Final Exam Questions Flashcards

(180 cards)

1
Q

Where is the thumb placed in the modified pen grasp?

A

midway between the middle and index fingers on the opposite side of the handle

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2
Q

What are the types of grasps when dental assisting

A

modified-pen/pen grasp and palm thumb grasp

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3
Q

What things break down glove integrity

A

petroleum jelly/vaseline, alcohol based products (like hand sanitizer), washing with soap and water

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4
Q

What ASA classification is a patient with sever systemic disease that is a constant threat to life.

A

ASA IV

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5
Q

the dental assistants chair should be positioned how heigh in comparison to the operator

A

4-6 in higher

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6
Q

Identify the condition that causes this to happen to the hands (a photo of the hand where it looks like it is sprinkling salt)

A

hyperventilation

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7
Q

carpal spasm (picture) is what?

A

hyperventilation

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8
Q

what is syncope

A

a transient loss of consciousness due to hypoperfusion of the brain

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9
Q

how is syncope characterized

A

by RAPID onset and SPONTANEOUS resolution

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10
Q

what are signs of syncope

A

pallor, nausea, sweating, bradycardia, and rapid fall in blood pressure

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11
Q

syncope is usually evoked by

A

by emotional stress associated with fear or pain

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12
Q

how long does complete recovery from syncope take

A

24 hrs

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13
Q

late syncope manifestations

A

yawning, difficulty breathing, pupillary dilation, cold hands and feet, dizziness, loss of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of syncope

A

vasovagal syncope

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15
Q

what arteries can you find the pulse with

A

brachial, radial, carotid

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16
Q

what is a common cause of syncope

A

orthostatic hypotension

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17
Q

Beating first heard (systolic) and beating stops (diastolic)

A

Korotkoff sound

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18
Q

what is the correct order of donning

A

gown, mask, glasses, gloves

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18
Q

In what region would you take blood pressure?

A

Antecubital fossa

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19
Q

what is the correct order of doffing

A

gloves, gown, glasses, mask

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20
Q

what are disadvantages of using chemical vapor as your sterilization method

A

-Adequate ventilation is needed; cannot use in a small room.
-Slight odor, which is rarely objectionable

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21
Q

“Reusable” impression trays would have what Spaulding classification?

A

semi-critical

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22
Q

what is the main cause of musculoskeletal disorders in dentistry

A

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)

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23
Q

what is theorized to be the primary cause of disability among dentists and best describes how injury develop in dentistry

