Final Exam Vocab Flashcards
(150 cards)
1
Q
Storm and stress
A
adolescents are socially sensitive, risk-takers, and emotional
2
Q
formal operational stage
A
- ability to think logically about concepts and hypotheticals
- ability to think scientifically
3
Q
Preconventional
thought
A
when people judge right and wrong based off of external standards such as authority rather than their own internal beliefs
4
Q
conventional thought
A
where they judge the morality of actions based on society’s expectations and norms, prioritizing conformity to rules and pleasing others, rather than personal gain or individual principles
5
Q
post-conventional thought
A
individuals base their decisions on abstract ethical principles and personal values, going beyond societal norms and laws to consider the greater good and universal human rights
6
Q
adolescent egocentrism
A
- a stage where adolescents tend to focus on themselves excessively
- includes imaginary audience and personal fable
7
Q
imaginary audience
A
when adolescents believe they are always being watched when being excessively self-conscious
8
Q
personal fable
A
when children consider themselves unique and invulnerable. they often believe rules or consequences won’t happen to them as they do others
9
Q
experience-sampling method
A
when you have the test subjects take notes on the activities they are doing and their emotions whenever a signal sounds
10
Q
nonsuicidal self-injury
A
cutting/mutilating one’s body
11
Q
adolescent-limited delinquency
A
the antisocial, delinquent behavior shown in teenage years
12
Q
life-course delinquency
A
a pattern of antisocial and delinquent behavior that begins in adolescence and persists into adulthood
13
Q
adolescent-environment fit
A
making sure a child’s developmental needs and characteristics are matched with the demands they are given in school, family, etc.
- avoid punishing children as if they are cognitively the same as adults
- pass laws that consider teenage mental processes
- capitalize on youth development programs
14
Q
zero-tolerance policies
A
disciplinary approach that requires suspension or expulsion if a child breaks certain rules, regardless of the circumstances
15
Q
school-to-prison pipeline
A
- reflects the incarceration over education
- pushes children out of schools and into juvenile detention centers
16
Q
cliques
A
a small group of people who spend a lot of time together, share similar interests, and have a strict code of membership
17
Q
crowds
A
groups of cliches such as jocks, cheerleaders, nerds, etc.
- can cause a loss of individuality
- may begin to act differently around said crowd
18
Q
deviancy training
A
when peers enforce rule-breaking behaviors
19
Q
gang
A
- close-knit delinquent groups
- share a collective identity
- provides status and protection
20
Q
emerging adulthood
A
begins after high school and leads into late twenties
- devoted to constructing an adult life
21
Q
cohabitation
A
when two romantically involved people live together before marriage
22
Q
nest-leaving
A
when a child moves out of their childhood home
23
Q
social clock
A
the pressure to meet certain major life events at certain ages
- marriage, pregnancy, buying a home
24
Q
age norms
A
a set of standards expected for a person at a certain age
25
on time
achieving key milestones such as getting a degree, establishing a career, and forming committed relationships anywhere from the late teens to the mid twenties
26
off time
going through life events at a time that is different from societal norms or expectations, which can lead to feelings of disconnect or anxiety
27
identity vs. role confusion
when adolescents begin to figure out their identity and the values they hold
28
Identity diffusion
a state of not developing or possessing a distinct identity
29
identity moratorium
the status of actively finding your identity but have not yet been able to decide
30
identity foreclosure
when someone prematurely commits to an identity before exploring other options
31
identity achievement
the process of exploring and committing to a set of values and beliefs
32
ruminative moratorium
the inability to decide between identities, becoming highly anxious and emotionally paralyzed due to excessive overthinking an dwelling on choices
33
Ethnic identity/
multiracial identity
being one with your ethnicities culture and feeling a sense of belonging
34
flow
the feeling of total absorption in a challenging, goal-oriented activity
- dependent on a person-environment fit
35
school-to-work transition
the transition of graduating school and entering your career
36
intimacy v isolation
a stage where primarily young adults attempt to form close, trusting relationships with others and if they fail may feel a sense of lonliness and isolation
37
sexual orientation
what gender/sex a person is sexually attracted to
38
homophobia
the act of fearing or disliking a homosexual
39
transgender
when a person feels that they are a different gender than the one assigned at birth
40
relationship churning
when serious romantic relationships are put on hold until a career is established
41
stimulus phase
initial attraction
42
value-comparison phase
evaluation of shared values
43
role phase
assessing compatibility based on roles in the relationship
44
homogamy
the tendency for people to choose romantic partners who share similar characteristics with them, such as socioeconomic status, ethnicity, education level, age, or even personality traits
45
secure adult attachment
capable of genuine intimacy in relationships
- empathetic, sensitive
46
preoccupied/ambivalent adult
attachment
- and insecure attachment style
- craves closeness and fears rejection
- constant need for reassurance
47
avoidant/dismissive adult attachment
- prioritize independence and emotional distance
- withdrawing when feeling too vulnerable
48
social media addiction
a compulsive engagement to social media that can distrupt a persons private or interpersonal life
49
deinstitutionalization of marriage
redefinging what marriage is/straying from the older ideas of marriage
50
serial cohabitation
having multiple, premarriage cohabitations
- living with whoever you are dating at the time
51
U-shaped curve of marital satisfaction
