final exam peripheral neuropathies Flashcards
Characteristics of Peripheral Nerves:
can affect ________ or _______ nerves
can affect both ______ and ______
one or many
sensory and motor
Two types of peripheral neuropathies
mononeuropathies and polyneuropathies
What is the MOST common type of nerve injury affecting the general population?
mononeuropathies
________ have many types of etiologies and DM is the MOST common cause in the USA
polyneuropathies
________ is usually caused by some kind of nerve entrapment
mononeuropathies
What is the MOST common type of mononeuropathy?
Median nerve entrapment
Leprosy is the most common cause world-wide of which neuropathy _______________
polyneuropathies
neuronal degeneration:
degeneration of motor and sensory cell bodies and their subsequent axons
damage to the axon at a specific point below the cell body w/degeneration distal to injury
Wallerian degeneration:
diffuse axonal damage is known as _______________
axonal degeneration
injury to the myelin sheath without injury to the axon
segmental demyelination
What are the 4 ways a nerve is classified when damaged:
neuronal degeneration
Wallerian degeneration
axonal degeneration
segmental demyelination
mononeuropathies:
compressive injuries of the following nerves:
* median C5-T1
* ulnar C8- T1
* radial C5-T1
* femoral L2-L5
* sciatic L4-S3
* fibular L4-S2
* tibial L4-S3
mononeuropathies: common CNs injured -
trigeminal neuralgia (V), bells palsy (VII), ramsay hunt syndrome (VIII)
types of acquired polyneuropathies:
1) autoimmune
2) infectious
3) toxic and metabolic neuropathies
- GBS, CIDP, paraneoplastic neuropathy
- HIV-related polyneuropathies, lyme disease, leprosy
- alcoholic neuropathies, B12, B6 deficiency
types of acquired polyneuropathies associated w/ systematic disease:
diabetic neuropathy, hypothyroidism, RA, sarcoidosis, idiopathic polyneuropathy, critical illness polyneuropathy
heredity polyneuropathies:
Charcot Marie Tooth
__________ nerve implicated in carpal tunnel syndrome, however, can get impinged where along the path
-medical diagnostic test:
-medical management:
median
EMG
carpal tunnel release
PT exam/eval of Median Nerve Pathology:
—test along its entire path: (6)
myotomes
dermatomes
first rib elevated
scalenes compressing
carpal tunnel: phalen’s, tinnels signs
ULNT
PT Intervention: Median Nerve Pathology
–create _______,______,and _______
space, movement, and blood flow
PT Intervention: Median Nerve Pathology
–treat anything that is compressing it (rib, muscle) =
–nerve glides/flossing =
–cardio/aerobic training, bring nutrients to the injured area =
–once the nerve is ready you should strengthen and work on ________
space
movement
blood flow
functional tasks
Piriformis common trap area for which nerve?
sciatic nerve
Sciatic Nerve -medical diagnosis:
physical exam, EMG, MRI
Sciatic Nerve:
-nerve roots
-splits in two separate nerves:
L4-S3
tibial, common fibular
These test should be performed for diagnosis of sciatic nerve pathology:
palpation of piriformis
slump or SLR
PA’s
PT intervention of Sciatic Nerve Deficits
–create _______,______,and _______
space, movement and blood flow