A

CTDs

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24
What are the most common CTDs
chronic low back pain, tension neck syndrome, trapezius myalgia, rotator cuff impingement, carpal tunnel syndrome
25
what are contributing factors for work-related MSDs
routine exposure to: Forceful hand exertions Repetitive movements Fixed or awkward postures Vibrating tools
26
what are Dental Ergonomic Equipment
Operator stools Patient chairs Magnification/Loupes Lighting systems
27
what are the three Ps to fitness in the operatory
posture, positioning, periodic stretching
28
what levels of disinfectants do we use at UMKC
intermediate level disinfectants and surface disinfectants
29
what type of infection is not found in the mouth
parasitic
30
what are the three types of sterilization
heat, filtration, radiation
31
what is the most common form of sterilization
heat
32
In healthcare facilities, sterilization is carried out by what 2 methods?
physical and chemical
33
what is not intended to be used as a sole or primary method of sterilization
flash sterilization
33
what are the primary sterilizing methods
steam under pressure and dry heat
34
what is the chain of infection
a source or reservoir a susceptible host a mode of transmission
35
factors that can influence a persons level of susceptibility
age, physical conditions, medications, underlying medical conditions, and immunizations
36
what are aerosols
liquid or solid particles less than 50 micrometers in diameter
37
what are the vital signs
temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure
38
if temperature is taken incorrectly will it read lower or higher
lower
39
What is the most amount of pressure in the heart?
systolic
40
Incubation stage of infection
the time between exposure to a pathogenic organism, and when signs and symptoms are first apparent
41
Prodromal stage of infection
he period between the appearance of initial symptoms and the full development. Early signs and symptoms of a disease appear but not yet clinically specific or severe
42
Acute or Period of Illness stage of infection
the signs and symptoms of the disease are most obvious, specific and severe
43
Convalescent or Decline stage of infection
number of pathogens begin to decrease, and the signs and symptoms of illness decline. However, during this period, patients may become susceptible to developing secondary infections because their immune systems have been weakened by the primary infection.
44
Primary way to remove microbes before sterilization?
sanitation
45
a mirror would be what Spaulding classification
semi-critical
46
an explorer would be what Spaulding classification
critical
47
what are universal precautions
all blood and body fluids contaminated with blood were to be treated as infectious
48
what are standard precautions
apply not only to contact with blood and body fluids contaminated with blood, but to contact with all other potentially infectious materials regardless of suspected or confirmed presence of an infectious agent.
49
what is administrative control and give an example
The policies, procedures, and enforcement measures targeted at reducing the risk of occupational exposure to infectious persons Ex: postponing non-emergency treatment of patients suspected of having active COVID
50
what are examples of OSHA regulated waste
- Blood or other potentially infectious material (OPIM) in liquid or semi-liquid state - Items caked w/ dried blood or OPIM that may release it - Contaminated sharps - Pathological /microbiologic waste w/ blood or OPIM
51
One hand method of recapping needles and replacing sharps container is an example of
Work-Practice
52
what are pros to dry heat sterilization
-Doesn’t dull cutting edges -doesnt cause rust
53
what are cons to dry heat sterilization
-poor penetration -handpieces won’t tolerate -long wait time
54
What is the principal agent for heat-sensitive instruments used for sterilization?
Germicides
55
what is regulated waste at UMKC
solid waste that is soaked or saturated with blood or saliva
56
how often should spore testing be done
weekly
57
why is it good practice to change the location of the spore test each week
to help identify any "cold spots" in the sterilizer
58
ASA IV
A patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. Recent (less than 3 months) MI (myocardial infarction) heart attack, TIA ( transient ischemic attack) “mini stroke”
59
ASA V
A moribund patient who is not expected to survive 24 hours without an operation
60
if the blood pressure cuff is too tight
the reading will be elevated
61
if the blood pressure cuff is too loose
the reading will be lower
62
splash and splatter
mixture of air, water, and/or solid substances larger than 50 micrometers in diameter and are visible to the naked eye
63
aerosols
liquid or solid particles less than 50 micrometers in diameter.
64
droplets
are airborne particles of moisture greater than 5- unit microns that may contain potentially infectious pathogens and is generally limited to within 3 feet of the source
