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Final KMS Flashcards

1
Q

3 phases of stress inoculation

A

1.Education
2. Skill acquisition/rehearsal
3. Application

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2
Q

benefits of relaxation

A

muscle tension, depression, fatigue, insomnia, back pain, high blood pressure

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3
Q

conceptualization of depression from psychoanalytic perspective

A

Freud conceptualizes depression as a reaction to loss, with anger toward the lost
object/person/feeling turned inward on the self; self-punishment
● Therapy involves looking beyond the loss, uncovering its deeper meaning, and mastering
unconscious issues

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4
Q

conceptualization of depression from a behavioral perspective

A

Low levels of reward, high levels of punishment
○ Depressive behaviors are learned and maintained because of reinforcement

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5
Q

two properties of good communication

A

1) Expression of feelings openly & directly.
2) Encouraging the other individual to express their feelings.

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6
Q

identify the distortion

A

Write down your negative thoughts, identify the corresponding distortion(s)

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7
Q

Examine the evidence

A

examining evidence for negative thoughts

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8
Q

Double Standard Method

A

would you say this to a friend?

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8
Q

The Experimental Technique

A

Do an experiment to test the validity of your negative thought.

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8
Q

5) Thinking in Shades of Gray-

A

Combats all or nothing thought. Evaluate things on a range from 0-100.

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8
Q

The Survey Method

A

ask people questions to find out if your thoughts and attitudes are realistic.

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8
Q

Define Terms

A

if you give yourself a negative label, ask yourself to define these labels.

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8
Q

The Semantic Method

A

Simply substitute language that is less colorful, emotionally loaded.

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8
Q

Re attribution

A

instead of automatically blaming yourself for an issue, examine what other factors may have contributed to it

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8
Q

Cost Benefit Analysis

A

List pros and cons of a particular thought, feeling, or belief.

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8
Q

characteristics of bad communico

A

truth, blame, martyrdom, put-down (imply the other person is a loser bc they always/never do something), hopelessness, demandingness ( demand better treatment without asking directly), passive agression, self blame, helping (just want to solve the other’s prblem), sarcasm ( words/tone of voice convey tension or hostility), scapegoating ( insisting the other person has a problem and youre sane and happy), defensiveness, counterattack, diversion ( listing past injustices)

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9
Q

10 forms of twisted thinking

A

all or nothing ( black or white) , overgeneralization ( always , never), mental filter ( 1 negative detail and dwell), discounting the positive, jumping to conclusions, magnification ( importance of shortcomings), emotional reasoning , should statements, labeling, personalization and blame, fortune telling

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10
Q

Five steps are involved in Meichenbaum’s self-instructional training. List all five of them, then explain what happens during the cognitive modeling phase.

A

Cognitive modeling- therapist says outloud
Cognitive participant modeling- client does the same thing and while therapist instructs client
Overt self-instruction- client repeats instructions and does task
Fading overt self-instruction- whisper instructions
Covert self-instruction- client does without speaking

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11
Q

psychoanalytic perspective

A

Using some of the oldest forms of converting people to a new faith, cognitive therapists systematically tear apart the patient’s worldview
Patients are invalidated and confused as their own explanations for their problems are characterized as dysfunctional or irrational
Cognitive therapists ram away at the clients’ ego processes and they thus become vulnerable to whatever the therapist is selling
Cognitive therapist offers intellectualization and rationalization

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12
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Alienation not negative schema, is the syndrome of our age
Too many people have list the ability to be outraged over the injustices of society
Cognitive therapists recognize the power of collaboration, but your own research evidence shows that empathy, support, warmth, and all those quintessential feel-touchy parts of the relationship prove just as efficacious in cognitive therapy

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13
Q

Cultural perspective

A

Rational thinking and the scientific orientation may fit well with the preferred processes of stoic white, male euro-americans
May neither fit nor respond to the diverse ways of knowing non-whites, nonmales, and non-europeans
Challenging beliefs does not fit well with some cultures and genders
may reinforce a woman’s sense of inadequacy
Problems with people and the way to fix them are located inside the individual’s head, rather than out in the culture and in the world

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14
Q

Integrative perspective

A

Some patients distress themselves by thinking in demanding or absolute terms
Cognitive therapies jump to generalization that virtually all patients do so
Cognitive therapists behave as though cognitive therapy is the treatment choice for everyone
Overgeneralizations negate the tragic side of life, and devalue the emotional side of humans
Cognitive therapy overgeneralizes about the status of certain emotions

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15
Q

behavioral perpective on criticisms

A

Vast majority of studies no formal assessment was performed on the extent to which REBT could be distinguished from comparison treatments
Difficult to rationalize how a therapist advocating empirical solutions has himself procured so much dialogue and so few studies

