FINAL MUSCULO 1

Question 1

are collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone.

Answer 1

Tendons

Question 2

are pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures.

Answer 2

Bursae

Question 3

are rope-like bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone.

Answer 3

Ligaments

Question 4

Examples of freely movable synovial joint

Answer 4

Knee, shoulder

Question 5

Slightly movable joint that are found in vertebral of the spine

Answer 5

Cartilaginous

Question 6

Immovable joints found in the sutures of skull

Answer 6

Fibrous

Question 7

lines the synovial cavity and secretes a small amount of viscous lubricating fluid, the synovial fluid.

Answer 7

synovial membrane

Question 8

Convex surface in concave cavity shaped synovial joints

Answer 8

Spheroidal (ball and socket)

Question 9

Flat, planar synovial joint

Answer 9

Hinge

Question 10

Convex or concave synovial joint

Answer 10

Condylar

Question 11

refers to a perceived tightness or resistance to movement, in contrast to normal movement that is limber.

Answer 11

Musculoskeletal stiffness

Question 12

Red Flags for Low Back Pain from Underlying Systemic Disease

Answer 12

● Age <20 years or >50 years
● History of cancer
● Unexplained weight loss, fever, or decline in general health
● Pain lasting more than 1 month or not responding to treatment
● Pain at night or present at rest
● History of intravenous drug use, addiction, or immunosuppression
● Presence of active infection or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
● Long-term steroid therapy
● Saddle anesthesia, bladder or bowel incontinence
● Neurologic symptoms or progressive neurologic deficit

Question 13

the most abundant mineral in the body, is essential for bone health, muscle function, nerve transmission, vascular function, and intracellular signaling and hormonal secretion.

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

Recommended Dietary Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D for Adults

19-50 years old
51-70 yrs old
           Women
            Men
71 and older

Answer 14

Age Group Calcium mg/d Vitamin D IU/d
19–50 yrs 1,000 600
51–70 yrs
Women 1,200 600
Men 1,000 600
71 & older 1,200 800

Question 15

Inflammation with fever and chills is seen in ___; also consider crystalline arthritis.

Answer 15

septic arthritis

Question 16

In _____ disorders, consider trauma (rotator cuff tear), repetitive use (bursitis, tendinitis), degenerative changes (OA), or fibromyalgia.

Answer 16

noninflammatory

Question 17

• If pain is localized to only one joint, it is:
• Joint pain may be ___, involving several joints, typically four or more.
• involving bones, muscles, and tissues around the joint such as the tendons, bursae, or even overlying skin.

Answer 17

• monoarticular
• polyarticular
• extra-articular

Question 18

• Generalized “aches and pains” are called

- if there is pain but no evidence of arthritis.

Answer 18

• myalgias

- arthralgias

Question 19

• Acute joint pain typically lasts up to

- chronic pain lasts

Answer 19

• 6 weeks

- >12 weeks

Question 20

Palpable bogginess or doughiness of the synovial membrane indicates ___, which is often accompanied by effusion.

Answer 20

synovitis

Question 21

Palpable joint fluid is present in effusion, tenderness over the tendon sheaths in

Answer 21

tendinitis

Question 22

4 Signs of Inflammation

Answer 22

• Swelling
• Warmth
• Redness
• Pain or tenderness

Question 23

These consist of the SITS muscles of the rotator cuff (Supra-spinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis), which move the humerus and compress and stabilize the humeral head within the glenoid cavity.

Answer 23

Dynamic stabilizers

Question 24

is a fibrocartilaginous ring that surrounds the glenoid and deepens its socket, providing greater stability to the humeral head.

Answer 24

labrum

Question 25

Maneuvers of the Shoulder - “Raise your arms in front of you and over-head.” - “Raise your arms behind you.”

Answer 25

- Flexion | - Extension

Question 26

Maneuvers of the Shoulder - “Raise your arms out to the side and over-head.” - “Cross your arm in front of your body.”

Answer 26

- Abduction | - Adduction

Question 27

Maneuvers of the Shoulder - “Place one hand behind your back and touch your shoulder blade.” - “Raise your arm to shoulder level; bend your elbow and rotate your forearm toward the ceiling.” OR “Place one hand behind your neck or head as if you are brushing your hair.”

Answer 27

- Internal Rotation | - External Rotation

Question 28

Identify the Shoulder Structure Crossover or crossed body adduction test. Adduct the patient’s arm across the chest.

Answer 28

Acromioclavicular Joint

Question 29

Identify the Shoulder Structure Apley scratch test. Ask the patient to touch the opposite scapula using the two motions shown below.

Answer 29

Overall Shoulder Rotation

Question 30

Identify the Shoulder Structure Painful arc test. Fully adduct the patient’s arm from 0° to 180°.

Answer 30

Rotator Cuff Pain Provocation Tests

Question 31

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Press on the scapula to prevent scapular motion with one hand, and raise the patient’s arm with the other. This compresses the greater tuberosity of the humerus against the acromion.

Answer 31

Neer impingement sign

Question 32

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Flex the patient’s shoulder and elbow to 90° with the palm facing down. Then, with one hand on the forearm and one on the arm, rotate the arm internally. This compresses the greater tuberosity against the supraspinatus tendon and coracoacromial ligament.

Answer 32

Hawkins impingement sign

Question 33

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder With the patient’s arm flexed to 90° with palm up, rotate the arm into full external rotation.

Answer 33

External rotation lag test

Question 34

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Ask the patient to place the dorsum of the hand on the low back with the elbow flexed to 90°. Then you lift the hand off the back, which further internally rotates the shoulder. Ask the patient to keep the hand in this position.

Answer 34

Internal rotation lag test

Question 35

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Ask the patient to fully abduct the arm to shoulder level, up to 90°, and lower it slowly. Note that abduction above shoulder level, from 90° to 120°, reflects action of the deltoid muscle.

Answer 35

Drop-arm test

Question 36

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Ask the patient to adduct and flex the arm to 90°, with the thumbs turned up. Stabilize the elbow with one hand and apply pressure proximal to the patient’s wrist as the patient presses the wrist outward in external rotation.

Answer 36

External rotation resistance test

Question 37

Maneuver or Type of Test in Examining the Shoulder Elevate the arms to 90° and internally rotate the arms with the thumbs pointing down, as if emptying a can. Ask the patient to resist as you place downward pressure on the arms.

Answer 37

Empty can test