final exam power points Flashcards by britt rank

Psychotic disorder in which the individual experiences:
Delusions
Hallucinations
Disorganized speech/behavior
Catatonic behavior
Negative symptoms

Chronic condition; treatable but not curable

Schizophrenia

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is the potentially fatal complication that can occur when fluids, electrolytes, and carbohydrates are introduced to a severely malnourished client

Refeeding syndrome

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substane abuse is highest in what age ranges

20-29

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Clients who have this disorder exhibit recurrent episodic violent and aggressive behavior with the possibility of
hurting people, property, or animals

Occurs in clients 18 years and older

Includes verbal or physical aggression

Characterized by aggressive overreaction to normal events followed by feelings of shame and regret

Intermittent explosive disorder

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Diazepam, 
carbamazepine
clonidine
chlordiazepoxide
phenobarbital
naltrexone

are all meds used for

alcohol withdrawl

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block dopamine (D2), acetylcholine, histamine, and norepinephrine receptors in the brain and periphery

Inhibition of psychotic symptoms is believed to be a result of DQ blockade in the brain

First-generation antipsychotic medications

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CBC must be checked regularly for the fatal side effect of agranulocytosis with __________

Atypical/2nd Generation

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Reminiscence Therapy
Structured Routine
Cognitive Stimulation
Respite Care
Caregiver Support

are all therapies for

Dementia

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Believes that his body is changing in an unusual way, such as growing a third arm

Somatic delusions:

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are classified as either low-. medium-. or high-potency depending on their association with extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs), level of sedation, and anticholinergic adverse effects

First-generation agents

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Cannot focus at all
Cannot problem solve
‘may hallucinate or have delusions’
Cannot learn, irrational, may feel terror
Exhaustion, behavior erratic, impulsive,
Sleeplessness, severe shakes

Requires immediate intervention

is what type of anxiety

Panic

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Characterized by arrogance, grandiose views of self-importance, the need for consistent admiration, and a lack of empathy for others that strains most relationships: often sensitive to criticism

Narcissistic:

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Autistic Disorder
Rett’s Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (NOS)
Asperger’s Disorder

are all ____________ disorders

Autism Spectrum Disorders

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Stop antipsychotic medication
Monitor vital signs
Apply cooling blankets
Administer antipyretics
Increase the clients fluid intake
Administer medication as prescribed to treat arrhythmia
Assist with immediate transfer to an ICU
Administer dantrolene or bromocriptine to induce muscle relaxation

are all interventions for

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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gradual deterioration of function over months or years

Impairments in memory, judgment, speech (aphasia), ability to recognize familiar objects (agnosia), executive functioning (managing daily tasks), and movement (apraxia);

impairments do not change throughout the day

Level of consciousness is usually unchanged

Restlessness and agitation are common; sun downing can occur

Personality change is gradual

Vital signs are stable unless other illness is present

neurocognitive disorder

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The client avoids answering questions by repeating phrases or behavior This is another unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem when memory has failed

Perseveration:

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Advise clients to observe for indications of infection (fever, sore throat), and to notify the provider if these
occur these may be signs of _________

Agranulocytosis

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No change in LOC
Aphasia
Apraxia
Agnosia
Executive Functioning

Dementia

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Ask open ended questions

Provide calm presence

Evaluate coping mechanisms

Offer activities & methods to relieve tension→teaching (OCD)

Decrease stimuli

are all nursing interventions for _______

moderate anxiety

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Perception that the environment has changed the client believes that objects in her environment are shrinking)

Derealization:

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There is no specific laboratory or diagnostic testing to diagnose ______. Definitive diagnosis cannot be made until autopsy Testing is done to rule out other pathologies that could be mistaken for _____

neurocognitive disorder

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EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION for _______________
• Increased drowsiness and sedation, agitation, slurred speech, uncoordinated motor activity, nystagmus,
disorientation, nausea, vomiting, Respiratory depression and decreased level of consciousness, which can be fatal

• An antidote, flumazenil, available for IV use for benzodiazepine toxicity

sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

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Absence of things that are normally present These manifestations are more difficult to treat successfully

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

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THERAPEUTIC USES:

Negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia

spectrum disorders

Psychosis induced by levodopa therapy

Relief of psychotic manifestations in other disorders, such as bipolar disorder

Impulse control disorders

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

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are used mainly to control positive symptoms of psychotic disorders

First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications

Symptomatology: Use of physical aggression in the violation of the rights of others Manifests in home, school, peer relationships, & community

Conduct Disorder

splitting is commonly associated with _______

borderline personality disorder

Meaningless rhyming of words, often forceful, such as, "Oh fox, box, and lox

Clang association:

Aripiprazole are all what type of medications

Third-generation antipsychotics Used to treat both positive and negative symptoms while improving cognitive function

Clients who have ______ can have calluses or scars on hand (Russell's sign)

bulimia

The client has psychotic manifestations that last 1 day to 1 month in duration

Brief psychotic disorder:

``` Flashbacks of traumatic event High level of anxiety/arousal Numbing of responsiveness Sleep disturbance Mood Concentration Isolation ``` are all signs and symptoms of

PTSD

Made-up words that have meaning only to the client, such as, "I tranged and flittled

Neologisms:

onset: anytime before the age of 18

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Believes that she is all powerful and important, like a god

Grandeur:

Believes that her thoughts are heard by others

Thought broadcasting:

acute stress disorder last for_days to _months anything longer than is considered ______

3 days - 1 month PTSD

Characterized by distrust and suspiciousness toward others based on unfounded beliefs that others want to harm, exploit, or deceive the person

Paranoid:

is a cognitive-behavioral therapy used for clients who exhibit self-injurious behavior It focuses on gradual behavior changes and provides acceptance and validation for these clients

Dialectical behavior therapy

Nonspecific feeling that a person has lost her identity Self is different or unreal

Depersonalization:

Characterized by instability of affect, identity, and relationships, as well as splitting behaviors, manipulation, impulsiveness, and fear of abandonment: often self-injurious and potentially suicidal: ideas of reference are common: often accompanied by impulsivity

Borderline:

Intoxication euphoria, impaired judgment, confusion, vital signs Increased motor activity, SEVERE vasoconstriction leading to MI

Stimulants

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of _________ Craving, depression, fatigue, sleeping • Not life-threatening

amphetamines

CNS Stimulants: Dextroamphetamine Sulfate (Dexodrine), Desoxyn, Lisdexamphetamine (Vyvanse), Dextroamphetamine (Adderall), Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin) Alpha Agonist: Clonidine (Catapres), Guanfacine (Tenex, Intuniv) Miscellaneous: Amoxitine (Strattera), Buproprion (Wellbutrin) are all drugs that can be used with

ADHD

This tool will give the nurse information regarding the clients ability to perform self- care, extent of the clients memory loss, mood changes, and the degree of danger to self and/or others

Functional Dementia Scale

type of hallucination that: Experiencing tastes

Gustatory:

The client can make up stones when questioned about events or activities that she does not remember This can seem like lying, but it is actually an unconscious attempt to save self-esteem and prevent admitting that she does not remember the occasion

Confabulation:

Rapid weight loss or weight loss of greater than 30% of body weight over 6 months Vital signs demonstrating heart rate less than 40/rnin, systolic blood pressure less than 70 mm Hg body temperature less than 36.0 C F) ECG changes Electrolyte disturbances Psychiatric criteria: severe depression, suicidal behavior, family crisis, or psychosis

criteria for acute care

demonstrate a persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or rules and norms of society Categories of conduct disorder include the following: Aggression to people and animals Destruction of property Deceitfulness or theft Serious violations of rules Childhood-onset develops before the age of 10, with males being more prevalent Adolescent-onset occurs after the age of 10 The ratio of males-to-females is equal in the adolescent stage

Conduct disorder (childhood or adolescent onset)

type of hallucination that: Hearing voices or sounds

Auditory:

``` Psychiatric disorders, previous attempt Gender Intoxication, substance abuse isolation age Chronic medical illness Access to firearms Hx of trauma, loss ``` are all risk factors for ____

suicide

4 types of therapies for PTSD

Individual Psychotherapy CBT Desensitization Therapy EMDR

stage of alzheimers where * Losing ability to converse with others * Assistance required for ADLs * Incontinence Losing awareness of one's environment * Progressing difficulty with physical abilities (walking, sitting, and eventually swallowing) * Eventually losses all ability to move: can develop stupor and coma * Death frequently related to choking or infection

