Final Heart

Question 1

1 cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

dilated: hypocontracting, all chambers
thin, floppy walls
enlarged chamber
globoid shape

Question 2

etiology of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 2

#1: alcohol
#2: viral

Question 3

hist of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 3

non-specific cellular abnormalities:

• variations in myocyte size
• myocyte vacuolization
• loss of myofibrillar material
• fibrosis

Question 4

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

hypercontracting, one chamber (left ventricle)
smaller chamber, very thick walls
thick septum

Question 5

hist of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

hypertrophy of myocardial fibers, prominent dark nuclei, interstitial fibrosis

Question 6

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 6

impaired ventricular wall motion due to infiltration of myocardium with abnormal tissue
walls appear normal

Question 7

most common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

• amyloidosis: pale, pink material between myocardial fibers

- hemochromatosis: excess iron deposition

Question 8

which valves are affected by bacteria in endocarditis

Answer 8

left sided valves (mitral and aortic)

Question 9

which valves are affected by IV drug use in endocarditis?

Answer 9

right side

Question 10

hist of infectious endocarditis?

Answer 10

friable vegetation of fibrin and platelets and bacterial colonies

Question 11

What are #1 and #2 causes of community aquired endocarditis?

Answer 11

#1 Staph aureus, not MRSA
#2 alpha hemolytic strep viridans

Question 12

What are #1 and #2 causes of nosocomial endocarditis?

Answer 12

#1: staph aureus MRSA
#2: alpha hemolytic strep viridans
*increased risk of fungal

Question 13

What are #1 and #2 causes of culture negative endocarditis?

Answer 13

#1: fungi
#2: enterococcus

Question 14

Risk factors for endocarditis

Answer 14

RHD
artificial valves
IC
IV drug users
alcoholics
catheters

Question 15

native valve endocarditis bug

Answer 15

alpha hemolytic strep viridans

Question 16

prosthetic valve bug

Answer 16

staph epidermitis

Question 17

IV drug user bug

Answer 17

staph aureus

Question 18

alcoholics bug

Answer 18

anaerobes/oral cavity bugs

Question 19

GU tract/indwelling catheter bugs

Answer 19

E. coli

Question 20

skin bugs

Answer 20

staph epidermitis

Question 21

carcinoma of the colon bug

Answer 21

strep bovis

Question 22

ssx of endocarditis

Answer 22

roth spots

splinter hem

Question 23

Types of Culture Neg Endocarditis:
Libman-sacks: what causes it?
Marantic: what causes it?

Answer 23

Libman-sacks: caused by SLE and has flat spreading vegetations
Marantic endocarditis: caused by hypercoagulative state (Trouseeus syndrome) and has small pink vegetations. Can also be associated with lung and pancreatic cancer

Question 24

hist of myocarditis

Answer 24

lymph infiltrate around heart muscle cells

Question 25

what causes rheumatic fever?

Answer 25

GABHS | anti-strep M proteins cross react with cardiac myosin

Question 26

hist of rheumatic fever

Answer 26

aschoff bodies (pathognomonic for carditis due to RHD)

Question 27

most important sequelae of rheumatic fever

Answer 27

mitral stenosis (fish mouth)

Question 28

Chronic rheumatic heart disease

Answer 28

valve problems from rheumatic fever | erythema marginatum

Question 29

Hist of Post MI pericarditis and Dresslers Syndrome

Answer 29

fibrinous bread and butter heart

Question 30

What is number one cause of myocarditis?

Answer 30

coxackie virus

Question 31

3 most common types of valvular disorder

Answer 31

``` #1 aortic stenosis #2 MVP #3 Mitral Regurg ```

Question 32

Dresslers syndrome

Answer 32

``` autoimmune post MI (weeks to months after) ```

Question 33

Post MI pericarditis

Answer 33

inflammatory reaction | 1-2 days after MI

Question 34

hemorrhagic pericarditis

Answer 34

``` TB Tumor bacterial infection bleeding disorder trauma ```

Question 35

most common tumor of heart

Answer 35

atrial myxoma

Question 36

Most common cardiomyopathy?

Answer 36

dilated (90% of all non-ischemic cardiomyopathy)

Question 37

MVP

Answer 37

one or both mitral leaflets are floppy and balloon back into left atrium during systole - dt myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve - women age 20-40