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16
Q

what techniques are helpful in expressing feelings

A

Drawing pictures
Writing letter
Journal
Using metaphors, analogies
Scaling
Role playing

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17
no sandwich
Affirm the relationship, say no to the request, then express appreciation for having been asked
18
5 types of therpists & which is the best
theoretician, technician, magician, politician, clinician (best)
19
4 steps to happiness by Burns
Identify the upsetting event Record your negative feelings The triple-column technique Outcome
20
rules for assertive body langauage
Maintain direct eye contact Maintain an erect body posture Speak clearly, audibly, and firmly Do not whine or use an apologetic tone of voice Make use of gestures and facial expressions for emphasis
21
CBT is best for treating which disorder
depresso and anxietio
22
explain how saying yes to something explicity means saying no to something else
you have to make trade-offs; the costs may be small individually, but they can have major cumulative effects on social, emotional, or physical well-being
23
In the Greenberger article, two cognitive characteristics of suicidal patients are discussed. Name one and describe/define it.
Constriction: When the range of choices is narrowed to two Ambivalence: The feeling of wanting to live and simultaneously wanting to die
24
3 levels of case formulation
level of case, level of problem, level of situation
25
5 components of CB Case formualtion
problem list, working, hypothesis, strengths and assets, treatment plan
26
Three attribution styles
Stability Internality Globality
27
Attribution
explanation for an observed event or an account of what caused something to happen
28
A, B, C's for problem solving therapy
A - antecedents B - behaviors C - consequences
29
biofeedback
allows clients to become conscious of changes in their blood pressure, pulse rate, brain waves, dilation of blood vessels, and other biological functions
30
coping cards
these cards typically contain information, prompts, or reminders about coping techniques and strategies that individuals can use to deal with stress, anxiety, or other emotional difficulties. The purpose of coping cards is to provide quick and accessible reminders of healthy coping mechanisms.
31
Downward arrow
whats the worst that would happen if, whats the worst that would happen if- gets down to the root of the problem
32
changing core beliefs
replacing belief, examining evidence, socratic questioning
33
role playing
therapists pretends to be rational/irrational thoughts
34
shame attacking
do what you're most afraid of so you can realize the world doesn't come to an end after all
35
steps to thought stopping & ways its effective
List your stressful thoughts Imagine the thought Thought interruption Unaided thought interruption Thought substitution able to visualize and anticipate worry & stopping it
36
Re-attribution
attribute the cause of a problem to something other than you “badness”
37
How to imporve motivational issues
cost benefit analysis, you questions, pleasure predicting sheet
38
feared fantasy technique
confront fears in a dramatic way
39
pleasure predicting sheet
list activity, who it is with, predicted & actual pleasure from it
40
critical incident echnique
when patient, family member, teacher, s/0 recalls an events that is indicative of patient's problems
41
reasons patients fail to complete homework assignments
love addiction- love and closeness are the key to happiness perfectionistic thinking- if not perfect, why do them at all putting the cart before the horse- may have the belief that motivation comes before action unexpressed anger- resent therpaist for something they said hoplesness coercion sensitivity- people are trying to force you fatalism- mood governs forces that are out of your control fear of blame internal v external expectations resistance to a structured fast acting approach self labeling different priorities entitlement fear of change shame emotional reasoning low frustration tolerance superman/woman- if you ask for help youre weak lack of direction realism of depression reluctance to give up negative feelings mmedical model- they should be cured passicity-talking to therpaist is enough
42
two steps to breaking bad habits
1) minimize or avoid immediate reward 2) make long term negative consequence seem more immediate
43
breathing exercises
one hand on chest one on belly, palms up, deep belly breaths, breath counting, breathing for tension relief, signing, yawning
44
3 levels of tension
Active tensing - tensing each part Threshold tensing - tensing one muscle group Passive tensing- noticing tension in body
45
3 basic meditations
mantra, sitting, breath counting
46
3 steps of meditation
grounding, breathing, attitude
47
what type of attitude should you maintain when meditating
passive (lack of concern that you're doing things correctly)
48
benefits of visualization
treats stress, physical illness, headaches, spasms, chronic pain, anxiety, more focus
49
3 types of visualization
receptive- sketch image of a scene, ask a question, wait for response programmed- create an image with sensory feelings and imagine a goal guided- visualize a scene in detail, wait for inner guide to supply missing pieces
50
applied relaxation training
Brings together a number of proven relaxation techniques Progressive muscle relaxation Release only relaxation Cue-controlled relaxation Rapid relaxation Applied relaxation
51
10 attitudes that keep you from expressing your feelings
