Final Exam Study Guide

Question 1

What is the longest bone in the body?

Answer 1

Femur

Question 2

What happens when you are “walking”?

Answer 2

• hip flexion
• hip extension
• pelvic girdle rotation

Question 3

What is the largest joint in the body?

Answer 3

Knee joint

Question 4

Which bone bears the most weight in the leg?

Answer 4

Tibia - medial

Question 5

What is the function of fibula?

Answer 5

-serves as the attachment for knee joint structures

Question 6

True or False

Fibula is NOT part of the knee joint

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

True or False

Fibula does NOT articulate with femur or patella

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

What are the functions of the patella?

Answer 8

• It is a mechanical advantage (in knee extension)

- Patella protects the sensitive knee joint

Question 9

_______ provide static stability

Answer 9

Ligaments

Question 10

_____ & _____ contractions produce dynamic stability

Answer 10

Quadriceps & hamstrings

Question 11

What causes tears in the joints?

Answer 11

Significant compression & shear forces during rotation

Question 12

ACL & PCL are vital in _______.

Answer 12

maintaining anterior and posterior stability, as well as rotary stability

Question 13

MCL is vital in_____

Answer 13

maintaining medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted

Question 14

How far can a normal knee joint can extend?

Answer 14

extends to 180 degrees ( or 0 degrees flexion)

Question 15

How far can a normal knee joint can flex?

Answer 15

Flexion occurs to about 140 degrees

Question 16

How much degrees occur in internal rotation?

Answer 16

30 degrees

Question 17

How much degrees occur in external rotation?

Answer 17

45 degrees

Question 18

What is the Q angle?

Answer 18

• Central line of pull
• Runs from ASIS to the center of patella
• females generally have higher angles

Question 19

What are the two phases in walking?

Answer 19

• Stance phase

- Swing phase

Question 20

What happens in stance phase?

Answer 20

• Initial contact (heel strike)
• Loading response
• Midstance
• Terminal stance
• Preswing (toe off)

Question 21

What happens during swing phase?

Answer 21

-Initial swing
-Midswing
-Terminal swing
OR
-occurs when foot leaves ground & leg moves forward to another point of contact

Question 22

What is the difference between running and walking?

Answer 22

Walking = one foot is always in contact with the ground
Running = point when neither foot is in contact with ground

Question 23

What is “shin splits”?

Answer 23

common term describing painful leg condition often associated with running activities

Question 24

The most common ankle sprain results from what?

Answer 24

Excessive inversion to the lateral ligamentous structures, primarily anterior talofibular ligament & calcaneofibular ligament

Question 25

Which of the following groups of muscles are agonist in hip joint flexion?

Answer 25

psoas major, iliacus, pectineus, rectus femoris

Question 26

Which of the following groups of muscles are most involved in hip joint extension?

Answer 26

gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 27

Which of the following muscles is an antagonist during internal rotation of the hip joint?

Answer 27

gluteus maximus

Question 28

Which of the following muscles acts as an agonist during flexion of the hip joint?

Answer 28

rectus femoris

Question 29

An action common to the biceps femoris and the adductor magnus is:

Answer 29

outward rotation of the hip joint

Question 30

All of the hamstring muscles originate on the:

Answer 30

ischial tuberosity

Question 31

The action common to all of the hamstring muscles is:

Answer 31

flexion of the knee joint

Question 32

The origin of the rectus femoris is:

Answer 32

anterior inferior iliac spine

Question 33

The _____ ligament provides lateral stability to the knee joint.

Answer 33

fibula collateral

Question 34

The ____ ligament provides posterior stability to the knee joint.

Answer 34

posterior cruciate

Question 35

What is the muscles in triceps surae?

Answer 35

two heads of gastrocnemius and one head of the soleus