Final (Luke_216) Flashcards
(27 cards)
Geriatrics: NHANES, what is it?
NHANES 2017-2018 Data
It’s a program of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) that collects data on the health and nutritional status of people in the United States. It’s designed to assess the prevalence of diseases and risk factors, monitor trends in disease control, and track health-related behaviors.
Geriatrics: Added sugar limit, what are the recommended added sugar/fiber limits for men 50+ and women 50+?
Men 50+= 37g of sugar and 35g of fiber
Women 50+= 25g of sugar and 28g of fiber
Geriatrics: Food Safety, what can the elderly do to lower their risk of food poisoning?
- Wash hands and surfaces often
- Separate raw, cooked and ready to eat foods
- Cooks foods to safe temperature (use thermometer)
- Refrigerate or freeze perishable food within 2 hours of cooking
- Serve hot foods above 140 degrees and cold foods below 40 degrees
- When in doubt, throw it out!
Geriatrics: Sodium intake, how much sodium should the avg male intake? How does potassium affect your sodium intake?
Avg male sodium intake: Sodium = no more than 1500mg per day.
Adequate potassium intake (4700mg per day) will balance sodium intake.
Geriatrics: GERD, what can someone do to avoid getting GERD?
Avoiding irritants (chemical or mechanical)
- Spices, caffeine, chocolate, peppermint, citrus and tomato
- Food sensitivities?
- Eat smaller meals
- Sit upright for two hours before bed
- Lower fat meals and less alcohol
- Eat protein throughout the day instead of in two meals
- Weight Loss
Geriatrics: Blood pressure diet, what diet is associated with blood pressure? What does the diet consist of?
Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH Diet)
- Its low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat; Contains fewer sweets, added sugars and sugary beverages, and red meats than the typical American diet
- Focuses on fruits, vegetables, and fat-free or low-fat dairy products
- Its rich in whole grains, fish, poultry, beans, seeds, and nuts
Geriatrics: Exercise recommendation, what is physical activity referred to as in geriatric patients? What exercise recommendations should be given to the geriatric population?
Physical Activity: the “true fountain of youth”
Recommendations to Maintain or improve balance:
Resistance or weight-bearing activities
- Muscle strengthening involving all major muscle groups 2 times per week
Aerobic exercise
- At least 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise per week
Geriatrics: Atrophic Gastritis, what percentage of elderly suffer from atrophic gastritis? What vitamin is atrophic gastritis associated with?
30% elderly suffer from atrophic gastritis and decreased absorption of B12
Geriatrics: High Fiber, how many grams of fiber is considered high fiber?
5 grams or more is considered “high fiber”
Geriatrics: Improve Cognition, what vitamin is associated with enhanced cognitive function and improved immune function? What is the recommended supplemental dose of this vitamin?
- Vitamin E
- 400IU
Pediatrics: Physical activity recommendation, what is the current recommendation for adolescents? What percentage of teens are not meeting recommendations world wide? What is the WHO’s current goal for world wide physical activity?
- At least one hour of physical activity every day
- 80% of teens WorldWide are not meeting recommendations
- 85% for girls and 78% for boys
- WHO’s current goal is to reduce all countries to physical inactivity level to 70% or less by 2030
Pediatrics: Hidden Hunger, what is the definition of hidden hunger?
Hidden Hunger - Nutrient deficiencies without change in body size
Pediatrics: Choice Architecture, slide not found ???
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Pediatrics: Athlete calories, what is the recommended amount of additional calories that competitive adolescent athletes require?
An additional 500-1500 Kcals per day to meet their energy needs
Pediatrics: Zinc in male athlete, what is the recommended amount of Zinc a male athlete should supplement?
15mg of Zinc
Anti-inflammatory Diet: Is consider what type of diet? What foods are part of the Anti-Inflammatory diet?
A good diet.
- Ginger
- Walnuts
- Flax & Chia seeds
- Leafy greens
- Avocado
- Pineapple
- Salmon
- Spirulina
- Bone broth & collagen
- Broccoli & carrots
- Green Tea & Matcha powder
- Cherries & Berries
- Cabbage
- Turmeric & Coconut Oil
Food insecurity: what is the definition of “Food Insecurity”? Why is food insecurity bad? How many children lived in food-insecure households in 2014?
Definition: Food insecurity is defined as “a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food”
Why’s it bad: People experiencing food insecurity often consume a nutrient-poor diet, which may contribute to the development of obesity, heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Children in food-insecure households have diminished physical and mental health, longer recoveries, higher hospitalization rates, and a greater incidence of developmental and educational delays.
In 2014, 15.3 million children lived in food-insecure households
Dirty Dozen: People who eat produce from the dirty dozen should do what before buying them? Why are these produce items considered the dirty dozen? What foods are in this list?
- Should buy organic
- This list is considered the dirty dozen because these produce items have the highest levels of pesticide residuals
1. Grapes
2. Blueberries
3. Bell pepper
4. Pears
5. Peaches
6. Apples
7. Celery
8. Cucumbers
9. Cherries
10. Kale
11. Spinach
12. Strawberries
Clean 15: why is this list considered the clean fifteen? What are the 15 foods?
Because these produce items have the lowest amount of residual pesticides. (Okay if you buy the non-organic versions)
1. Pineapple
2. Onions
3. Kiwi
4. Papaya
5. Cantaloupe
6. Mango
7. Watermelon
8. Avocado
9. Asparagus
10. Eggplant
11. Sweet potato
12. Cabbage
13. Grapefruit
14. Honeydew
15. Cauliflower
Inflammatory Foods: Is considered what type of diet? What foods are associated with this diet?
A bad diet.
1. High-salt foods
2. Red and processed meats
3. Trans fats
4. Refined carbohydrates
5. Sugar-sweetened beverages
6. Ultra-processed foods
Nutrient Density: what is nutrient density? When a person over consumes on calories, the excess is stored as fat. What does increased fat put you at risk for?
Amount of nutrients in a food compared to the amount of calories
- Usually have high amounts of proteins, minerals and vitamins, as opposed to calories. (Nutrients:Calories ratio)
- Increased fat puts an individual at higher risk for chronic diseases: cancer, heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, obesity.
Athlete Nutrition: Sweating, what nutrients are required for sweating? What is key for nutrients for athletic activities?
- Ensure proper levels/replenishing of B complex, C, and E, iron, Calcium, sodium and potassium
- Hydration is key - should be before, during and after exercise
Athlete Nutrition: Fat Intake, what is the recommended fat intake? Should an athletes fat intake remain the same?
- Recommended intake is 20-35% of total calories
- Intake should remain the same. No extra fat intake needed
Athlete Nutrition: Carb intake, what is the recommended carb intake during exercise? Recommended after exercise?
During: Recommended carbohydrates at 30-60 grams/hour
After: 200- to 300-calorie snack immediately after exercise. Larger meal within 1 to 2 hours post-exercise