Severe Alzheimer's (late stage)

Benzodiazepines Anticonvulsants Multivitamin Thiamine are all used with

Alcohol Withdrawal

stage of alzheimers where ``` Memory lapses Losing or misplacing items Difficulty concentrating and organizing Unable to remember material just read Still able to perform ADLs Short-term memory loss noticeable to close relations ```

Mild Alzheimer's (early stage)

The client experiences psychosis due to substance intoxication or withdrawal However, the psychotic manifestations are more severe than typically expected

Substance-induced psychotic disorder:

Involuntary movements of the tongue and face, such as lip smacking and tongue fasciculations Involuntary movements of the arms, legs, and trunk chewing motion facial dyskinesia are all symptoms of ______

Tardive dyskinesia

Common problem associated with hospitalization of older adult client Caused secondary to another medical condition, such as infection, malnutrition, depression, electrolyte imbalance or substance use Postoperative causes can include withdrawal from illegal substances or alcohol, or impaired respiratory function Primary step to resolve is to determine the underlying causa

delerium

type of hallucination that: Feeling bodily sensations

Tactile:

Behaviors associated with ADHD must be present prior to age ___ and must be present in more than one setting to be diagnosed as ADHD Behaviors associated with ADHD can receive negative attention from adults and peers

Inability to sit or stand still Continual pacing and agitation restless are all symptoms of __________

Akathisia

Symptomatology: Passive-aggressive behavior, tests limits, running away Begins with opposition toward parents>others over time Problem is not with them, but with others

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

The abuser has minor episodes of anger and can be verbally abusive and responsible for some minor physical violence The vulnerable person is tense during this stage and tends to accept the blame for what is happening

tension building phase

The client uses self-induced vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, and/or enemas to lose or maintain weight

• Purging

Heightened perception Can problem solve Mild tension relieving behaviors Daily life is what type of anxiety

mild

Clients recurrently eat large quantities of food over a short period of time without the use of compensatory behaviors associated with bulimia nervosa At least once per week for 3 months most common in adults age 46 to 55

Binge eating disorder

``` Vital signs increased Disorientation Visual/tactile hallucinations Hyper-excitability to lethargy Agitation ``` are all signs of

Delirium Tremens with alcohol

Obsession part of OCD is ______based | Compulsive piece of OCD is_______ based

thought behavior

a disorder with onset during the developmental period that includes intellectual/adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.

Intellectual Disability:

Diazepam Alprazolam Lorazepam Clonazepam are all what type of meds

Benzodiazepines

It is a gross disorganization of the personality, a marked disturbance in reality testing and impairment of interpersonal functioning and relationship to the external world.

Psychosis

The client repeats the words spoken to him

Echolalia:

according to the DSM5 what are the 6 types of psychotic disorders

``` Brief Psychotic Disorder Schizophreniform Disorder (acute) Schizophrenia Delusional Disorder Schizoaffective Disorder Substance-induced psychotic Disorder ```

The client exhibits psychotic features such as impaired reality testing or bizarre behavior (psychotic) or a significant change in motor activity behavior (catatonic) but does not meet criteria for diagnosis with another specific psychotic disorder

Psychotic or catatonic disorder not otherwise specified:

Delirium Mild neurocognitive disorder (NCO) Major neurocognitive disorder (commonly known as dementia are all ____________

Cognitive disorders

Characterized by odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, an eccentric appearance, and magical thinking or perceptual distortions that are not clear delusions or hallucinations

Schizotypal:

Treatment of acute and chronic psychotic disorders Schizophrenia spectrum disorders Bipolar disorder: primarily the manic phase Tourette disorder Agitation Prevention of nausea/vomiting through blocking of dopamine in the chemoreceptor trigger zone of the medulla

First-generation antipsychotic medications

Characterized by social inhibition and avoidance of all situations that require interpersonal contact, despite wanting close relationships, due to extreme fear of rejection: often very anxious in social situations

Avoidant:

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications moderate EPSs, moderate sedation, and low anticholinergic adverse effects

