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KINE 4800 > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

A body will maintain a state of REST or constant velocity unless ACTED on by an external force that changes the state

A

Newton’s 1st “@Law (inertia)

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2
Q

The tendency to resist change in the current state of motion

A

Inertia

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3
Q

Inertia is directly proportional to __ and has __ unit of measurement

A

Mass
No

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4
Q

A force applied to a body causes an Acceleration of that body

A

Newtons 2nd law (Acceleration)

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5
Q

A force applied to a body causes an acceleration of that body…(explain the 3 factors)

A

-Of a magnitude proportional to the force
-In the direction of the force
-That is inversely proportional to the body’s mass

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6
Q

For every action, there is an EQUAL and OPPOSITE reaction

A

Newtons 3rd law (Reaction)

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7
Q

N3L: When one body exerts a force on a second, the second body exerts a rxn force __ in magnitude and __ in direction on the first body

A

Equal
Opposite

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8
Q

FORCE is acting over the AREA OF CONTACT of the motion of the object

A

Friction

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9
Q

Direction of the force of friction is __ of the motion of the object

A

Opposite

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10
Q

The MAXIMUM amount of friction that can be generated between two static surfaces

A

Maximum static friction

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11
Q

The CONSTANT MAGNITUDE FRICTION generated between two surfaces in contact during MOTION

A

Kinetic friction

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12
Q

For __ bodies, the magnitude of the friction force developed is EQUAL to that of the applied external force

A

Static

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13
Q

For __ bodies, the magnitude of the friction force remains at constant level BELOW that of max static friction

A

Dynamic

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14
Q

The quantity of motion possessed by an object (M =mv)

A

Linear momentum

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15
Q

Concept that the Total Momentum of a given system remains CONSTANT (in the absence of external forces)

A

Principle of conservation of momentum

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16
Q

The product of Force and Time over which the force acts

A

Impulse

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17
Q

Ways to increase Momentum (III)

A

Increase duration of force
Increase magnitude of force
Increase overall shape of Ft curve

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18
Q

The exchange of a Large Force during a Small Time Interval

A

Impact

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19
Q

The behavior of two objects Post Impact depend on: (CN)

A

Their collective momentum
The nature of the impact

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20
Q

Results in the CONSERVATION of the velocity of the system

A

Perfectly elastic impact

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21
Q

Results in the TOTAL LOSS of system velocity

A

Perfectly plastic impact

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22
Q

TF: Most impacts fall in between PEI and PPI (0-1)

A

True

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23
Q

The number that serves as an index of elasticity

A

Coefficient of restitution (e)

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24
Q

COR: The closer the e is to 1, the more _ the impact

A

Elastic

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25
COR: The closer the e is to 0, the more _ the impact
Plastic
26
Product of a Force applied against a resistance and Displacement of the resistance in the DIRECTION of the force
Mechanical work
27
Units for W: W=Fd
Joule
28
TF: If there is NO displacement there is NO work
True
29
The rate of work production
Mechanical power
30
Power equals W/ t or
Fav
31
The capacity to do mechanical work
Mechanical energy
32
The energy that a body has due to MOTION
Kinetic energy
33
The energy that a body has the POTENTIAL to change but is currently not
Potential energy
34
When gravity is the only acting external force, a body’s mechanical energy remains constant
Law of conservation of mechanical energy
35
The rotary effect of a force about an axis (angular equivalent of liner force)
Torque
36
Torque directions and what they mean (2)
Clockwise (-) Counterclockwise (+)
37
1st class lever
FAR
37
2nd class lever
ARF
38
3rd class lever
AFR
39
Point where the mass and weight of a body are equally balanced in all directions
Center of gravity
40
TF: It is easiest to initiate rotation when force is applied PARALLEL to and close as possible to the axis of rotation
False Perpendicular
41
The body reacts to _ _ as if they act through the COG
External forces
42
The point where the weight vector acts in free body diagrams
Center of Gravity
43
Perpendicular distance from the forces line of action to the axis of rotation
Moment arm
44
A muscles moment am is maximal at a _ angle of pull
90°
45
The ratio of the moment arm of the force (force arm) to the moment arm of the resistance (resistance arm) for a given lever
Mechanical advantage
46
Resistance to disruption of equilibrium
Stability
47
Ability to control equilibrium
Balance
48
The area beneath an object/person that includes every point of contact that supports the body
Base of support
49
A large BOS =
Greater stability
50
Cog close to BOS =
Greater stability
51
Area bound by the outermost regions of contact between a body and the support surface or surfaces
Base of support
52
Mechanical factors influencing stability (Ib,If,LB,Hp,Lv
Increased body mass, Increased friction, Larger BOS in direction of force, Horizontal positioning of CG, Lower vertical CG
53
Inertial property for rotating bodies representing resistance to angular acceleration
Moment of inertia
54
Moment of Inertia is based on _ & _ the … is distributed from the axis of rotation
Mass Distance
55
Sum of the products of each particles MASS and RADIUS OF ROTATION squared
Moment of inertia
56
The DISTANCE from the axis of rotation a point where the body’s mass could be concentrated without altering its ROTATIONAL characteristics
Radius of gyration (k)
57
Used as the index for mass distribution for calculating moment of inertia
Radius of gyration
58
The quantity of angular motion possessed by a body
Angular momentum (H)
59
Product of Moment of Inertia(I) and Angular Velocity (w)
Angular momentum
60
Whenever GRAVITY is the only acting external force, angular momentum is conserved
Principle of conservation of angular momentum
61
PCAM: The total angular momentum of a given system remains _ in the absence of external torques
Constant
62
When AM is conserved, changes in body configurations produce a trade off btw __ & __
Moment of inertia Extended position
63
Tuck position: Smaller I as mass is more distributed … axis of rotation, leading to increased w
Near
64
Extended position: Larger I as mass is distributed … from axis of rotation, leading to decreased w
Further
65
Product of Torque and Time interval over which the torque acts
Angular impulse (Tt)
66
A rotating body will maintain a constant rotational motion unless acted on by an external torque that changes the state
Newtons. 1st Angular law (Inertia)
67
LoA: A net torque produces Angular Acceleration of a body that is (3)
Directly proportional to the magnitude of the torque In the same direction as the torque Inversely proportional to the body’s moment of inertia
68
For every angular action, there is an equal and opposite angular reaction
Newtons 3rd Angular law
69
When one body exerts a torque on a second body, the second body exerts a reaction torque that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body
Newtons 3rd Angular law

KINE 4800 (14 decks)

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