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OTB 529-Research > Final II > Flashcards

Final II Flashcards

1
Q

Most frequently occuring value

Mode

Drop-out rate

Median

Mean

A

Mode

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2
Q

average

Median

Mean

Mode

T-Test

A

Mean

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3
Q

consistency of measurement; a measure of the reproducibility of a measurement”

Validity

Demographics

Reliability

Recall biases

A

Reliability

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4
Q

half point

Validity

Median

Mode

Mean

A

Median

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5
Q

Participants receiving another form of intervention at the same time of the study can influence the results in either direction.

Drop-out rate

Cohort Study

Correlation

Co-intervention

A

Co-intervention

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6
Q

observational in nature and are known as descriptive research, not causal or relational, meaning that you can’t use them to determine the cause of something, such as a disease. Researchers record the information that is present in a population, but they do not manipulate variables.

Cross-sectional

Clinical bottom line

Regression

Ratio Variable

A

Cross-sectional

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7
Q

Parametric data/More complex version of T test, compares 3 or more groups./One way ______ is used if there is only one outcome or independent variable being analyzed/Reported as F (df, df), = #,##, P

A

ANOVA

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8
Q

Studying an intervention/treatment but may not having randomized subjects to groups, or may only have one group.

Paired samples

Quasi-experimental

Inclusion criteria

Outcome measures

A

Quasi-experimental

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9
Q

rank what we are measuring, but the difference between rank order is not even. - difference between them is not measurable IE; socioeconomic status, level of agreement, pain.

Ordinal variables:

Co-intervention

Recall biases

Ratio Variable

A

Ordinal variables:

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10
Q

what did they use to select participants? Diagnosis, age, severity level of ?

Exclusion criteria

Reliability

Inclusion criteria

Outcome measures

A

Inclusion criteria

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11
Q

comparison between pre and post test score in a single group before and fair design;
Reported as t=#,##, P

A

Paired samples

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12
Q
  1. Identify clinical questions
  2. Appraisal of evidence
  3. Application of evidence
  4. Consider the clients needs
  5. Evaluate the clinic outcomes

Recall biases

Reliability

Steps to EBP

Chi-square

A

Steps to EBP

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13
Q

(hard numbers)

Systematic Review

Central tendency

Interval variable:

Parametric Variables

A

Parametric Variables

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14
Q

study design that randomly assigns participants into an experimental group or a control group. As the study is conducted, the only expected difference between the control and experimental groups in a ________ is the outcome variable being studied.

RCT (Randomized Control Trial)

Evidence based practice

Quasi-experimental

IRB and informed consent

A

RCT (Randomized Control Trial)

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15
Q

different training, specialties; train and standardized

Timing of intervention:

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

IRB and informed consent

Use of different therapist

A

Use of different therapist

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16
Q

a clinical decision making framework that encourages clinicians to integrate information from high quality quantitative and qualitative research with the clinician’s clinical expertise and the client’s background, preferences and values when making decisions

Logistic Regression

Evidence based practice

Ordinal variables:

Clinical bottom line

A

Evidence based practice

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17
Q

Patient/Population;Intervention;Comparison;Outcome

Co-intervention

Site of intervention

PICO development

Outcome measures

A

PICO development

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18
Q

Used for nonparametric with 3 or more groups

Use of different therapist

Site of intervention

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

T-Test

A

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

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19
Q

Nominal variables: qualitative classification, can answer yes or no to them. Gender, race, color, city, etc.

Mann-Whitney U test

Non-parametric variables

Interval variable:

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

A

Non-parametric variables

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20
Q

hat did they do to limit the study population

Drop-out rate

Exclusion criteria

Inclusion criteria

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

A

Exclusion criteria

21
Q

measurement bias that results from misclassification of exposure secondary to over or under reporting of the exposure (Learning/self-report ; people remember things more positively)

Ratio Variable

Correlation

Paired samples

Recall biases

A

Recall biases

22
Q

0.05 = 95% positive intervention ; 5% it was by chance ; p-value 0.01 1% chance it was by chance

Interval variable:

Mann-Whitney U test

Inclusion criteria

significant p value

A

significant p value

23
Q

the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.

Regression

Meta-Analysis

Reliability

Demographics

A

Demographics

24
Q

protect any patient in a study; patient needs to know what they are doing; (incarnated; children; older adults; cognitive impaired individuals, pregnant women)

IRB and informed consent

Ordinal variables:

Quasi-experimental

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

A

IRB and informed consent

25
Q

any individual associated with an experiment who is not aware of how subjects have been allocated to treatment groups

Validity

Blinding

Correlation

Reliability

A

Blinding

26
Q

what to consider: reliability/validity; time/cost/ inter-reliability; training; face to face contact; equipment needed, space needed

Co-intervention

Quasi-experimental

Outcome measures

Chi-square

A

Outcome measures

27
Q

A systematic review that uses quantitative methods to summarize the results.