After a married couple's honeymoon, marital satisfaction slowly plummets, especially when children arrive, and rises again after they leave the nest
52
romantic love
- intimacy, passion and commitment
- a strong feeling of affection and care, a wish for closeness and sexual arousal
53
companionate love
a deep commitment between two people who share affection for each other but who lack sexual desire or passion
- found in relationships where the initial passion may have passed
- also found in friendships
54
consummate love
the complete form of love, representing the ideal relationship toward which many people strive
- love each other's company
- sexual desire years into a relationship
- cannot imagine themselves happier
55
couple communication
the way romantic partners exchange information, thoughts, and feelings with each other, encompassing both verbal and nonverbal communication
56
fertility rate
a measure of the number of live births per 1,000 women of childbearing age, usually between the ages of 15 and 44. It's used to predict population growth in a specific area
57
marital equity
the concept of fairness and balance within a marriage, where both partners perceive that they are contributing and receiving roughly equal amounts in the relationship
58
breadwinner role
the traditional expectation that one partner in a relationship, typically the male, will be the primary income earner and financial provider for the family
59
Bidirectional quality of attachment
- predicts how mothers react to their child
- the idea that the relationship between a child and their parent goes both ways
- a childs actions that influence a parents response and vice versa
60
traditional stable career
a job with a consistent income, job security, and a consistent demand for workers
61
boundaryless career
a career path that isn't confined to a single organization or occupation, allowing individuals to move across traditional boundaries like changing jobs, industries, or even employment status
62
gig work
- Some freedom; often lack health insurance or retirement benefits
- (independence contract)
63
Holland personality work types
- holland believed that if a person works at a job that fits their career type then they are more likely to be successful
- Realistic (doers), investigative (thinkers), artistic (creators), social (helpers), entrepreneurial (persuaders),
conventional (organizers)
64
intrinsic career rewards
work that is fulfilling
- internal feeling of satisfaction
65
extrinsic career rewards
external reinforcements such as salary and prestige
- less important but still desired
66
role overload
when an individual feels overwhelmed by the demands of their role
67
role conflict
when an individual feels overwhelmed by the demands of the different roles they have
68
work-life balance
the amount of time you spend working vs. the time you spend on your personal life, such as leisure and friends
69
occupational segregation
when a demographic group is over- or underrepresented in a specific job or industry
70
underemployment
- working less than full time hours
- when a job doesn't use an employee's skills or education
71
unemployment
when a person doesn't have a job but is actively looking for a job and is willing to work
72
menopause
when a woman goes a year without their period
- can indirectly affect sexuality
- declining estrogen
73
seattle longitudinal study
findings:
- Intelligence peaks in the late 50's
- fast performance declines at a younger age
-
74
crystallized intelligence
accumulated knowledge/facts
- increases with age until later life, then begins to fall
75
fluid intelligence
ability to reason quickly with new intellectual tasks
- begins to decline in early adult life
76
allostatic load
a measure of the consequences on the body based on chronic stress on the body
77
Selective optimization
with compensation
describes how individuals can maintain well-being and fucntio effectively
- choosing which areas to focus on (optimization)
- and methods to compensate for declines i other areas (compensation)
78
neuroticism
a personality trait that is a tendency to feel negative emotions
- anger, depression, irritability, etc.
79
extraversion
a personality trait that is a tendency to feel sociable and energized by being around others
- enthusiastic, talkative, assertive
80
openness to experience
a person's tendency to be adventurous, curious, and receptive to new ideas
81
conscientiousness
the want to do one's duty or work well
- responsible, careful, diligent, self discipline
82
agreeableness
the tendency to put others needs before your own
- empathetic, kind, cooperative, well-liked
83
generativity vs. stagnation
generativity—finding meaning in one's life by helping and caring for the next generation
stagnant—without a sense of purpose in life
84
hedonistic happiness
feeling good
- short-term
85
eudaimonic happiness
having a meaning or purpose in life
- long-term
86
commitment script
Type of autobiography that
involves childhood memories of feeling special;
being sensitive to others; having enduring
generative mission
87
redemption sequence
Type of autobiography
that involves tragic events that turned out well
88
postformal thought
a stage of development that occurs in early adulthood in which a person gains the ability to synthesize opposing ideas or feelings into a more complete understanding
- be able to understand that there are contradictions in the real world
89
family watchdog
stepping in during a crisis to help the family
90
caregiving grandparents
may assume full time parenting role
- have increased in recent decades
91
parent care
adult children caring for their disabled, elderly parents
92
sandwich generation
when a middle-aged person is caring for both their children and their elderly parents
93
hedonistic treadmill
the tendency for people to quickly return to their baseline level of happiness after experiencing a significant positive or negative life event
94
divided-attention task
memorize material or perform an activity while monitoring something else
95
memory-systems perspective
memory is divided into procedural, semantic, and episodic
96
procedural memory
information remembered automatically
- long term memory
97
semantic memory
ability to recall facts and basic knowledge
- long-term, vocabulary, etc.
