Final Exam Review Flashcards
0
Q
What is the form of asexual reproduction of used by cells
A
Mitosis
1
Q
What is the basic unit of structure and function in all living things
A
Cells
2
Q
What condition results from an insufficient amount of tissue fluid
A
Dehydration
3
Q
What condition results from an excess amount of tissue fluid
A
Edema (swelling)
4
Q
The four main types of tissues and function
A
Nerve-control and communicate
Epithelium-secrete and protect
Muscle(cardiac)-move and protect
Connective tissue-support and connect
5
Q
What is the proper name for fatty tissue
A
Adipose
6
Q
How does bone tissue differ from cartilage
A
Phone has calcium, nerves, and blood vessels
7
Q
Main types of muscle tissue and function
A
Cardiac-causes the heart to beat
Visceral-present in the walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary and blood vessels
8
Q
10 body systems
A
Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous special systems Circulatory Lymphatic Respiratory Digestive Urinary Endocrine Reproductive
9
Q
Anatomy
A
Study of form and structure of an organism
10
Q
Organ
A
Tissues joined together for a particular function
11
Q
Pathophysiology
A
Study of how disease occurs
12
Q
Physiology
A
The study of living organisms and their parts
13
Q
Ventral or annterior
A
Body parts on the front of the body
14
Q
Cranial
A
Body parts located near the head
15
Q
Dorsal or posterior
A
Body parts located on the back of the body
16
Q
Distal
A
Body parts away from the point of reference
17
Q
Inferior
A
Body parts below the transverse plane
18
Q
Lateral
A
Body parts away from the midline
19
Q
Medial
A
Body parts located close to the midline
20
Q
Mid sagittal
A
Body plane that divides the body into right and left side
21
Q
Superior
A
Body parts above the transverse plane
22
Q
Transverse
A
Horizontal plane that divides the body into a top and bottom half
23
Q
What is located in the cranial cavity
A
Brain
24
The abdominal cavity is divided by two methods which are
Regions and quadrants
25
The nose is located in the
Nasal cavity
26
The buccal cavity stores what
Tongue, Mouth, and teeth
27
The dorsal cavity has how many cavities
Two
28
The two dorsal cavities are
Spinal and cranial
29
The abdominal cavity can be divided into quadrants. Name the sections and proper abbreviations
Right Upper Quadrant- RUQ
Right Lower Quadrant- RLQ
Left Upper Quadrant- LUQ
Left Lower Quadrant- LLQ
30
For organs in the upper abdominal cavity
Small intestine, liver, stomach, muscle
31
Femur
Thighbone
32
Ribs
12 pairs of bones that's around the heart and lungs
33
Axial skeleton
Bones that form the main trunk of the body
34
Radius
Lower arm bone on thumb side
35
Fibula
Lateral bone of the lower leg
36
Tibia
Medial bone of the lower leg
37
Ligaments
Connective tissue band that holds bones together
38
Joint
Area where two or more bones join together
39
Ulna
Larger bone of the lower arm
40
Appendicular skeleton
Bones that form the extremities
41
What is a sprain
A twisting action that tears the ligaments of a joint
42
What is the xiphoid process
A small piece of cartilage at the bottom of the sternum
43
How many human bones are there
206
44
Five functions of bones and the purpose
```
Structure- Keeps everything together
Produce blood cells- Make blood cells
Levers- Help with movement
Stores calcium- makes calcium to make bones stronger
Protection- Keeps organs protected
```
45
Bursitis
Inflammation of the bursa sacs
46
Fractures
A break/crack in a bone
47
Osteomyelitis
Information on the bone due to a pathogen
48
Scoliosis
The deformation of the spine usually in an S pattern
49
How many pairs of ribs are there
12
50
What are the 26 vertebrae
```
Seven cervical
Twelve thoracic
Five lumbar
One sacrum
One coccyx
```
51
What is the proper name for sweat glands
Sudoriferous glands
52
What are three substances found in perspiration
Salt, water, and waste
53
What is the proper name for oil glands
Sebaceous glands
54
What are the functions of oil glands
Open into hair follicles
55
Alopecia
Permanent baldness
56
Seven functions of the skin
Protection, sensory perception, body temperature regulation, storage, absorption, excretion, and production
57
What happens when bug vessels dilate
They get larger
58
How does blood vessel dilation regulate temperature
Lets heat escape
59
Erythema
This color of skin
60
Erythema cause
Burns
61
Jaundice
Yellow color of skin
62
Jaundice cause
Gallbladder disease
63
Vesicles
Blisters or sacks full of fluid
64
Papules
Firm raised areas of skin
65
Macules
Flat spots on the skin
66
Ulcers
Deep loss of skin surface that may extend into dermis
67
Three main layers of skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous or hypodermis
68
Pustules
Sacs filled with pus
69
Abduction
Moving a body part away from the midline
70
Addduction
Moving a body part towards the midline
71
Contractibility
Muscle fibers that are stimulated by nerves, contract, or become short and thick, which causes movement
72
Elasticity
Allows the muscle to return to its original shape after it is been contracted or stretched
