Research Questions Flashcards
-which type of study is this?
an investigation in which neither the subject under study nor any of the variables of interest are manipulated in any way. it draws inferences about the possible effect of a treatment on subjects, where the assignment of subjects into a treated group versus a control group is outside the control of the investigator.
observational study
-which type of study is this?
Describe the experience of a single patient or a group of patients with similar diagnosis (usually something unusual). Descriptive, Useful for formulating hypotheses
case report
-which type of study is this?
“Snapshot” - all measurements are taken single period point in time
Done at the level of the individual - often with surveys
cross-sectional
which type of study is this?
Participants defined on the basis of presence or absence of an exposure
At the time exposure defined, all participants must be free of disease/condition being studied. Participants are followed over time to assess outcome(s) of interest. Can be prospective or retrospective
cohort study
-which type of study is this?
Participants selected based on disease status and identify previous exposures Two groups are identified on the basis of health status - those with the disease/condition (the cases) and do not who do not have the disease/condition (the controls) Cases are compared to controls to ascertain whether particular risk factors were more common in one group than the other Retrospective in design
case control
-which type of study is this?
There are two groups, one treatment group and one control group. The treatment group receives the treatment under investigation, and the control group receives either no treatment or some standard default treatment. Patients are randomly assigned to all groups. Assigning patients at random reduces the risk of bias and increases the probability that differences between the groups can be attributed to the treatment.
RCT
-which type of study is this?
the treatment consists of two periods and the participants receive both treatments in successive order. a ‘within subject’ trial - each patient receives both treatments and each patient serves as their own control
randomized double blind crossover trial
Which of these has the most bias control and least: Experimental design or case report?
most bias control = experimental design
least bias control = case report
What type of research is the best to use for interventions and is considered an experimental design?
RCT
This draws conclusions about a topic from cumulative evidence of multiple RCTs, synthesizes original evidence that has been critically appraised, and usually focuses on RCTs.
Systems Reviews and Meta Analysis
Studying an intervention/treatment but may not having randomized subjects to groups, or may only have one group.
a. experimental design
b. quasi-experimental design
c. non-experimental design
d. case report
quasi-experimental design
No experimental manipulation/intervention of subjects. Observational study.
a. experimental design
b. quasi-experimental design
c. non-experimental design
d. case report
non-experimental design
Descriptions of practice; they describe what occurred in a formal, scientific way. Not research studies.
a. experimental design
b. quasi-experimental design
c. non-experimental design
d. case report
d. case report
“the property of a measurement that indicates HOW WELL it measures the characteristic”
e.g., does a test measures what it’s supposed to?
Validity
“a measure of the reproducibility of a measurement”
2 types
reliability