confluct phobia, emotional perfectionism, fear of disproval, passive aggressiveness, hoeplesness, low self esteem, spontaneity (believe you have the right to say precisely what you think your feelinsg) mind reading, martyrdom ( don't wanna give the satisfaction), need to solve problems
52
10 attitudes that prevent you from listening
truth, blame, need to be a victim, self deception, defensiveness, coercion sensitivity, demandingness, selfishness, mistrust, help addiction
53
agressive, passive, passive agressive, assertive
agressive- opinions, feelings, wants are stated but at the expense of someone else's feelings passive- opinions feelings wants are withheld passive agressive- expressed indirectly- pouting, storming out or slamming doors assertive- opinions, feelings, wants expressed without violating rights of others
54
content to process shift
shift the focus of the discussion from the topic to an analysis of what is going on between the two of you
55
assertivve agreement
acknowledge criticism you agree with, you don’t need to give an explanation unless you wish to
56
assertive inquiry
invite criticism to find out what is really bothering the other person
57
Heens steps to say no
good yes or bad yes recognize syaing yes means implicitely saying no buying yourself some time practice yes if no sandwich
58
T/F There is as much diversity within groups as there is between groups
T
59
5 ways CBT is well suited for multicultural work
Emphasizes the need to conduct case conceptualization and tailor interventions to client’s unique situation Emphasizes clients’ expertise regarding themselves and their ability to learn and apply skills in the future without the therapist Emphasizes conscious processes that can be described and taught Focuses on a holistic understanding of clients including cultural strengths and supports that can be used to reinforce desired change Firmly rooted in behaviorism, which focuses on the influence of environments on behavior
60
Limitations to CBT multiculutral applicaation
CBT focuses on individual rather than cultural influences or the past
61
T/F Culturally responsive practice begins with the therapist’s personal work
T
62
CLASS?
C - creating a healthy environment L - learning something new Could be a skill, habit, or information A - assertiveness S - social support S - self-care activities Could be physical, emotional, or spiritual
63
How is biculturalism helpful
Biculturalism is a helpful concept that can be used to emphasize the advantage of learning multiple skill sets and increase repertoire of skills from which a client can flexibly choose and adapt
64
ways culture affects jhomework
Cultural context may limit available homework options Cultural values and practices may facilitate the performance of homework Type of homework preferred In some cases the idea of homework will be off putting because it feels like school
65
Rule of thumb in treatment of depression
Rule of thumb in treatment is greater the dysfunction, greater the proportion of behavioral to cognitive interventions
66
4 types of depression
major depressive episode, dysthymic disorder (milder for 2 yrs), bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder (mild bipolar)
67
3 general aspects of psychotherapy for chronic pain
Teach patient pain-coping and pain-reduction strategies Teach patient to employ cognitive techniques for disputing beliefs that would undermine their acceptance of responsibility for employing coping and self-management techniques Problem of cognitions and behaviors that trigger and maintain pain
68
medical conceptualization of depresso
Heredity Brain chemistry Neurotransmitter imbalance, such as low levels of serotonin or norepinephrine Hormonal imbalance
69
humanistic conceptualiation of depresso
Depression stems from the recognition that we will not achieve our personal goals (self-actualization) and as a consequence, we give up responsibility
70
Normal sadness vs depresso
clinical depression- loss of interest, sleep disturbance, thoughts of suicide, pessimism sadness- precipitated by a legitimate stressor, fleeting symptoms, doesnt involve self esteem, doesnt lead to impairment in functioning, lower in magnitude
71
3 reasons therapy fails
empathy, Patient feels you haven’t listened to how bad they feel , Might feel angry and sad because of something you did or said
72
how to tune into lack of empathy
Ask for positive or negative feedback Fill out empathy scale
73
how to deal w backslifing
See it as part of human fallibility Refrain from rating yourself Challenge irrational beliefs about the backslide Keep looking for, finding, and actively and vigorously disputing irrational beliefs
74
2 components to agenda setting
Agreeing on a specific problem to work on Agreeing on the methods you will use to try to solve the problem
75
Criticism of behavioral & key issue
What is health in this model? Who defines what is adaptive and maladaptive behavior? Key issue- criterion question & essentisl failure of these theories to consider and challenge environmental stimi
76
limits to empiricism
Those using science and experimental methods assume that their findings represent the “truth” Methods tend to be linear, reductionistic, and cause-and-effect related
77
future directions
- becks more popular currently due to more collaborative, more prestigious academic appointments
78
what are two reasons for cog therapies current popularity
commitment to psychotherapy integration and dedication to empirical evaluation

CBT (2 decks)

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