question 5

What 4 mm are needed to close the jaw?

Answer 5

1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
3. Medial pteryfoid
4. Lateral pterygoid

Question 6

What are the two portions of the outer ear?

Answer 6

1. Auricle (pinna)

2. Ear canal

Question 7

What are the 2 parts of the ear canal?

Answer 7

1. vertical

2. horizontal

Question 8

What is the horizontal portion of the ear canal connected to?

Answer 8

the external acoustic meatus

Question 9

What 3 cartilages make up the external ear?

Answer 9

1. auricular cartilage
2. Annular cartilage
3. scutiform cartilage

Question 10

The type of cartilage that connects the cartilagenous meatus of the horizontal canal with the bony external acoustic meatus

Answer 10

Annular

Question 11

The type of cartilage that serves as an attachment site for auricular muscles

Answer 11

Scutiform

Question 12

What are the two auricular m. groups

Answer 12

1. Rostral auricular group

2. Caudal auricular group

Question 13

What does TECA stand for?

Answer 13

Total Ear Canal Ablation

Question 14

Where is the middle ear housed?

Answer 14

in tympanic part of temporal bone

Question 15

what is the common name for the tympanic membrane

Answer 15

Ear drum

Question 16

What is the common name for the tympanic bulla?

Answer 16

tympanic cavity

Question 17

Which species has a divided tympanic bulla?

Answer 17

Cat

Question 18

What 3 bones make up the auditory ossicles

Answer 18

1. malleus
2. incus
3. stapes

Question 19

How does the middle ear communicate with the nasopharynx?

Answer 19

auditory tube

Question 20

Where is the inner ear housed?

Answer 20

in the petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 21

What are the two labyrinths of the inner ear?

Answer 21

1. Osseous labyrinth

2. Membranous labyrinth

Question 22

Which animals have a complete orbit?

Answer 22

horse, ox, goat

Question 23

What completes the orbit in the dog?

Answer 23

orbital ligament

Question 24

What structure protects the eye and adnexa, and is an attachment for extrinsic mm.

Answer 24

orbit

Question 25

Conical layer of fascia that blends with the periosteum of the orbit

Answer 25

Periorbita

Question 26

What are the 3 tunics of the eye?

Answer 26

1. tunica externa (fibrous tunic) 2. tunica media (vascular tunic) 3. tunica interna (retina)

Question 27

What are the 2 parts of the fibrous tunic

Answer 27

1. sclera | 2. cornea

Question 28

What are the 3 parts of the vascular tunic?

Answer 28

1. Irus 2. Cilliary body 3. Choroid

Question 29

What are the 2 parts of the retina?

Answer 29

1. pigmented layer | 2. neural layer

Question 30

Which layer of the fibrous tunic is transparent?

Answer 30

cornea

Question 31

Which layer of the Fibrous tunic is opaque

Answer 31

Sclera

Question 32

What is the function of the choroid

Answer 32

Black areas for light absorption

Question 33

What is the function of the ciliary body?

Answer 33

ciliary mm, and ciliary lig. control the shape of the lens

Question 34

What is the function of the iris?

Answer 34

regulate the size of the pupil

Question 35

What are the two portions of the retina

Answer 35

1. visual/optical part that coveres the choroid | 2. Non-visual/ blind part that covers ciliary body and iris

Question 36

Where does the optic nerve begin?

Answer 36

optic disk

Question 37

Where do retinal vessels enter and leave the eye?

Answer 37

the optic disk

Question 38

What is the common term for the optic disk

Answer 38

blind spot

Question 39

What are the 2 chambers of the eye?

Answer 39

1. anterior compartment | 2. posterior compartment

Question 40

Where is the anterior compartment located?

Answer 40

b/t lens and cornea

Question 41

What fill the anterior compartment?

Answer 41

aq. humor

Question 42

What are the two chambers of the anterior compartment, and what separates them?

Answer 42

1. anterior chamber 2. posterior chamber divided by iris

Question 43

Where is the posterior compartment of the eye located?

Answer 43

b/t the lens and fundus

Question 44

What fills the posterior compartment of the eye?

Answer 44

vitreous body

Question 45

What is the function of the vitreous body?

Answer 45

1. intraocular pressure 2. shape of eye 3. prevents retinal detachment

Question 46

What secretes aq. humor

Answer 46

ciliary body epithelium

Question 47

What drains the aq humor?

Answer 47

venous sinuses of the sclera at the iridocorneal angle

Question 48

inc. intraocular pressure

Answer 48

glaucoma

Question 49

What are the 2 intrinsic muscles of the eye?

Answer 49

1. ciliary muscles | 2. pupillary muscles

Question 50

Which intrinsic m. of the eye regulates the shape of the lens?

Answer 50

ciliary m

Question 51

What n. innervates the ciliary mm.

Answer 51

oculomotor n.

Question 52

what are the tow pupillry mm. of the eye?

Answer 52

1. Constrictor pupillae | 2. dilator pupillae

Question 53

What n. innervates the constrictor pupillae m.?

Answer 53

oculomotor n.

Question 54

What n. innervates the dilator pupillae m.?

Answer 54

neuron processes from cranial cervical ganglion

Question 55

What are the 4 roles of the ocular adnexa?

Answer 55

1. protection 2. movement 3. tear production 4. blood supply and innervation

Question 56

A pulley-shaped cartilage that is attached to the dorsomedial wqll of the orbit, and directs the course of the dorsal oblique muscle

Answer 56

trochlea`

Question 57

Which is more developed, lateral or medial palpebral ligaments?

Answer 57

medial

Question 58

What is another name for the eyelid?

Answer 58

palpebral

Question 59

Continuous mucous membrane that lines the inner palpebrae and part of the globe

Answer 59

Conjunctiva

Question 60

What are the two types of conjunctiva?

Answer 60

1. palpebral conjunctiva | 2. bulbar conjunctiva

Question 61

Conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the palpebrae

Answer 61

palpebral

Question 62

Conjunctiva that reflects onto the surface of the globe at the fornix?

Answer 62

Bulbar

Question 63

What is the scientific term for the third eyelid?

Answer 63

plica semilunaris

Question 64

concave fold of palpebral conjunctiva that protrudes from the medial angle of the eye

Answer 64

plica semilunaris

Question 65

What are the two glands of the third eyelid?

Answer 65

1. accesory lacrimal gland | 2. deep gland

Question 66

What is the flow of fluid from the lacrimal gland?

Answer 66

1. lacrimal gland 2. secretion flows over cornea 3. lacrimal lake 4. passes through puncta and into lacrimal canaliculi 5. lacrimal sac 6. drains into nasolacrimal duct 7. dissipated via concection in nasal cavity

Question 67

What are the 3 mm. of the globe

Answer 67

1. Rectus mm. 2. oblique mm. 3. retractor bulbi mm

Question 68

What are the 4 parts of the rectus mm?

Answer 68

1. dorsal rectus 2. ventral rectus 3. lateral rectus 4. medial rectus

Question 69

What are the 2 parts of the oblique mm

Answer 69

Dorsal oblique | ventral oblique

Question 70

Which m. is responsible for retracting the eyeball into the orbit?

Answer 70

retractor bulbi mm.

Question 71

Which m. surrounds the optical n.

Answer 71

retractor bulbi mm.

Question 72

What are the 2 mm. of the palpebrae?

Answer 72

1. levator palpebrae superioris | 2. orbicularis oculi