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Microbiology > Final exam Study > Flashcards

Final exam Study Flashcards

1
Q

phenol

A

chemical disinfectant
injure lipids of plasma membrane causing leakage
remain active in presence of organic matter

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2
Q

what did joseph lister do

A

used phenol to control surgical infections in the operating room

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3
Q

phenolic

A

chemical disinfectant
derivative of phenol
reduce irritation
increase effectiveness
O phenylphenol and ingredient in Lysol

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4
Q

biphenol

A

chemical disinfectant
two phenol groups connected by a bridge
disrupt plasma membranes

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5
Q

chlorohexidine

A

Biguanide - used in surgical hand scrubs, preoperative skin preparations

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6
Q

Alexidine

A

Biguanide - works faster than chlorhexidine

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7
Q

Essential Oils

A

mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from plants - used for centuries in traditional medicine and preserving food

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8
Q

Microbial uses of Essential Oils

A

action comes primarily due to phenolics and terpenes -stronger activity against gram pos bacteria, effectiveness against viruses not studied to date

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9
Q

Tea tree oil and pine oil

A

Broad spectrum of activity that includes gram pos and gram neg and fungi

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10
Q

Iodine

A

Halogen - impairs protein synthesis and alters membranes - water treatment

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11
Q

Tincture

A

Iodine (halogen) - solution in aqueous alcohol

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12
Q

Iodophor

A

Iodine (halogen) - combined with organic molecules - povidone iodine: skin antisepsis

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13
Q

Chlorine

A

Halogen - oxidizing agent, shut down cellular enzyme systems - municipal water disinfection

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14
Q

Bleach

A

Chlorine (halogen) Hypochlorous acid ( H O Cl)

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15
Q

Chloramine

A

Chlorine (halogen) Chlorine + Ammonia

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16
Q

Alcohols

A
  • Denature proteins and dissolve lipids - no effect on endospores and nonenveloped viruses
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17
Q

Ethanol and isopropanol

A

Alcohols that require water

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18
Q

Alcohol based hand sanitizer

A
  • about 62% alcohol - effective against most bacteria
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19
Q

Alcohol based hand sanitizers are not effective against…

A

not against endospore producers and nonenveloped viruses - examples: Clostridium difficile, norovirus

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20
Q

Oligodynamic action

A

When very small amounts (of metal) exert antimicrobial activity

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21
Q

How are metals antimicrobial

A

Denature proteins

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22
Q

Silver nitrate

A

Prevent ophthalmia neonatorum

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23
Q

Silver

A

Impregnated wound dressings

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24
Q

Mercuric chloride

A

Limited use as disinfectant TOXIC

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25
Q

Copper sulfate

A

Algicide (used in pools)

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26
Q

Cu2+ and Ag+ ions

A

Water disinfection

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27
Q

zinc chloride

A

mouthwash

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28
Q

Acid-anionic sanitizers

A

Soap - anions react with plasma membrane - used for cleaning food processing facilities

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29
Q

quats are ineffective against

A

endospores
mycobacteria

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30
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)

A

Soap - cations are bactericidal, denature proteins, disrupt plasma membrane - relatively broad spectrum

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31
Q

organic acid

A

inhibit metabolism
prevent mold in some food

31
Q

sulfur dioxide

A

prevent wine spoilage

32
Q

sorbic acid, benzoid acid, calcium propionate

A

examples of organic acids

33
Q

nisin and natamycin

A

bacterions
prevent spoilage of cheese

33
Q

formalin

A

aldehyde
used for preserving specimen

33
Q

bacteriocins

A

protiens produced by one bacterium inhibits another

33
Q

nitrates and nitrite

A

prevent endospore germination
used with meat products

34
Q

aldehydes

A

inactivate protiens by cross linking with functional groups

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glutaraldehyde

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Microbiology (7 decks)

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