Medium potency:

``` Sudden Hyperthermia Rigidity Mental Status changes Tachycardia, tachypnea, elevated BP diaphoresis drooling coma ```

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

The client has psychotic thinking or behavior present for at least 6 months Areas of functioning, including school or work, self-care, and interpersonal relationships, are significantly impaired

Schizophrenia:

* Treat with an antiparkinsonian agents such as benztropine * 1M or IV administration diphenhydramine can also be beneficial * Stay with the client and monitor the airway until spasms subside (usually 5 to 15 min) are all nursing considertions for _______

Acute dystonia

decreased response to stimuli and a tendency to remain in an immobile posture.

waxy flexibility

Side Effects: EPS Anticholinergic NMS

Typical Antipsychotics/First Generation

A substance use disorder involves repeated use of chemical substances, leading to clinically significant impairment during a ____-month period

anti psychotic medication that: ``` More expensive Less side effects (overall) Newer meds Weight Gain Target both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia ```

Atypical/2nd Generation

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of ___________ Depression, fatigue, craving, excess sleeping or insomnia, dramatic unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation, agitation Not life-threatening, but possible occurrence of suicidal ideation

cocaine

Blessed Dementia scale

This tool provides the nurse with client behavioral information based on an interview with a secondary source, such as a clients family member

Characterized by perfectionism with a focus on orderliness and control to the extent that the individual might not be able to accomplish a given task

Obsessive-Compulsive:

Lack of pleasure or joy The client is indifferent to things that often make others happy, such as looking at beautiful scenery

Anhedonia

ADVERSE EFFECTS: GI effects: Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Bradycardia, syncope

Cholinesterase inhibitor medications

Symptomatology: Clinging behavior, tantrums, crying, screaming, complaints of physical problems, shadowing, specific phobias, & depressed mood

Separation Anxiety Disorder

Alcohol withdrawal delirium can occur ____-____days after cessation of alcohol This is considered a medical emergency Manifestations include severe disorientation, psychotic manifestations (hallucinations), severe hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, and delirium Alcohol withdrawal delirium can progress to death

2 to 3

if on Benzodiazepines and abruplty stop what could happen?

you could have a seizure and die

Characterized by disregard for others with exploitation, lack of empathy, repeated unlawful actions, deceit, and failure to accept personal responsibility: sense of entitlement, manipulative, impulsive, and seductive: nonadherence to traditional morals and values: verbally charming and engaging

Antisocial:

is a subtype of NCD that is neurodegenerative, resulting in the gradual impairment of cognitive function. It is the most common type of major NCD

Alzheimer's disease (AD)

Clients who have a __________ exhibit one or more of the following common pathological personality characteristics: Inflexibility/maladaptive responses to stress Compulsiveness and lack of social restraint Inability to emotionally connect in social and professional relationships Tendency to provoke interpersonal conflict Ability to merge personal boundaries with others

personality disorder

Severe spasm of the tongue, neck, face, and back facial grimacing invoulantary upward eye movement are all symptoms of ________

Acute dystonia

Believes that her thoughts have been removed from her mind by an outside agency

Thought withdrawal:

Feels singled out for harm by others being hunted down by the FBI)

Persecution:

Avoid deny/arguing Discuss your observation Assess for command, client needs are all Therapeutic Guidelines for ___________

Hallucinations

Social withdrawal, lack of emotion, lack of energy, flattened affect, decreased motivation, decreased pleasure in activities

NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS

Narrowed perception, ‘selective inattention’ Can problem solve, defense mechanisms used Restless, irritable, Increased physical s/s – pulse, h/a, GI, shaking, GU is what type of anxiety

Moderate

Focus on 1 detail or many scattered Cannot problem solve ‘sense of impending doom’ More s/s “Fight or flight” is what type of anxiety

Severe

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of _________ • Mild toxicity: dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision • Severe effects: hallucinations, seizures, extreme fever, tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, possible cardiovascular collapse and death

cocaine

The client experiences delusional thinking for at least 1 month Self or interpersonal functioning is not markedly impaired

Delusional disorder

complex neurodevelopmental disorder thought to be of genetic origin with a wide spectrum of behaviors affecting an individual's ability to communicate and interact with other Cognitive and language development are typically delayed Characteristic behaviors include inability to maintain eye contact, repetitive actions, and strict observance of routines more common in boys than girls

Autism spectrum disorder

Methadone substitution, clonidine, buprenorphine, naltrexone, levo-alpha-acetylmethadol are all meds used for

Opioid withdrawal:

Low blood pressure with possible orthostatic hypotension Decreased pulse and body temperature body weight of less than 85% of expected normal fine, downy hair (lanugo) on the face and back yellowed skin: mottled, cool extremities: and poor skin turgor Dental erosion and caries (if the client is purging) amenorrhea constipation

anorexia

Paranoid: Schizoid: Schizotypal: are all ___________ personality disorders

Cluster A (odd or eccentric traits)

Lack of energy

anergia

Restlessness, anxiety, motor agitation, and fluctuating moods are common Personality change Some perceptual disturbances can be present, such as hallucinations and illusion Change in reality can cause fear, panic, and anger Can cause vital signs to become unstable requiring intervention Should be considered a medical emergency

delerium

