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Biology 112 > FINAL EXAM WORDS TO KNOW > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM WORDS TO KNOW Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

What are Choanocytes?

A

Specialized cells that trap and digest food particles using flagella.

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2
Q

What are Amoebocytes?

A

Mobile cells that transport nutrients and help with sponge repair.

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3
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

The process where cells engulf and digest food or debris.

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4
Q

What is Mesohyl?

A

The gel-like tissue inside a sponge that holds cells and structures.

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5
Q

What are Spicules?

A

Rigid, needle-like structures that provide support and protection in sponges.

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6
Q

What is Spongin?

A

A flexible, fibrous protein that gives sponges their soft structure.

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7
Q

What is an Osculum?

A

The large opening where water exits the sponge.

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

What is intracellular digestion?

A

Food is broken down inside cells.

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10
Q

What is extracellular digestion?

A

Food is digested outside cells in a cavity or gut.

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11
Q

What is a gastrovascular cavity?

A

A single opening digestive space in simple animals.

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12
Q

What does diploblastic mean?

A

Organisms with two germ layers (ectoderm and endoderm).

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13
Q

What is mesoglea?

A

Gel-like layer between tissue layers in jellyfish and corals.

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14
Q

What is Cnidaria?

A

A group including jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones.

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15
Q

What are basal eumetazoans?

A

Primitive animals with true tissues, like Cnidarians.

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16
Q

What is the epidermis?

A

The outermost tissue layer of an organism.

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17
Q

What is the gastrodermis?

A

The inner tissue layer that helps with digestion.

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18
Q

What is a nerve net?

A

A simple, web-like nervous system found in jellyfish.

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19
Q

What is a medusa?

A

The free-swimming, bell-shaped form of jellyfish.

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20
Q

What is Ctenophora?

A

Comb jellies, marine animals with rows of beating cilia.

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21
Q

What are comb jellies?

A

Gelatinous sea creatures with comb-like ciliary rows.

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22
Q

What are lophotrochozoans?

A

A major animal group including worms, mollusks, and rotifers.

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23
Q

What are Platyhelminthes?

A

Flatworms, simple animals with a flattened body.

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24
Q

What are tardigrada?

A

Water bears, tiny animals known for extreme survival abilities.

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25
What is the surface area to volume ratio?
The relationship between size and energy exchange; smaller organisms have higher ratios.
26
What are ganglia?
Clusters of nerve cells for processing information.
27
What are ventral nerve cords?
Nerve bundles running along the belly in many invertebrates.
28
What are eyespots?
Simple light-detecting structures found in flatworms.
29
What are protonephridia?
Simple kidney-like structures for filtering waste in flatworms.
30
What are flame bulbs?
Specialized cells that help with excretion in flatworms.
31
What are trematodes?
Parasitic flatworms, including flukes.
32
What is schistosomiasis?
A disease caused by Trematode parasites affecting the liver and intestines.
33
What is a scolex?
The hooked head of a tapeworm for attachment.
34
What are proglottids?
Segments of a tapeworm, each carrying reproductive organs.
35
What is Rotifera?
Microscopic aquatic filter feeders with rotating mouth parts.
36
What are rotifers?
Tiny wheel-like creatures that filter feed in freshwater.
37
What is parthenogenesis?
Asexual reproduction, where eggs develop without fertilization.
38
What is Ectoprocta?
Bryozoans, small colony-forming filter feeders.
39
What is Brachiopoda?
Marine organisms with two shell halves, resembling clams.
40
What are suspension feeders?
Organisms that filter small particles from water.
41
What is a lophophore?
A crown of tentacles used for filter feeding.
42
What is a pedicle?
A stalk that anchors some marine animals to surfaces.
43
What is Mollusca?
A diverse phylum including snails, clams, and squids.
44
What is the visceral mass?
The soft internal organs of mollusks.
45
What is an open circulatory system?
A system where blood isn’t enclosed in vessels, bathing organs directly.
46
What is the mantle?
The tissue layer in mollusks that produces the shell.
47
What is the mantle cavity?
The space housing gills and other organs in mollusks.
48
What is a radula?
A tooth-like scraping organ in mollusks for feeding.
49
What are trochophore larvae?
A swimming larval stage of mollusks and annelids.
50
What is Gastropoda?
Mollusks including snails and slugs.
51
What are viscera twists?
A body twisting process in snails during development.
52
What are ciliated gills?
Gills covered in tiny hair-like structures for respiration.
53
What are clapping valves?
Bivalves (like scallops) move by opening and closing their shells.
54
What is Cephalopoda?
Squids, octopuses, and cuttlefish, intelligent mollusks.
55
What is a siphon?
A tube-like organ used for movement or feeding in mollusks.
56
What is Annelida?
A phylum of segmented worms, including earthworms and leeches.
57
What is segmentation?
The division of the body into repeating sections.
58
What is a closed circulatory system?
A system where blood stays inside vessels.
59
What is a gizzard?
A muscular organ that grinds food in some animals.
60
What are metanephridia?
Organs that filter waste from blood in annelids.
61
What are parapodia?
Limb-like structures in marine worms for movement.
62
What are bristles?
Small hair-like structures aiding movement in worms.
63
What are deposit-feeders?
Animals that consume organic material from sediments.
64
What is an anti-coagulant?
A substance that prevents blood clotting, found in leeches.
65
What is Nematoda?
Roundworms, simple worms found in soil and water.
66
What is ecdysis?
The process of molting or shedding the outer cuticle.
67
What is a trichina worm?
A parasitic nematode causing trichinosis, found in undercooked meat.
68
What are ecdysozoans?
Animals that shed their exoskeleton to grow.
69
What is hemolymph?
The fluid equivalent to blood in some invertebrates.
70
What are book lungs?
Stacked respiratory structures in spiders for breathing.
71
What is a tracheal system?
A network of tubes for oxygen exchange in insects.
72
What are chelicerae?
Fang-like mouthparts in arachnids for piercing food.
73
What is a cephalothorax?
The fused head and thorax in some arthropods.
74
What are eurypterids?
Extinct sea scorpions, ancient relatives of arachnids.
75
What are arachnids?
Spiders, scorpions, and ticks, part of the Chelicerata group.
76
What are pedipalps?
Leg-like mouthparts in arachnids for sensing or grabbing prey.
77
What are myriapods?
A group including millipedes and centipedes.
78
What are detritivores?
Organisms that consume decaying organic matter.
79
What are copepods?
Small aquatic crustaceans that are crucial in food chains.
80
What are Malpighian tubules?
Organs that filter waste in insects, like kidneys.
81
What is an endoskeleton?
A skeleton inside the body, like in vertebrates.
82
What is a water-vascular system?
A system in echinoderms used for movement and feeding, like in starfish.

Biology 112 (6 decks)

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