Final Exam Revision

Question 1

Coordination is required between adjacent domestic sectors/units when: (procedural)

Answer 1

Procedural control service is being applied by one of the sectors/units;
- prior to an aircraft tracking within 10NM of the coincident sector/unit boundary
- another distance or procedure as approved by ATS Policy and Standards and specified in the LOA/LUO

Question 2

Where is it not possible to clear a flight via the requested or flight planned route or cruising, the pilot shall be advised using what phraseology?

Answer 2

“(route and/or level) NOT AVAILABLE DUE (reason) [ALTERNATIVE(S) IS/ARE (route(s) and/or level(s)) ADVISE]”

Question 3

Phraseology: Will you accept

Answer 3

Transferring controller:
“WILL YOU ACCEPT (aircraft callsign) (revised details)”
Accepting controller:
“AFFIRM (aircraft callsign) ACCEPTED (revised details)
Transferring controller:
“REVISED”

or

Transferring controller:
“WILL YOU ACCEPT (aircraft callsign) (revised details)
Accepting controller:
“NEGATIVE, WILL ACCEPT (aircraft callsign) (alternative details)”
Transferring controller:
“REVISION” (aircraft callsign) (alternative details)

Question 4

Phraseology: Approval request

Answer 4

Transferring controller:
“APPROVAL REQUEST (aircraft callsign, level) VIA (significant point) (any other relevant details)
Accepting controller:
“(aircraft callsign) (level) APPROVED [conditions/restrictions]”
or
“(aircraft callsign) UNABLE TO APPROVE (alternative instructions/reasons)

Question 5

An ATC clearance shall not be withheld or denied except:

Answer 5

For traffic reasons, when ATC cannot accommodate traffic additional to that already accepted due to traffic congestion, limitations on equipment, procedures, weather or environmental conditions, emergencies and other similar factors; or when instructed by the general manager air traffic services provided that:
- A clearance shall not be withheld unless the aircraft is on the ground and the clearance is for entry onto the manoeuvring area
- A normal ATC service shall be provided for any aircraft entering the manoeuvring area without an ATC clearance

Question 6

A clearance to leave controlled airspace while a flight is en-route shall only be issued:

Answer 6

When it is intended that an aircraft leave controlled airspace on other than its currently cleared route
When the aircraft will leave controlled airspace by a change in level

Question 7

What are the objectives of an IFR clearance?

Answer 7

Provide separation:
- where prescribed, between the aircraft concerned and other controlled flights
- from SUA and GAA as required by RAC 5

Enable the flight to comply with procedures for IFR flights published in the AIPNZ
Conform with the terms for transfer of control by the next controlling authority
Where an aircraft has flight planned for flight within controlled airspace, enable the aircraft to remain within controlled airspace, unless applying the criteria for direct routing using unevaluated routes

If a clearance would involve a significant delay, a pilot may be offered an alternative which would take the aircraft outside controlled airspace provided that:
- the pilot is advised that the clearance will take the aircraft outside controlled airspace
- the pilot confirms acceptance of the clearance

Question 8

What are the elements of an ATC clearance?

Answer 8

Aircraft identification as shown in the flight plan
If appropriate, notification and reason for unavailability of requested route and/or cruising level
Authorization to operate in controlled airspace in accordance with instructions issued
Clearance limit
Route instructions
Level instructions
Any other special instructions or information such as:
- Departure and diversionary climb instructions
- Oceanic transition
- Separation or reporting instructions
- SSR code allocation
- any special instructions
- frequency change instructions
- release instructions
- delivery instructions

Question 9

What parts of a SID may be amended or cancelled?

Answer 9

Only ATC elements of a SID may be amended/cancelled. Any amendment or cancellation of a SID must continue to enable the aircraft to remain within controlled airspace except where the aircraft is planned to vacate controlled airspace and meet obstacle clearance requirements.

Question 10

Provisos rate of climb separation (7)

Answer 10

For rates of climb take-off confirmation must be obtained from both pilots that the specified rates of climb are acceptable and can be sustained to MSA. In all other cases pilot readback may be taken as acceptance
An alternative method of separation can be applied in a timely manner if required
At least 2000ft exists between the aircraft at the commencement of the application
The specified rates will not allow the separation to decrease below the minimum
Separation is checked at intervals of either 5000ft or 5 minutes, whichever is the more frequent
Forecast/observed/reported mountain wave activity is or turbulence that might affect aircraft performance is not present
The aircraft are below FL290

Question 11

What are the elements of a holding clearance?