``` Decrease stimuli Reality orientation Assess for SI Calm demeanor Short statements Ensure personal needs met (food, rest etc.) Medication (scheduled or prn) Vital signs ``` are all nursing interventions for ______

PTSD

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of _______ Abstinence syndrome begins with sweating and rhinorrhea progressing to piloerection (gooseflesh), tremors, and irritability followed by severe weakness, diarrhea, fever, insomnia, pupil dilation, nausea and vomiting, pain in the muscles and bones, and muscle spasms 8-24 hours Withdrawal is very unpleasant but not life-threatening

opioids

The client can compensate for binge eating through other means, such as excessive exercise and the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, and/or enemas

Nonpurging type

``` Decrease stimuli Reality orientation Calm demeanor; Firm, short statements Ensure personal needs met (food, rest etc.) Medication (scheduled or prn) Vital signs ``` are all nursing interventions for _____________

Severe to Panic level of anxiety

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications low EPSs, high sedation, and high anticholinergic adverse effects

Low potency:

Clients recurrently eat large quantities of food over a short period of time (binge eating), which can be followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting (purging), to rid the body of the excess calories

Bulimia nervosa

``` Psychostimulant drugs (methylphenidate and amphetamine salts) and nonstimulant selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine) ``` are good for _____

ADHD

The situation is defused for a while after the violent episode The abuser becomes loving, promises to change, and is sorry for the behavior The vulnerable person wants to believe this and hopes for a change Eventually, the cycle begins again

honeymoon phase

``` age: any age Event: trauma, violence, rape, witness to traumatic event Occupation: nurses, police, military Family history: Repeat exposure ``` are all risk factors for

PTSD

These antipsychotic agents work mainly by blocking serotonin, and to a lesser degree, dopamine receptors These medications also block receptors for norepinephrine, histamine, and acetylcholine

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

Characterized by emotional attention-seeking behavior, in which the person needs to be the center of attention: often seductive and flirtatious

Histrionic:

``` Bradykinesia Shuffling gait Drooling Tremors stooped posture rigidity pill rolling moion ``` are all symptoms of _________

Pseudoparkinsonism

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of _________ Slurred speech, impaired memory, pupillary changes Decreased respirations and level of consciousness, which can cause death Maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes, including impaired judgment or social functioning • An antidote, naloxone, available for IV use to relieve effects of overdose

opioids

The client has intellectual deficits with mental abilities such as reasoning, abstract thinking, academic learning, and learning from prior experience impaired ability to maintain personal independence and social responsibility, including activities of daily living, social participation, and the need for ongoing support at school

Intellectual developmental disorder

Misconstrues trivial events and attaches personal significance to them, such as believing that others, who are discussing the next meal, are talking about him

• Ideas of reference:

Focus on the feeling Do not agree/support delusions Avoid arguing Matter of fact approach are all Therapeutic Guidelines for ___________

Delusions

death can occur in alcohol levels greater than ____

0.4% or 400g/dL

puroposeful imitation of movements made by others

echopraxia

Characterized by emotional detachment, disinterest in close relationships, and indifference to praise or criticism: often uncooperative

Schizoid:

Poverty of thought or speech The client might sit with a visitor but only mumble or respond vaguely to questions