98
episodic memory
ongoing events of daily life
- what, who, when, where
99
mnemonic technique
a memory technique to make things easier to remember
- ROYGBIV
100
socioemotional selectivity theory
time left to live affects priorities and social relationships
- young people focus on the future while old people do not
101
paradox of well-being
Older people often report having a good well-being even as their health is declining.
102
positivity effect
old people only focus on positive experiences
103
integrity v. despair
integrity:
- being at peace with your life
- having a sense of meaning
despair:
- feeling a sense of dread that you having done enough with your life as you reach the end
104
social security v. private pensions
SS: government-funded program
PP: saving accounts by employees
105
age discrimination
Defined as illegally laying off workers or failing to hire
or promote them on the basis of age (usually 40+)
106
old-age dependency ratio
measure the burden of population aging in different countries
107
intergenerational equity
balancing the needs of the young and the old
108
widowhood mortality effect
increased risk of death that people experience after the loss of a spouse
109
normal aging
things like slower processing speed, decreased vision and hearing
110
ADL
activities of daily life
111
instrumental ADL problems
difficulties in performing complex, everday tasks
- cooking, shopping, driving, etc.
112
basic ADL limitations
difficulties in performing basic self-care tasks
- bathing, eating, dressing, etc.
113
socioeconomic health gap
- usually well off people live longer
- Education and nurturing close relationships are predictors of aging rate and survival
114
Hispanic paradox
the tendency of Hispanic Americans having better health outcomes despite facing socioeconomic disadvantages
115
health span
how long someone is healthy and able to do things they enjoy
116
presbyopia
condition that affects a person's ability to focus on nearby objects
117
presbycusis
age-related hearing loss
118
elderspeak
- babytalk
- talking slower
- simpler vocabulary
119
osteoporosis
causes bones to become weak and more likely to break
120
vascular dementia
caused by multiple small strokes
- affects blood flow
121
alzheimers disease
age-related dementia
- genetically linked
- severe memory loss
- neurons are replaced by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles
122
senile plaques
protein deposits in the brain that are a hallmark of alzheimers
123
Medicare
a federal health insurance program that covers a variety of services for people of different ages and health conditions
124
continuing care retirement community
a long-term care option to keep elderly people from having to move locations when their level of care is changed
125
assisted-living facility
provides housing, meals, and personal care services for people who need help with daily activities but not as much as a nursing home
126
day-care program
a structured, safe place for older adults who need assistance or supervision during the day
127
home health services
a range of medical care and therapy that can be delivered in a patient's home
128
Nursing home/long-term care facility
- for people with basic ADL impairments
- 24-hour care
- often involves entry after trauma
- primarily funded by Medicaid
129
CNA
CNAs help patients with daily activities like eating, bathing, dressing, and using the toilet
130
3 pathways to death
1. people who die quickly
- heartattack
2. death after steady decline
- cancer in an advanced stage
3. dying in a long, erratic process
- congestive heart failure
131
denial
not accepting that death is imminent
- stage 1
132
anger
frustration or resentment to the situation, one's self or others
- stage 2
133
bargaining
attempting to negotiate with a higher power or fate
- stage 3
134
depression
a period of sadness, hopelessness, and withdrawal
- stage 4
135
acceptance
finding peace with the inevitable
- stage 5
136
middle knowledge
when people know their illness is
terminal, the awareness of dying may not
penetrate completely
137
Persistent-complex bereavement-related disorder (chronic grief)
feeling greif and intense sadness from a death longer than 6 months
138
dying trajectory
refers to how hospital personnel make predictions and organize care about what pattern the person’s dying likely to follow
139
end-of-life instruction
legal documents that outline your preferences for medical care if you are unable to communicate them
140
palliative care
Any strategy designed
not to cure illness but
to promote a dignified
dying
141
home hospice
providing palliative care for dying patients in their home and supporting grieving family
142
advance directive
written documents spelling out instructions with regard to life-prolonging treatment if the person becomes irretrievably ill and cannot communicate his or her wishes
- include living wills, DNR, etc.
143
living will
this document states your wishes for treatment and interventions if you are unable to communicate them
144
durable power of attorney
this document names a person to make healthcare decisions for you if you are unable to
145
DNR
do not resuscitate
146
DNH
do not hospitalize
147
passive euthanasia
letting someone die naturally by removing medical treatment or life support
148
active euthanasia
The intentional act of killing a patient to end their suffering
149
physician-assisted suicide
a physician giving a dying patient a life-ending medication that they themselves have to choose to take
150
age-based rationing of care
the idea that society should not use
expensive life-sustaining technologies on people in their old-old years
