Final: Lecture 16

Question 0

The brachial plexus is made of up the ________ _______ of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves (____)

Answer 0

• Ventral Rami

* C5-T1

Question 1

What are the three posterior compartment extension in the brachial plexus?

Answer 1

•Posterior cord, Axillary nerve, and Radial nerve

Question 2

For the arm (brachium), the medial and lateral intermuscular septa divide the _____ and ________

Answer 2

•Anterior and Posterior compartments

Question 3

________ innervates the anterior compartment of the arm and ______ the elbow joint.

Answer 3

• Musculocutaneous Nerve

* Flexes

Question 4

__________ innervates the posterior compartment of the arm and is a ______ of the elbow joint.

Answer 4

• Radial Nerve

* Extensor

Question 5

Erb’s Palsy (sensory deficits, motor deficits, and presentation)

Answer 5

• Sensory deficits: lateral aspects of upper limb
• Motor deficits: loss of arm abduction, loos of elbow flexion, loos of forearm supination, weakness of wrist extension
• Presentation*: upper limb is adducted, medially rotated and elbow is extended and wrist is flexed (“waiter’s tip” position)

Question 6

Klumpke’s Palsy (sensory and motor deficits, presentation)

Answer 6

• Sensory deficits: Medail aspect of upper limb (except axilla)
• Motor deficits: Loss of precision finger movement, weakness of forearm pronation, weakness of wrist and finger extension and flexion
• Presentation: “claw-hand” and may also be wasting of intrinsic hand muscles. Seen with attempted EXTENSION of digits, leaving 4th and 5th digits flexed

Question 7

Saturday Night Palsy

Answer 7

• nerve gets pinched due to certain sleep position resulting in loss of ability to extend wrist and digits
• “wrist drop”
• Injury to radial nerve (C5-T1)

Question 8

Quadrangular Space Syndrome

Answer 8

• injury to the axillary nerve (C5 and C6), can occur with fractures to surgical neck of humerus or dislocation
• improper use of backpack, involves compression of posterior circumflex humeral artery
• can result in impaired or lost function of deltoid and teres major

Question 9

Injuries to the Long Thoracic Nerve (C5, C6, C7) result in…..

Answer 9

• can be damaged during surgical removal of lymph nodes or other tissue in the axillary region
• serratus anterior is affected
• “winged scapula”, inability to raise arms past 90º

Question 10

Injuries to the Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1, and often C7)

Answer 10

• Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus or proximal ulna.
• slashed wrist
• damage will involve flexors of wrist, digits, and intrinsic hang muscles
• radial deviation at wrist joint, loss of ab and adduction of fingers, weak wrist flexion and some loss of flexion of digits
• losses depend on where nerve is damaged

Question 11

Injuries of the Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Answer 11

• can be injured by fracture of humerus above condyles, slashing of wrist, or by inflammation or irritation (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)
• flexors of wrist and digits affected, intrinsic hand muscles, particularly those that move digit 1 (thumb)
• “Ape Hand”