Alogia

Chewing sugarless gum Sipping on water Avoiding hazardous activities Wearing sunglasses when outdoors Eating foods high in fiber Participating in regular exercise Maintaining fluid intake of 2 to 3 L/day from beverages and food sources Voiding just before taking medication are all strategies to decrease _____________

anticholinergic effects

Believes that others' thoughts are being inserted into his mind

Thought insertion:

Characterized by extreme dependency in a close relationship with an urgent search to find a replacement when one relationship ends

Dependent:

used to treat depression in patients who have psychotic disorders

paroxetine

Involves the inability of a person to control behaviors requiring sustained attention Inattention is evidenced by a difficulty in paying attention, listening, and focusing Hyperactivity is evidenced by fidgeting, an inability to sit still, running and climbing inappropriately, difficulty with playing quietly, and talking excessively Impulsivity is evidenced by difficulty waiting for turns, constantly interrupting others, and acting without the consideration of consequence•

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and antipsychotic medications (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and aripiprazole) are good for _______

Autism spectrum disorders:

Believes his actions or thoughts are able to control a situation or affect others, such as wearing a certain hat makes him invisible to others

Magical thinking:

``` Risperidone Olanzapine Quetiapine Ziprasidone Clozapine Aripiprazole ``` are all what type of medications

Second-generation/atypical antipsychotics used to treat positive and negative symptoms

Risperidone Risperdal, Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Ziprasidone, (Geodon), Aripiprazole (Abilify) Quetiapine (Seroquel) can be used in the treatment of

Conduct Disorder

type of hallucination that: Seeing persons or things

Visual:

are Benzodiazepines used for short term or long term use?

short term

dry mouth confusion constipation urinary retention are all symptomes of __________ effects

Anticholinergic Effects

The client has manifestations similar to schizophrenia, but the duration is 1 to 6 months, and social/occupational dysfunction might not be present

Schizophreniform disorder:

Symptomatology: inability to maintain eye contact; repetitive actions; and strict observance of routines; withdrawal of child into the self and into a fantasy world of his or her creation; marked abnormal impairment of social interaction and communication skills; marked restricted repertoire of activity and interest

Autism Spectrum Disorders

_________________ should be used with caution in clients who have pre-existing asthma or other obstructive pulmonary disorder. Bronchoconstriction can be caused by an increase of acetylcholine

Cholinesterase inhibitors

The client has impairments of personality (self and interpersonal) functioning However, impairment is not as severe as with schizophrenia

Schizotypal personality disorder

Confusion Assessment Method (CAM): Neelon/Champagne (NEECHAM) Confusion Scale: is for ________

For delirium

Withdrawal fatigue, sleep disturbances, ↑ appetite, headache, irritability, muscle pain/stiffness, N/V, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, restlessness,

Stimulants

type of ADHD that: Cant sit still

Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive

rapid onset over a a short period of time (hours- days) Impairments in memory, judgment, ability to focus, and ability to calculate, Which can fluctuate throughout the day Disorientation and confusion often worse at night and early Level of consciousness is usually altered and can rapidly fluctuate

delerium

Associative looseness The client might say sentence after sentence, but each sentence can relate to a different topic, and the listener is unable to follow the clients thoughts

Flight of ideas:

``` metabolic syndrome orthostatic hypotension anticholinergic effects elevated prolactin levels sexual dysfunction mild eps aggitation, dizziness, sedation ``` are all complications of ________

Antipsychotics: Second- and third-generation (atypical)

This disorder is characterized by a recurrent pattern of the following antisocial behavior: ``` Negativity Disobedience Defiant behaviors (especially toward authority figures) Stubbornness Argumentativeness Limit testing Unwillingness to compromise Refusal to accept responsibility for misbehavior ```

Oppositional defiant disorder

Change in LOC Hallucinations, delusions Fluctuating symptoms Medical emergency

Delirium

Cognitive deficits are not related to another mental health disorder Advanced age is the biggest risk factor Other causes include genetics, sedentary lifestyle, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes Subtypes of neurocognitive disorder can be related to: Alzheimer's disease Traumatic brain injury Parkinson's disease Other disorders affecting the neurological system irreversible

neurocognitive disorder

Manifestation of things that are not normally present These are the most easily identified manifestations