Answer 11

Instructions to join the holding pattern
Identification of the holding pattern
Level instructions (at or above the minimum holding level)
Maximum holding speed if required

Question 12

When instructing an aircraft to hold at other than a published holding pattern consideration should be given to airspace containment. The level selected should be

Answer 12

At or above 13000ft
For aircraft under surveillance control at or above the minimum terrain contour levels displayed on the situation display. Allowance must be made for navigation tolerance within the holding pattern. This is not permitted using a tower navigation display
For aircraft holding relative to or between prominent landmarks or visual reporting points by visual reference to terrain provided it’s at a pilot’s request and by day

Question 13

What are the 3 reasons for the issuing of an EAT?

Answer 13

Enable the pilot to determine whether to divert or hold
Assist the pilot in positioning the aircraft to take advantage of an approach clearance
Form the basis on which action will be taken following a communications failure

Question 14

When an aircraft is to be held or is holding when shall an expected approach time be passed?

Answer 14

In the event an aircraft is to be held or is holding at the initial approach fix and if the delay will exceed 5 minutes and expected approach time shall be passed

Question 15

What are the elements of an approach clearance?

Answer 15

Aircraft callsign
Authorization to make the approach
Type of approach
Landing runway
Circuit integration instructions if required

Question 16

A clearance for an instrument approach can be withheld due to observed weather conditions

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

An instrument approach shall be nominated as the preferred IFR approach. Units may additionally advise conditions as being suitable for a visual approach under what conditions?

Answer 17

By day
Visibility not less than 16km
Cloud ceiling not less than 1000ft above the lower of:
- the minimum radar vectoring altitude
- the minimum instrument approach procedure commencement altitude applicable for the runway in use

Question 18

When there is a requirement to ensure separation from aircraft operating in the aerodrome traffic circuit, the approach controller may issue an aircraft with a descent restriction on the final of an instrument approach provided that:

Answer 18

The reported or known cloud base is at least 1000ft above the altitude specified for the descent restriction
Visibility is not less than 8km
The reason for the descent restriction is passed to the pilot

Question 19

Unless instructions are issued to the contrary an aircraft on an approach and instructed to “GO AROUND” should do what?

Answer 19

The aircraft should carry out the published missed approach procedure

Question 20

As an alternative to the published missed approach training flight may be instructed to carry out a published instrument departure provided that the clearance specifies what?

Answer 20

That the departure commences after the aircraft has positioned visually over the associated runway

Question 21

Separation shall be provided?

Answer 21

• between all flights in class A airspace
• between IFR flight in class C and D airspaces, except that separation is not provided during the hours of daylight in class D airspace when flight have been cleared to climb or descend subject to maintaining own separation and remaining in VMC
• between IFR and VFR flights in class C airspace
• between IFR and special VFR flights when the visibility is reported to less than 5km
• between all flights taking off and/or landing at controlled aerodromes to ensure runway and wake turbulence minima are achieved

Question 22

Vertical or horizontal (including radar) separation standards may be reduced under what circumstances?

Answer 22

When visual (including composite visual) separation is applied
When military separation is being applied, see “reduction of separation to military aircraft” in MATS
Between aircraft in formation providing that notice of the formation flight has been given to ATC or the formation flight consists of an aircraft is distress and its escort

Question 23

Essential traffic information shall include but not necessarily be limited to:

Answer 23

Essential traffic
Direction of flight
Type of aircraft
Level information
Position information

Question 24

When requiring a pilot to sight another aircraft prior to the application of visual separation controllers shall provide such of the following information that is available and appropriate to the situation:

Answer 24

Aircraft type
Position of the other aircraft relative to a navaid or prominent geographical feature, a procedure or traffic circuit being flown or a relative bearing (clock reference and distance)
Level information, relative height or Mode C readout
Any other pertinent information such as direction of flight, company name, colour, intentions etc. in circumstances where there might be a possibility of an error in sighting the correct aircraft

Question 25

Geographical separation may be established by:

Answer 25

Requiring aircraft that are proceeding by visual reference to be on tracks which are not less than 3NM apart. The tracks shall be defined geographically by reference to visual reporting points and/or prominent geographical features

Requiring aircraft that are proceeding by visual reference to proceed within geographically separated sectors. Sectors are geographically separated where there is a buffer of an instrument sector or another sector between the two sectors involved

Requiring aircraft that are proceeding by visual reference to proceed relative to prominent geographical features or visual reporting points that ATS Policy and Standards or a Part 173 certificate holder has determined are geographically separated from a particular IFR track or procedure. The aircraft proceeding by visual reference shall be instructed to proceed to the side of the feature or reporting point furthest away from the IFR track or procedure and hold if necessary

Requiring aircraft that are proceeding by visual reference to proceed within a promulgated sector which is geographically separated from a particular IFR track or procedure

An aircraft proceeding by visual reference and wishing to cross or operate within an instrument sector occupied by an IFR aircraft may be cleared to cross or operate within the instrument sector under the following conditions:
- It has been confirmed by tower radar or a report from the IFR aircraft that the IFR aircraft in the instrument sector has passed abeam the position of the aircraft operating by visual reference or the position via which the aircraft will be routing
- the aircraft proceeding by visual reference shall be instructed to pass behind the IFR aircraft

Question 26

Provisos T1 45

Answer 26

T1 between take-offs if the leading aircraft is of the same or faster performance and they are to fly tracks that diverge by at least 45 degrees immediately after departure. Where the leading aircraft is turn more than 90 degrees action must be taken to ensure that the departure track of the following aircraft does not cross the departure track of the leading aircraft

T1 may be used where the leading aircraft is slower provided that the leading aircraft reports established on a track that diverges by at least 45 degrees from the track of the following aircraft prior to the following aircraft being cleared for take off

T1 shall not be used where both aircraft are to turn in the same direction and the angle of turn of the following aircraft is greater than the angle of turn of the leading aircraft

Question 27

Provisos T2 40

Answer 27

T2 between take-offs when the leading aircraft will maintain a speed of 40 knots or more faster than the following aircraft and both aircraft propose to fly the same exact track or tracks that diverge by less than 45 degrees

Question 28

Provisos T5 higher level

Answer 28

T5 while vertical separation does not exist if a departing aircraft will be flown through the level of a preceding departing aircraft and both aircraft propose to fly the same exact track or tracks that diverge by less than 45 degrees. Action must be taken to ensure that T5 is maintained or increased while vertical separation does not exist

Question 29

Provisos Same track climbing descending T5

Answer 29

The level change is commenced within 10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported over a common point derived from a ground based nav aid or waypoint determined by GNSS

T5 when aircraft are on opposite sides of an NDB or VOR at which both aircraft are required to report provided:
- one aircraft is in level flight and the other aircraft is climbing or descending to achieve vertical separation
- the preceding aircraft has passed the NDB or VOR by at least 5 minutes
- confirmation has been obtained that the following aircraft has not yet reached the NDB or VOR

Question 30

In order to avoid this slant range situation where one or more of the conflicting aircraft is utilizing DME the following limitations shall be used

Answer 30

D20 separations are valid for any altitude/flight level
D10 separations are valid up to and including FL290 provided that both aircraft are on the same side of a DME station
D10 separations are valid up to and including FL150 when aircraft are on opposite sides of a DME station

Question 31

What are same track same level T separations?

Answer 31

T10
T5/20
T3/40

Question 32

What are the same track same level D separations?

Answer 32

D20
D10/20

Question 33

What are the crossing tracks T and D separations?

Answer 33

T10

D20
D10/20
- provided that the relative angle between the tracks is less than 90 degrees (shaded area)

Question 34

What are the same track climbing descending D separations?

Answer 34

D20
D10/20
D10 one maintains level flight while vertical separation does not exist
D10 where the succeeding aircraft is instructed to reach separation level D10 prior to the DME or GNSS distance report of the preceding aircraft

Question 35

What are the reciprocal track separations?

Answer 35

ETP +/- 10 mins
D10 passed
Both aircraft having reported crossing a ground based navigation aid
T1 after the second aircraft has reported crossing a common significant point
Mutual sighting and passing provided that there is no possibility of incorrect identification
Another separation standard

Question 36

A departing aircraft may be cleared for takeoff into the departure area provided that

Answer 36

The departing aircraft sets heading at least 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to over the aerodrome boundary
Instructions have been issued as necessary to contain both aircraft in their respective areas until some other form of separation exists
The departure area is separated from the arrival area by 45 degrees. Where an initial approach has a procedure turn the departure area is separated by 90 degrees on the side of the procedure turn
Separation can be maintained in the even of a missed approach

Question 37

Can you permit aircraft to carry out simultaneous instrument approaches on the same or adjacent navaids to the same or adjacent aerodromes

Answer 37

Aircraft shall not be permitted to carry our simultaneous instrument approaches on the same or adjacent aids to the same or adjacent aerodromes unless the procedures including the missed approach procedures are laterally separated

Question 38

Where departure instructions are issued that will establish a departing aircraft in the departure area but the track to be flown after take-off takes the aircraft into the arrival or 45/90 degree buffer area a take-off clearance may be issued provided that:

Answer 38

Vertical separation is applied during the period that the departing aircraft is in the arrival or buffer area

The departing aircraft is established in the departure at least 3 minutes before the arriving aircraft is estimated to be over the aerodrome boundary

Once the departing aircraft is in the departure area instructions are issued as necessary to contain both aircraft in their respective areas until some other form of separation exists

The departure area is separated from the arrival area by 45 degrees. Where an initial approach has a procedure turn the departure area is separated by 90 degrees on the side of the procedure turn

Separation can be maintained in the even of a missed approach

Question 39

A second aircraft shall not be cleared for an instrument approach until the preceding aircraft:

Answer 39

Is in communication with and is sighted by the aerodrome controller
There is reasonable that a normal landing can be accomplished
The vertical spacing between the aircraft shall never be less than the applicable minima until visual separation can be applied
Separation can be maintained in the even of a missed approach

Question 40

An aircraft is laterally separated from an aircraft established on a published DME/VORTAC arc when the aircraft leaving the area is:

Answer 40

At least 10DME beyond the arc distance using the same DME
Established on track outside a sector from 45 degrees beyond the radial through which the aircraft has passed to 45 degreed beyond the final approach track

Question 41

An aircraft LEAVING a radio navigation aid over which an aircraft is holding is considered to be separated from the holding aircraft, provided that vertical separation is maintained while the aircraft leaving the aid is:

Answer 41

· Within the promulgated DME lateral separation distance between the track and the holding pattern;

Or

· Within T10 flying time of the radio navigation aid, except that within the sector enclosed between bearings 45° on the holding side and 90° on the non-holding side of the extended inbound track of the holding pattern this time may be reduced to T5 flying time.

Question 42

An aircraft APPROACHING a radio navigation aid over which an aircraft is holding is considered to be separated from the holding aircraft, provided that vertical separation is achieved before the aircraft approaching the aid is:

Answer 42

Within the promulgated DME lateral separation distance between the track and the holding pattern

Within T15 flying time of the radio navigation aid except that within the sector enclosed in the bearings 45 degreed from the non holding side and 90 degrees from the holding of the extended inbound track this can be reduced to T10 flying time

Question 43

When it is known or believed that an aircraft is in a state of emergency or in need of assistance ATS personnel shall:

Answer 43

Give priority and render all possible assistance to the aircraft
Declare the appropriate emergency phase
Take action in accordance with guidance and instructions in:
- RAC 7
- IFERC for airbourne emergencies beyond the area of jurisdiction
- AEP for aircraft emergencies at or in the vicinity of an aerodrome as described in the plan

Question 44

What is the abbreviation and definition for Uncertainty phase?

Answer 44

INCERFA
When uncertainty exists as the safety of an aircraft and its occupants

Question 45

What is the abbreviation and definition for Alert phase?

Answer 45

ALERFA
When apprehension exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants

Question 46

What is the abbreviation and definition for Distress phase?

Answer 46

DETRTESFA
When there is reasonable certainty that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger require immediate assistance

Question 47

Define SARTIME

Answer 47

SARTIME is the time at which Search and Rescue action is initiated if a SARTIME is not amended or cancelled or a VFR flight plan for which a SARTIME has been nominated is not terminated