73
Excitability
Irritability, the ability to respond to stimulus
74
Extensibility
The ability to be stretched
75
Extension
Increasing the angle between two bones, or strengthening a body part
76
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between two bones, or bending a body part
77
Insertion
The end that moves when muscle contracts
78
Muscle
Bundles of muscle fibers held together by connective tissue
79
Origin
When I muscle attached to a bone, this is the end that does not move
80
Tendons
Strong, tough, fibrous connective tissue cord that attaches muscle to bone
81
Voluntary
A person that has control over its action
82
How many muscles are in the human body
600+
83
What causes muscles to atrophy
Lack of use
84
Three main kinds of muscle
Dawdle, visceral, and cardiac
85
Muscle spasms
Involuntary movement of a muscle
86
Muscular dystrophy
Chronic muscular atrophy
87
Strain
Over stretch of a muscle
88
Systole
A period of ventricular contraction in the heart
89
Hemoglobin
Complex protein on red blood cells
90
Capillary
Blood vessels that connects arterioles with venules
91
Artery
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
92
Blood
Tissue that flows through the circulatory system
93
Atrium
Upper chamber of the heart
94
Myocardium
Muscular middle layer of the heart
95
Diastole
Brief period of rest in the heart
96
Thrombocyte
Blood cell required for the clotting process
97
Plasma
Fluid portion of blood
98
Mitral valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
99
Ventricle
Lower chamber of the heart
100
Septum
Muscular wall that separates the heart into a right and left side
101
Vein
Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart
102
Erythrocytes
Blood cell that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
103
Two largest veins in the body
Superior and inferior vena cava
104
Arrhythmia
An abnormal heart rhythm
105
What can arrhythmia be diagnosed by using
Electrocardiogram and cardiac monitors
106
Other name for circulatory system
Cardiovascular system
107
What are the smallest branches of arteries
Arterioles
108
What are the smallest branches of veins
Venules
109
For substances that are dissolved or suspended in plasma
proteins, nutrients, minerals, metabolic waste, and gases
110
Leukocyte
White blood cell; helps fight bacteria
111
Erythrocytes
Red blood cell; oxygen and CO2 get transported throughout the body
112
Thrombocytes
Helps with clotting
113
Myocardial infarction
Difficulty for the heart to pump blood
114
Pharynx
Lies directly behind the nasal cavity
115
Nasal cavity
Two openings, called nostrils are Nayers, through which air enters
116
Nasolacriminal ducts
Dry in tears from that I into the nose and provide additional moisture for the air
117
Nasal cavity
Lined with mucous membrane and have rich blood supply
118
Nasopharynx
Tube extending from the larynx to the center of the chest
119
Larynx
Lies between the pharynx and trachea
120
How long of an oxygen supply does the human body have
4 to 6 minutes
121
What trap dirt and pathogens as they enter the nose
Mucus and cilia
122
Respiratory center in the brain
Medulla oblongata
123
Three things that happens to air once it enters the nasal cavity
Warms
Filters
Moistens
124
Inspiration
Air goes into the nasopharynx/Oropharynx then the diaphragm and intercostals expand, then CO2 is expelled to the nasopharynx/oral pharynx and the diaphragm and intercostal relax
125
Internal respiration
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between tissues and bloodstream
126
External respiration
The exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the lungs in the bloodstream
127
Antisepsis
Process that prevents the growth of pathogenic organisms
128
Anaerobic
Organisms that can live and reproduce in the absence of oxygen
129
Chain of infection
Must be present for disease to occur
130
Asepsis
Absence of pathogens
131
Sterilization
Process it destroys all micro organisms including spores and viruses
132
Nosocomial
Infections acquired in a healthcare facility
133
Microorganism
Small living plant or animal organism not visible to the naked eye
134
Pathogen
Germ or disease producing micro organism
135
Aerobic
Organisms that require oxygen to live
136
Protozoa
One celled animal organisms found in the cage materials and contaminated water
137
Disinfection
Process that destroys or kills pathogens
138
Bacteria
One celled plantlike organisms that multiply rapidly
139
Three ways pathogenic organisms can cause infection and disease
Produce toxins, cause allergic reactions, And attack healthy cells
140
Four things needed for micro organisms to grow and reproduce
Oxygen, moist, dark, food
141
How do you non-pathogens differ from pathogens
Non-pathogens are beneficial while pathogens are not
142
List three common aseptic technique's
Washing hands, using gloves, and avoid contact with unclean things
143
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus is
144
AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