Demographics

Meta-Analysis

Reliability

standard deviation

A

Meta-Analysis

28
Q

a variable that meets the criteria for an interval variable but also has a meaningful zero point; can have a zero- definable zero point- has a true zero (temperature, test score)
Pain is not a parametric variable- subjective- can’t quantify it.

Interval variable:

Ratio Variable

Logistic Regression

Ordinal variables:

A

Ratio Variable

29
Q

Authors have systematically searched for, appraised, and summarized all of the medical literature for a specific topic.

Systematic Review

Quasi-experimental

Paired samples

Interval variable:

A

Systematic Review

30
Q

You have read the article, what the article is about and how it implicates my practice as an OT. Summary (intervention) sentence (implications to OT practice includes) to show how this will impact and guide OT practice. Particular to practice setting or populations. Does it affect/impact practice?

Clinical bottom line

Ordinal variables:

RCT (Randomized Control Trial)

Logistic Regression

A

Clinical bottom line

31
Q

comparing outcomes of control vs experimental group in experimental designs

Independent samples

Case-Control Study

Contamination

Interval variable:

A

Independent samples

32
Q

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other

Regression

Paired samples

Correlation

Cohort Study

A

Correlation

33
Q

Mean, Median, Mode

Recall biases

Exclusion criteria

Central tendency

Parametric Variables

A

Central tendency

34
Q

Identifies patients who have the outcome of interest (cases) and control patients without the same outcome, and looks for exposure of interest.

Case-Control Study

Contamination

Cohort Study

Steps to EBP

A

Case-Control Study

35
Q

not a true zero. IE: age, weight, muscle power, blood pressure, height. Most studies contain this time of variable.

Ordinal variables:

Systematic Review

standard deviation

Interval variable:

A

Interval variable:

36
Q

measurement used to quantify the variability of data dispersion, in a set of given values

Interval variable:

significant p value

Systematic Review

standard deviation

A

standard deviation

37
Q

participants dropped out skews data

Meta-Analysis

PICO development

Co-intervention

Drop-out rate

A

Drop-out rate

38
Q

identifies two groups of patients, one which did receive the exposure of interest, and one which did not, and following these cohorts forward for the outcome of interest.

Co-intervention

Correlation

Steps to EBP

Cohort Study

A

Cohort Study

39
Q

Consider whether the intervention was provided over a short or extended period of time.

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

Site of intervention

Inclusion criteria

Timing of intervention:

A

Timing of intervention:

40
Q

comfort; motivating; translate better;

PICO development

Timing of intervention:

Site of intervention

Kruskal-Wallis H Test

A

Site of intervention

41
Q

Used as a predictor/Is a type of analysis designed to predict the level of another variable/Only those variables that could account for as a predictive condition are included./Reported as R squared =, #

Cross-sectional

Correlation

Chi-square

Regression

A

Regression

42
Q

occurs when participants of the control group receive the intervention inadvertently thus the difference in outcomes between the two groups may be reduced. This favors the control group.

Contamination

Correlation

Independent samples

Co-intervention

A

Contamination

43
Q

Nonparametric test that is the nonparametric version of paired samples t-test/It is represented by “t”’

Non-parametric variables

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

Timing of intervention:

Mann-Whitney U test

A

Wilcoxon signed ranks test

44
Q

Used to analyse tallies or frequencies of nominal or categorical data/Test the degree of independence of 2 or more groups/Reported as Xsquared (df)=###,#, P

A

Chi-square

45
Q

Used to compare the means of the 2 groups of measurements

Regression

Outcome measures

Meta-Analysis

T-Test

A

T-Test

46
Q

A statistical analysis which determines an individual’s risk of the outcome as a function of a risk factor. The outcome of interest has two categories./used to predict the outcome of categorical variable (dependent variables)

Logistic Regression

Clinical bottom line

Systematic Review

Evidence based practice

A

Logistic Regression

47
Q

The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure; the property of a measurement that indicates HOW WELL it measures the characteristic

Recall biases

Validity

Cohort Study

Chi-square

A

Validity

48
Q

non parametric equivalent of independent samples t-test/Analyses the degree of separation
Reported as “U’ or “U”

standard deviation

Interval variable:

Non-parametric variables

Mann-Whitney U test

A

Mann-Whitney U test

OTB 529-Research (3 decks)

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