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

what is the treatment for Tardive dyskinesia

there is none

Clients who have this disorder exhibit recurrent temper outbursts that are severe and do not correlate with situation Temper outbursts are present three or more times per week and are observable by others, such as parents, peers, and teachers, in at least by settings, such as home and school

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS): | Used for clients in ______ care settings

long-term

stage of alzheimers where Forgetting events of one's own history Difficulty performing tasks that require planning and organizing (paying bills, managing money) Difficulty with complex mental arithmetic Personality and behavioral change appearing withdrawn or subdued, especially in social or mentally challenging situations: compulsive: repetitive actions Changes in sleep patterns Can wander and get lost Can be incontinent Clinical findings that are noticeable to others

Moderate Alzheimer's (middle stage)

4 types of medications for anxiety are

Anxiolytics Antidepressants SSRI Sedative-Hypnotic Sleep Agents

Antisocial: Borderline: Histrionic: Narcissistic: are all ___________ personality disorders

Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic traits)

The clients disorder meets the criteria for both schizophrenia and depressive or bipolar disorder

Schizoaffective disorder:

Predisposing Factors: Genetic Factors Disruptions in Embryonic Development- account for 30% of cases Pregnancy and Perinatal Factors- account for 10% of cases (fetal malnutrition, viral/other infections, prematurity) General Medical Conditions Acquired in Infancy or Childhood- 5% of cases Sociocultural Factors and Other Mental Disorders- 15-20% of cases

Intellectual Disability:

Avoidant: Dependent: Obsessive-Compulsive: are all ___________ personality disorders

Cluster C (anxious or fearful traits; insecurity and inadequacy)

Risperidone (Risperdal)- 5-16/Aripiprazole (Abilify) 6-17 Target: Agitation/deliberate self-injury/Tantrums/Rapid mood swings can be used to help treat

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Clients who have _______ can have enlargement of the parotid glands

bulimia

with First-generation (conventional) antipsychotic medications high EPSs, low sedation, and low anticholinergic adverse effects

High potency:

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS of __________ Manifestations include abdominal cramping: vomiting: tremors: restlessness and inability to sleep: increased heart rate: transient hallucinations or illusions: anxiety: increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, and temperature: and tonic-colonic seizure.

alcohol

the inability to incorporate positive and negative aspects of oneself or others into a whole image

splitting

Risk factors for ________ include physiological changes, including neurological (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease): metabolic (hepatic or renal failure, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional deficiencies): and cardiovascular and respiratory diseases: infections (HIV/AIDS): surgery: and substance use or withdrawal

delirium

: Antipsychotropics Haloperidol (Haldol)/Pimozide (Orap)- Motor and vocal tics can be used in the treatment of

Tourette’s

3 main therapies for anxiety disorder are

Individual Psychotherapy CBT Desensitization Therapy

Onset: Childhood <10 years or Adolescence >10 years Childhood onset is greater in males; Adolescent onset s equal in male/female

Conduct Disorder

Advise the client to avoid over-the-counter medications that contain anticholinergic agents, such as sleep aids and antihistamin Advise the client to avoid alcohol and other medications that cause CNS depression Advise the client to avoid hazardous activities, such as driving Advise the client to avoid concurrent use of levodopa and other direct dopamine receptor agonists

First-generation antipsychotic medications

• Persistent energy intake restriction leading to significantly low body weight in context of age, sex, developmental path, and physical health • Fear of gaining weight or becoming fat Disturbance in self-perceived weight or shape

Anorexia nervosa

The individual drastically restricts food intake and does not binge or purge

Restricting type

Disturbance of consciousness and a change in cognition that develops over a short period of time, reversible Major Causes: Substance Induced Substance Withdrawal Infection

Delirium

This type of disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety when a child is separated from or anticipating separation from home or parents The anxiety can develop into a school phobia or phobia of being left alone

Separation anxiety disorder

Is obsessed with religious beliefs

Religiosity:

Progressive deterioration in intellectual functioning, judgment, memory, ability to problem solve, and learning new skills despite being in a state of full alertness Irreversible, gradual onset

Dementia

related to behavior, thought, perception, and speech: Agitation, bizarre behavior, delusions, hallucinations, flight of ideas, loose associations

POSITIVE SYMPTOMS

type of hallucination that: The voice instructs the client to perform an action, such as to hurt self or others