65
When taking a periapical radiograph, which anatomical features should you capture?
a. Crown b. Root of tooth (including the apex) c. Surrounding bone
66
When taking a bitewing radiograph, what anatomical features should be captured?
a. Crown b. Alveolar bone support d. Interproximal contacts
67
The number one reason people avoid the dentist is?
fear
68
The strongest predictor of dental anxiety is _______, while the weakest predictor is ______.
b. Attitude towards dentists; annual income
69
What is the proper sequence for reducing anxiety in children in a dental setting?
Tell-show-do
70
What are ways to reduce anxiety in patients?
Use N2O2 or oral sedatives Schedule AM appointments
71
Which is not a MAJOR risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Stress
72
Dyspnea is usually due to...
COPH and asthma
73
The most common cause of congestive heart failure is...
Coronary heart disease
74
Adrenal insufficiency symptoms include
a. Tiredness b. Weakness c. Poor healing
75
A child who has asthma attacks 3-5 times/week that last for 30 minutes to several hours has...
Moderate asthma
76
Those with asthma should avoid...
a. Aspirin b. Naproxen
77
Type I diabetes is _____ common than type II diabetes and is considered insulin _______.
a. Less; dependent
78
Type I diabetes usually involves childhood onset whereas Type II diabetes typically develops in adulthood.
True
79
Hyperthyroidism symptoms...
a. Thin b. Hand tremor c. Tachycardia d. Exopthalmos
80
Hypothyroidism symptoms include all except...
Hypotension
81
Symptoms indicative of leukemia include...
Abnormal WBC count
82
Cushing’s disease is a result of ______ steroid levels and Addison’s disease is a result of _____ steroid levels.
High; low
83
Which of the following is characterized by a butterfly-shaped erythematous rash and polyarthritis?
SLE
84
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Extrinsic asthma?
Can be induced by psychological and physiological stress
85
What is NOT an example of an autoimmune disease?
Type 2 diabetes
86
what are examples autoimmune diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis Hyperthyroidism Sjorgen’s syndrome
87
What is a healthy INR score range for those patients on blood thinners?
2-3
88
Select the 2 choices that are characterized by an enlargement of their parotid glands
Excess alcohol use Sjorgen syndrome
89
A1c measures which of the following?
Average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months
90
This is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by REVERSIBLE episodes of increased airway hyperresponsiveness
asthma
91
(T/F) You need to get the medical history of all patients, even if they appear healthy
true
92
What is the “Triad” in triad asthmatics?
a. Asthma b. Nasal polyps that recur c. Sensitivity to aspirin and NSAIDs
93
Are you hypo or hyperglycemic in diabetes mellitus?
Hyperglycemic
94
What type of diabetes is insulin-dependent?
Type 1 diabetes
95
What type of diabetes have an abrupt onset?
Type 1
96
What type of diabetes have a slow onset?
Type 2
97
What kind of respiration patterns do you get in diabetic ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul’s respiration
98
Diabetic ketoacidosis is rare in people with what type of diabetes?
Type 2
99
Do you get “fruity-smelling breath” and “Kussmaul’s breathing” in hyper or hypo-glycemia?
Hyperglycemia
100
Mood swings, tachycardia, lethargy, and nausea are symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia?
Hypoglycemia
101
If you fast (8-12 hours), your glucose level will be
80-130 mg/dL
102
Hyperglycemia and periodontitis are
Bidirectional
103
For an allergic reaction to occur, the patient must have been previously exposed to the
Antigen
104
What is the single most modifiable risk for cardiovascular disease?
smoking
105
What happens in orthopnea?
Difficulty breathing when lying down
106
What is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes?
Coronary heart disease
107
Not a side effect of nitroglycerine
pallor
108
When can you have elective dental treatment after MI?
2 months after
109
three times a week
tid
110
What can you give asthmatics:
Valium, O2, NO2, epi
111
What 3 things can chest pain cause?
Angna pectoris Hyperventiliation c. Acute M.I
112
What is the most common thing chest pain causes?
angna pectoris
113
Can stable or unstable angina pectoris be relieved with the use of nitroglycerin?
Stable angina
114
Side effects of nitroglcyerin?
Headache Tachycardia Flushing d. Hypotension
115
Is COPD fully reversible?
no
116
COPD encompasses what 2 main diseases?
Chronic bronchitis Emphysema
117
Is rheumatic fever an autoimmune disease or not?
Autoimmune disease
118
What are some signs of adrenal insufficiency?
Orthostatic hypotension Tired-fatigues Weak Inability to tolerate stress Increased infections
119
This refers to a condition caused by excessive cortisol in the body
Cushings syndrome
120
What are some examples of when you have steroid use?
Lupus Rheumatoid arthritis Asthma Psoriasis
121
What are the clinical features of cushings syndrome/disease?
Weight gain in the midsection, face, shoulders Face = moon face Shoulders = buffalo hump
122
What are the prominent features of alcohol abuse?
Enlargement of the parotid glands and spider angiomas
123
What are the symptoms of anemia?
a. Pallor b. Fatigue c. Low blood pressure d. SOB e. Rapid heart rate
124
Oral signs of anemia are?
Smooth, burning red tongue Bleeding gums
125
What happen to amalgam restorations in bulimia nervosa?
Higher than surround enamel
126
This test is used to detect bleeding disorders or excessive clotting disorders
Prothrombin time
127
You use this ratio if you are on blood thinning medications
INR
128
Typical INR score range for patient on blood thinner is
INR
129
Is osteoarthritis an autoimmune disease?
no
130
Trigeminal neuralgia is stimulated by what?
Physical stimulus
131
Trigeminal neuralgia may disappear
Sporadically
132
What is the ability to cause infection and damage?
Virulence
133
What classification would an Amalgam condenser be?
Semi-critical
134
What type of control would be “recapping a needle”?
Work-practice control
135
What is the advantage of using chemical sterilization?
shorter cycle
136
What is the most common reason a sterilizer would fail a spore test?
sterilizer is overloaded
137
Which of the following means “heat”?
calor
138
what is the maximum pressure the heart exerts while beating?
systolic
139
What beats are heard while taking blood pressure?
Korotokoff sounds
140
What would occur if the blood pressure cuff is too big?
Turbulence in the reading False, low reading
141
What group of individuals has the highest rate of hypertension?
Non-Hispanic blacks
142
Which of the following blood pressures would fall in Stage 2?
141/92
143
All of the following in NOT one of the 3 P’s of ergonomics
Perfection
144
What is the name of the position where an individual lays supine with a 15-30 degree foot elevation?
Trendelenburg position
145
An individual has a Severe systemic disease that is limiting movement
ASA III
146
Which of the following is not a sign of anxiety?
Constricted pupils
147
Where is the transfer zone located?
In front of the mouth at the chin level
148
What are the first 2 instruments used at the beginning of each procedure?
mirror and explorer
149
Picture of Carpal-pedal spasm. What is this?
Hyperventilation
149
After women no longer have gestational diabetes and their glycemic index has returned to a normal level, they will not have a risk at getting diabetes.
false
150
An individual is having an asthma attack and you have attempted to administer the bronchodilator 3 times and were unsuccessful. What should you use next?
epinephrine
151
What stage of insulin shock is characterized by being incoherent and belligerent?
moderate stage
151
All of the following are symptoms of Hyperglycemia
Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia
151
Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for Cardiovascular disease?
stress
152
If you have diabetes, what HbA1C levels should you ideally have?
Below 6.5%
153
Select which of the following is NOT a sign/symptom of Congestive heart failure
hypotension
154
How should you administer Nitroglycerin?
sublingually
155
What kind of oxygen is used in COPD?
low flow oxygen
156
Which of the following disease do you experience “Weight-loss”?
adrenal insufficiency
156
In which of the following do you see Cyanosis?
chronic bronchitis
157
Which of the following is not a symptom of anemia?
...
158
Which of the following is not a symptom of Anorexia?
tachycardia
159
Which of the following is the most common childhood disease?
asthma (caries was not an option for us, but if it is, that is the answer)
160
Which of the following statements would most accurately describe “Biofilm”?
A complex matrix of microorganisms and organic something
161
Enamel demineralizes at what pH level?
5.5 pH
162
What is characterized by fruity-smelling breath and Kussmaul’s respirations?
Hyperglycemia
163
Which of the following is not a sign/symptom of heart disease?
Tremor
164
Which of the following is NOT a sign of Anemia?
...
165
Which of the following is NOT related to pitting edema?
Cerebrovascular disease
166
In which of the following do you get a rapid fall in blood pressure?
Syncope Orthostatic hypertension
167
What is the best way to prevent an incident with a patient?
Know all their vitals
168
What is the best way to diagnose caries
eyes
169
what pH does enamel demineralize at
5.5
170
what pH does cementum and dentin demineralize at
6.6
171
what is a biofilm
an aggregation of microorganisms adhering to each other in a matrix
172
what is the pH of a normal oral cavity
6.7-7.3
173
_________ of sugar consumption is more important than _________ of sugar
frequency; quantity
174
What is the most frequent mode of transmission for bacteria in a dental office
aerosol droplets