Final exam questions

Question 1

the zone of proximal development refers to …

Answer 1

the difference between what a child can do with help and without help

Question 2

John is learning to restring a guitar from his grandfather who owns a music store. This is an example of?

Answer 2

Guided participation

Question 3

Private speech

Answer 3

Eventually becomes inner speech

Question 4

According to information processing theories, mental hardware includes…

Answer 4

different types of memory

Question 5

Cognitive activities that require very little effort are referred to as

Answer 5

automatic processes

Question 6

Rovee-Collier’s experiments in which two to three month old infants learned to kick and make a mobile moved that two to three month old infants

Answer 6

can remember events from the past for a few days or weeks, but over time will not be able to recall the event unless given memory cue

Question 7

With maturation in the ___ over the first 24 months. Children’s memory skills gradually improve

Answer 7

Hippocampus and frontal cortex

Question 8

scripts of events

Answer 8

provides information about the sequence in which events occur

Question 9

the inability to recall events from ones early life is referred to as

Answer 9

infant amnesia

Question 10

A mental short cut that does not guarantee a solution but often is useful in solving a range of problems known as

Answer 10

Heuristics

Question 11

_____ is the process of identifying familiar patterns of letters and syllables

Answer 11

word recognition

Question 12

When parents read rhyming stories to their children, their

Answer 12

children will learn how to read easier

Question 13

When 14 year old Allison writes a story, she first decides what she wants to write about and then thinks about how she could most effectively organize the information to get her ideas a cross to the reader. Allison uses a ____ writing style

Answer 13

Knowledge transforming

Question 14

The one to one principal states

Answer 14

that there must be one and only one number name fir each object that is counted

Question 15

which of the following statements about rote counting is TRUE?

Answer 15

learning to count in english is easier than french

Question 16

the concept of general intelligence (g) is based on

Answer 16

the finding that different types of intelligence are correlated

Question 17

According to the method that Terman used to score that early versions of the Standford-Binet, a child with the chronological age of 10 years old and a mental age of 9 years old would have an IQ of

Answer 17

90

Question 18

Which of the following intelligences is included in both Garder’s theory of multiple intelligence’s and in hierarchical theories of intelligence

Answer 18

Linguistic

Question 19

from early childhood to late adolescence, it is most common IQ score to

Answer 19

Change little

Question 20

Julian is asked to name all the different way he can think of to use a paper cup. What type of thinking will this involve

Answer 20

Divergent thinking

Question 21

The most common IQ cut-off for intellectual deficits is

Answer 21

70

Question 22

The _____ is the percentage of individuals in a population who have a psychological condition at any given time

Answer 22

point prevalence

Question 23

Which of the following is an inattentive symptom of ADHD

Answer 23

difficulty organizing tasks

Question 24

_____ is more prevalent in girls than boys

Answer 24

depressive disorder

Question 25

which of the following careers working with children and adolescents does not involve a medical/doctoral degree

Answer 25

mental health counselor

Question 26

the term phonology refers to

Answer 26

the sound of a language

Question 27

the rules used to specify how words are combined to form sentences are referred to as

Answer 27

syntax

Question 28

Six-month-old Seiko is growing up in a home where Japanese is the only language spoken. Is she likely to be able to discriminate speech sounds that are used in English but are not used in Japanese?

Answer 28

she is likely to be able to discriminate them now buts he will probably lose that when she gets older

Question 29

When using ______, adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes in pitch and loudness

Answer 29

infant-directed speech

Question 30

jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds. Which of the following should she expect him to produce first

Answer 30

cooing

Question 31

a child's ability to make connections between new words and referents so rapidly that he or she cannot be considering all possible meanings of the new word is referred to as

Answer 31

fast mapping

Question 32

_____ refers to using only words directly relevant | to meaning

Answer 32

telegraphic speech

Question 33

A child who says " I'm eating my lunch" instead of "me eat" is using

Answer 33

Grammatical morpheme

Question 34

Behaviourists propose that

Answer 34

language is learned through imitation and reinforcement

Question 35

Which of the following statements reflect how children acquire grammar (according to the linguistic view)

Answer 35

Humans seem to be innately prepared to process language

Question 36

Which of the following would be the element of basic emotion referred to as a subjective feeling?

Answer 36

being so happy that feel like you are floating on air

Question 37

stranger wariness is a sign of

Answer 37

fear

Question 38

Unlike basic emotions, complex emotions...

Answer 38

are triggered by different events in different cultures

Question 39

In Social referencing

Answer 39

infants use their parent's facial expressions to help them interpret unfamiliar situations

Question 40

Display Rules

Answer 40

are culture-specific

Question 41

Irene is a happy, cheerful baby who adjusts well to new situations. She sleeps, eats, and toilets on a regular schedule. Tomas and Chess would categorize Irene's temperament as

Answer 41

easy

Question 42

Temperament from infancy to childhood is

Answer 42

somewhat stable

Question 43

According to Bowlby, the infant singles out the attachment figure at what age

Answer 43

7 months

Question 44

A researcher conducts a study using the Stranger Situation. The researcher is studying

Answer 44

Attachment relationship

Question 45

When one-year-old Hailey's mother left her in an unfamiliar room. Hailey cried. When her mother returned, Hailey wanted to be held for a minute but then wanted to go down and play. Hailey appears to have a(n) ______ attachment to her mom

Answer 45

secure

Question 46

________ is defined as a person's judgement and feelings about his or her own worth

Answer 46

self-esteem

Question 47

The foundation or the first step of developing self-concept occurs when children

Answer 47

become aware that they exist independently of other people and objects in their environment

Question 48

15-year-old Angela's belief that she is, in effect, an actor whose performance is watched constantly by her peers is a phenomenon referred to as

Answer 48

the imaginary audience

Question 49

14-year-old Tyler is overwhelmed by the task of achieving identity and has done little to achieve one. Tyler appears to be in Macia's _____ identity status

Answer 49

Diffusion

Question 50

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem

Answer 50

Len, who is in pre-school

Question 51

at about _____ years(s) of age, children first become aware that people impose demands on them and that they are not entirely free to behave as they wish

Answer 51

1

Question 52

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the relations of parenting and self-control

Answer 52

children whose parents encourage them to make their own decisions have more self-control

Question 53

which of the following is a characteristic of moral realism

Answer 53

a belief of immanent justice

Question 54

At about age 8-10, children progress to the stage of moral relativism. These children are now considered to have

Answer 54

Autonomous morality

Question 55

children are most likely to resist temptation

Answer 55

remind themself of rules against touching the temping object

Question 56

A child who judges whether an at is good in terms of physical consequences of reward and punishment id reasoning at which one of Kohlberg's levels

Answer 56

pre-conventional level

Question 57

Adolescents and adults believe that they should act according to others expectations when they are in Kohlbergs____ stage of moral reasoning

Answer 57

interpersonal norms

Question 58

Individuals who believe that laws become invalid when they no longer benefit have an (n) ________ orientation according to Kohlberg

Answer 58

social contract

Question 59

Gilligan Criticized Kohlberg's theory of

Answer 59

apply more to men than women

Question 60

When Julianne saw her mother scurrying to get everything ready for dinner, she asked "mom you have so many things to do, how can I help?" Julianne burdensome is best described as

Answer 60

Perspective-taking