Final - Lecture 10 Flashcards
(23 cards)
humanistic psychology
studies the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual
- drive toward self actualization
- humans are goal oriented, seek meaning, value, and creativity in their pursuits
foci of humanistic psychology
- inherent “goodness” of humans
- creativity
- love
- beauty and aesthetics
- human potential
- self-concept
- free will
self actualization
drive to realize or maximize one’s ultimate potential in life
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
self-actualization esteem social safety physiological
human needs
- universal: applies to all people and cultures
- hierarchical: lower level needs take precedence over higher level needs
- dynamic: as each level of needs is satisfied, individuals move to the next highest level of existence
- often unconscious: upper level needs are not clearly perceived or understood by individuals
psychopathology of normality
most of us function most of the time on a level lower than that of self-actualization
rarely happens, less than 1% of the adult population
needs vs wants
needs: basic/generic
wants: specific
correlation between products and the hierarchy
the higher the level, the less effectively products satisfy needs
higher level needs tend to be insatiable
growth and relatedness needs
socially shaped and attempted to satisfy with material objects and paid services
luxury of discontent
why are we so unhappy?
curse of opportunity
too many choices bring dissonance
luxury of regret
regret is the cause of discontent
self concept
- model based on self-assessment that an individual continuously performs in order to define and understand himself/herself
- critical process of self-actualization
- collection of self-schemas
self-schemas
individual beliefs and ideas that people have about themselves
- based on perceptions or beliefs about oneself regarding ones abilities, values, personality attributes, preferences, training and education, relative strengths or weaknesses
versions of self-concept
past self
present self
future self
ideal self
Alderfer’s ERG model
Psychological: growth (self actualization) and relatedness (social and esteem)
Physical: existence (physiological and security)
ERG Model aspects
non-hierarchical (constantly existing at all 3 levels)
compensatory
- across categories (ex obseity substituting food for love)
- within categories (finding productive activities outside of employment/satisfying growth needs through consumption rather than production)
theory of compensatory consumption
as individuals feel less control in their jobs, they will seek greater control through their spending
steffan linder’s theory of leisure, time, and consumption
the more we consume, the less time we have and the less satisfaction we experience
easterlin paradox
says that rich people are generally happier than poor people, but it really is not true
paradox of choice
cognitive dissonance/buyers remorse because too many options leads to a higher level
product meaning from external sources
- society based
- subculture based
- marketer provided
divestment rituals
discontinuation of special possessions through rituals or unique approaches