Command:

EFFECTS OF INTOXICATION of __________ * Impaired judgment, psychomotor agitation, hyper-vigilance, extreme irritability * Acute cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, elevated blood pressure), which could cause death

amphetamines

onset Between the ages of 8 and no later than adolescence Comorbidities include: ADHD, Anxiety Disorders, & Mood Disorder More prevalent in boys than girls before puberty; rates are about equal after puberty

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Symptomatology: Inattention: Difficulty paying attention, listening, and focusing Hyperactivity: Fidgeting, in ability to sit still, running and climbing inappropriately, difficulty playing quietly, and talking excessively Impulsivity: difficulty waiting for turn, constantly interrupting others, acting without consideration of consequences

ADHD

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine): mood stabilizers (lithium): antipsychotics (clozapine and haloperidol): beta blockers

Intermittent explosive disorder:

Repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated Physical aggression is common and peer relationships are disturbed

Conduct Disorder

maternal rubella fragile x syndrome down syndrome TB can be considered influences for

Autism Spectrum Disorders

Characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, tics can occur simultaneously or at different periods of the illness. Onset can be as early as 2 years, but commonly 6-7 years More common in boys than girls Can be lifelong, but usually diminish in adolescence and adulthood (can disappear all together in early adulthood in some cases)

Tourette’s Disorder

anti psychotic medication that: ``` Less expensive More side effects Older meds Violence/aggression Target positive symptoms of schizophrenia ```

Typical/1st Generation

3 medications given to patients with Dementia

Donepezil Memantine Haldoperidol

type of ADHD that: Inability to focus

Predominantly Inattentive

These medications are contraindicated in clients who are in a coma or have Parkinson's disease, liver damage, or severe hypotension

First-generation antipsychotic medications

opposition in ages : 10-11 months, 18-36 months, & adolescence is

Normal opposition

Symptomatology: Motor tics – Head, torso, upper/lower limbs Simple – blinking, neck jerking, shoulder shrugging, or facial grimacing Complex – squatting, hopping, skipping, tapping, or retracing steps Vocal Tics – Various words of sounds Simple – squeaks, grunts, barks, sniffs, snorts, or coughts Complex – Obscenities

Tourette’s Disorder

Disulfiram Acamprosate Naltrexone SSRIs are all used with

Alcohol Abuse Disorder

4 types of medications for PTSD

Anxiolytics Antidepressants SSRI Sedative-Hypnotic Sleep Agents

Effects of excess of _________ Slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, altered judgment, decreased motor skills, decreased level of consciousness (which can include stupor or coma), respiratory arrest, peripheral collapse, and death (with large doses) Chronic use: Direct cardiovascular damage, liver damage (ranging from fatty liver to cirrhosis), erosive gastritis and gastrointestinal bleeding, acute pancreatitis, sexual dysfunction

alcohol

``` GAD Panic Disorder Phobias Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder ``` are all types of _________

anxiery disorders

The tension becomes too much to bear, and serious abuse takes place The vulnerable person can try to cover up the injury or try to get help

acute battering phase

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior must be present for at least six months and be exhibited in interaction with at least one person that is not a sibling Angry/Irritable Mood Argumentative/Defiant Behavior Vindictiveness

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

type of hallucination that: Smelling odors

Olfactory:

Persistent pattern of angry mood and defiant behavior Interferes with social , educational , occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are all __________ In some clients, these medications improve the ability to perform self-care and slow cognitive deterioration of Alzheimer's disease in the mild to moderate stages

Cholinesterase inhibitor medications

Haloperidol Loxapine Chlorpromazine Fluphenazine are all what type of medications

First-generation/conventional antipsychotics mainly used to treat positive symptoms

Lack of motivation in activities and hygiene For example, the client completes an assigned task, such as making his bed, but is unable to start the next common chore without prompting

Avolition:

WITHDRAWAL MANIFESTATIONS for __________ Anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, hypertension, possible psychotic reactions, hand tremors, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations or illusions, psychomotor agitation, and possible seizure activity

sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics

Words jumbled together with little meaning or significance to the listener, such as, "Hip hooray, the flip is cast and wide-sprinting in the forest

Word salad: