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Theory & Practice I > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

How do you measure the seat depth and width for a wheelchair?

A
  • seat depth you measure from posterior buttocks to the popliteal fossa and minus 2 inches
  • seat width you measure the widest part of the buttocks, hips, or thighs and add 2 inches
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2
Q

What are the standard WC measurements?

A
  • seat height: 19.5 - 20.5 inches
  • back height: 16 -16.5 inches
  • seat depth: 16 inches
  • seat width: 18 inches
  • armrest height: 9 inches
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3
Q

Result of a high seat

A
  • difficulty getting legs under a table
  • insufficient trunk support
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4
Q

Result of a low seat

A
  • impaired transfers
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5
Q

Result of high footplates

A
  • increased pressure on the ischial tuberosities
  • difficulty getting legs under a table
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6
Q

Result of low footplates

A
  • pressure on distal thighs
  • unsafe WC mobility
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7
Q

Result of long seat depth

A
  • pressure on popliteal area
  • decreased circulation
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8
Q

Result of short seat depth

A
  • decreased trunk stability and sitting balance
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9
Q

Result of wide width

A
  • difficulty with propulsion
  • difficulty with narrow doors and entryways
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10
Q

Result of narrow width

A
  • difficulty with changing positions
  • pressure on lateral hip
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11
Q

Result of high back height

A
  • difficulty with propulsion
  • skin irritation
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12
Q

Result of low back height

A
  • decreased trunk stability
  • increased postural deviations
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13
Q

What is the procedure to measure a patient for a wheelchair

A
  • lay the patient supine and measurements in a 90-90-90 degree position
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14
Q

Describe a standard wheelchair

A
  • <200 lbs
  • limited use on rough surfaces
  • not designed for vigorous activities
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15
Q

Describe a heavy duty wheelchair

A
  • > 200 lbs
  • can be used for vigorous activites
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16
Q

Describe a ultralight wheelchair

A
  • 300 lbs
  • light weight
  • more efficient propulsion
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17
Q

Describe a posterior axle position

A
  • moves COG anterior to axle making it more stable
  • more difficult to push
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18
Q

Describe an anterior axle position

A
  • moves COG over the axle and unweights the front of the chair
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19
Q

Define constant attendance

A
  • 1:1 application
  • billed in 15 minute increments
  • you are always there and giving cues or changing parameters
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20
Q

Define supervised modality

A
  • billed only 1x per treatment
  • setting up a modality and leaving it to run
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21
Q

What is the AMPAC

A
  • activity measure for post acute care
  • basic mobility domain: bed mobility, sit to stand/stand to sit, supine to sit, seated transfer, ambulation, and ascending stairs
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22
Q

What is the care tool

A
  • measures independence level with ADL’s
  • 6 is independent, 5 setup or cleanup assistance, 4 supervision or touching assistance, 3 partial/moderate assistance, 2 substantial/maximal assistance, 1 dependent
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23
Q

ABCDEF parts of a goal

A
  • A: audience
  • B: behavior
  • C: condition
  • D: degree
  • E: expected duration
  • F: functional
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24
Q

What are the stages of the temporal sequence

A
  • initial condition: posture, ability to interact with environment, and environmental context
  • preparation: stimulus identification, response selection, and response programing
  • initiation: timing, direction, and smoothness
  • execution: amplitude, direction, speed, and smoothness
  • termination: timing, stability, accuracy
  • outcome: outcome achieved
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25
Define NWB (non-weight bearing status)
- foot does not touch ground
26
Define TTWB (toe touch weight bearing status)
- foot contacts ground for balance only or up to 20% of body weight
27
Define PWB (partial weight bearing status)
- 20%-50% of body weight
28
Define WBAT (weight bearing as tolerated status)
- limited only by patient tolerance >50%
29
Define FWB (full weight bearing status)
- no restriction 100%
30
Define independent
- no assistance or supervision needed
31
Define mod independent
- requires an assistive device
32
Define supervision/stand by assistance/close guarding
- multimodal cues but not touching
33
Define contact guard assist
- touching assist for safety
34
Define minimum assistance
- patient does 75% or more - PT does 25% or less
35
Define moderate assistance
- patient does 50%-74% - PT does 26%-50%
36
Define maximum assistance
- patient does 25%-49% - PT does 51%-75%
37
Define dependent
- patient requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the task safely
38
How often do you reposition a patient if in a hospital bed
- every 2 hours
39
How often do you reposition a patient if seated in a wheelchair
- every 15-30 minutes
40
What are the common areas for pressure wounds
- sacrum - ischial tuberosity - greater trochanter - heels - lateral malleolus - elbow - occiput
41
Define mobility
- having the available ROM and strength to perform a task
42
Define stability or static postural control
- the ability to maintain a static steady position in weight bearing
43
Define controlled mobility or dynamic postural control
- the ability to maintain a dynamic posture in weight bearing
44
Describe a 4 point gait pattern
- 2 devices required - 1st assistive device, opposite leg, 2nd assistive device, and other leg
45
Describe a 3 point gait pattern
- requires 2 devices or rolling walker - effected leg and both devices then unaffected leg
46
Describe a 2 point gait pattern
- requires 1 device - device and effected leg move together then unaffected leg
47
What are the 5 general contraindications for application of all biophysical agents
- pregnancy over the fetus - malignancy over tumor - pacemaker over directly - impaired sensation - impaired mentation/cognition
48
Non thermal effects of ultrasound
- tissue healing - bone healing - no heat
49
Contraindications for ultrasound
- pregnancy - malignant tumor - CNS tissue - joint cement - plastic components - pacemaker - thrombophlebitis - eyes - reproductive organs - impaired cognition - impaired mentation
50
Ultrasound parameters for thermal
- 100% duty cycle - 3 MHz for superficial muscle starting at 0.5 intensity - 1 MHz for deep muscle starting at 1.5 intensity - 5-10 minutes
51
Ultrasound parameters for non-thermal
- 20% duty cycle - 3MHz for superficial muscle and 1MHz for deep muscle - start at 0.5 intensity - 5-10 minutes
52
Define phonophoresis
- uses sound energy to drive medications into a patient's skin - transports whole molecules
53
Define iontophoresis
- uses electrical current to drive medications into a patient's skin - transports ions
54
Iontophoresis parameters
- direct current - 0-4 mA per minute amplitude - min dosage = 40 mA-min and max dosage = 80 mA-min
55
E-stim parameters with the goal of tissue healing
- HVPC current - negative polarity for inflammatory phase/infection and positive polarity for proliferation/clean - 60-125 pulse frequency - 40-100 pulse duration - amplitude is a comfortable tingle - 45-60 minutes continuous for 3-7 days per week
56
E-stim for edema control from inflammation
- HVPC current - negative polarity - 100-120 pulse frequency - 40-100 pulse duration - amplitude is a comfortable tingle - 20-30 minutes
57
E-stim for edema control due to lack of motion
- biphasic or Russian current - 35-50 pulse frequency - 2-5 sec equal on:off times - 150-350 pulse duration - amplitude is a visible contraction - 20-30 minutes
58
E-stim parameters for cenventional TENS/high rate
- acute pain - 100-150 pulse frequency - 50-80 pulse duration - amplitude is to produce tingling - no set time - uses gate control mechanism
59
E-stim parameters for low rate/acupucture like
- chronic pain - 2-10 pulse frequency - 200-300 pulse duration - amplitude is a visible contraction - 20-30 minutes - uses endorphin release mechanism
60
E-stim parameters for muscle strengthening
- 35-80 pulse frequency - 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle - amplitude is >10% of injured and >50% of non-injured - 6-10 sec on and 50-120 sec off 1:5 ratio - 2 sec ramp time - 10-20 minutes to produce 10-20 reps - every 2-3 hours when awake
61
E-stim parameters for muscle reeducation
- 35-50 pulse frequency - 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle - 2 sec ramp time
62
E-stim for muscle spasm reduction
- 35-50 pulse frequency - 125-300 pulse duration 125-200 for small muscle - amplitude is a visible contraction - 2-5 sec equal on:off times - 1 sec ramp - 10-30 minutes - every 2-3 hours until relief
63
E-stim for edema reduction
- 35-50 pulse frequency - 125-300 pulse duration 25-200 for small muscle - amplitude is a visible contraction - 2-5 sec equal on:off times - 1 sec ramp - 30 minutes - 2 times a day
64
In what order are the different nerve types stimulated on the strength (amplitude) duration (pulse duration) curve from the lowest duration to highest duration
- A beta sensory - Motor - A delta sharp pain - C dull pain - denervated muscle
65
How does electrode pad placement affect electrical current depth?
- the farther apart the pads are the deep the current will reach
66
What are the stages of cryotherapy
- intense cold - burning - aching - analgesia - numbness
67
What are the contraindications for E-stim
- pregnancy - over the carotid sinus - over pacemaker or unstable arrhythmias - thrombophlebitis - allergy
68
What are the contraindications for hot pack
- recent or potential hemorrhage - thrombophlebitis - impaired sensation - impaired mentation - malignant tumor - over the eyes
69
What are the contraindications for cryotherapy
- allergy - Raynaud's disease - hypersensitive/cold intolerance - paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
70
What re the contraindications for massage therapy
- edema - hematoma - impaired mental state - cardiac decompensation - nonunion fracture - DVT - immediate post op - laceration - skin lesions or wounds - fever/infection
71
What are the contraindications for traction
- hyper mobility - joint effusion - inflammation - when motion is contraindicated - uncontrolled hypertension
72
Describe effleurage massage
- for the purpose of relaxation
73
Describe petrissage massage
- kneading, rolling, and squeezing of soft tissue
74
Traction parameters for initial/acute phase
- 7-9 lbs - static hold - 5-10 minutes
75
Traction parameters for joint distraction
- 20-29 lbs/7% of total body weight - 15 sec hold and 15 sec relax - 20-30 minutes
76
What is a blood bourne pathogen
- a disease transmitted through direct contact with blood
77
PPE for contact transmission
- hand hygiene - gloves - gown
78
PPE for droplet transmission
- hand hygiene - face mask - gloves - gown
79
PPE for airborne transmission
- hand hygiene - respirator - gloves
80
Order of donning PPE
- hand hygiene - don gown - don mask - don goggles - don gloves
81
Order of doffing PPE
- gloves - goggles - gown - mask - hand hygiene

Theory & Practice I (16 decks)

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