HEAD AND NECK

Question 1

Classification fo headache where there’s no identified underlying disease.

Answer 1

Primary Headache

Question 2

Examples of Primary Headache

Answer 2

Migraine, tension, cluster, chronic daily headache

Question 3

Classification of headache where there is identified underlying disease from structural, systenic, infectious causes.
Life threatening causes: meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, mass lesion

Answer 3

Secondary Headache

Question 4

A perceived musical ringing or rushing sound that has no external stimuli.

Answer 4

tinnitus

Question 5

A red, painless eye is seen in which condition?

Answer 5

subconjunctival hemorrhage

Question 6

This refers to bleeding from the nasal passages

Answer 6

epistaxis

Question 7

The following are headache warning signs except

Answer 7

progressively frequent over 3 weeks

Question 8

Hyperopia – ?

Presbyopia – ?

Answer 8

Hyperopia – farsightedness

• Presbyopia – aging vision

Question 9

Valsalva and leaning forward – ?

• Valsalva and lying down – ?

Answer 9

Valsalva and leaning forward – increase pain in sinusitis

• Valsalva and lying down – increase pain mass lesion

Question 10

Bilateral and painless loss of vision-

Bilateral and painful loss of vision -

Answer 10

Bilateral and painless loss of vision- Giant-cell arteritis

Bilateral and painful loss of vision- Chemical or radiation exposures

Question 11

Severe and Sudden onset like a “thunderclap”

Answer 11

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; meningitis

Question 12

Episodic and peak over several hours headache?

Answer 12

Migraine and tension headaches

Question 13

New, persisting and progressively severe headache

Answer 13

Tumor/mass lesion, brain abscess

Question 14

Unilateral headache?

Answer 14

Migraine and cluster headaches

Question 15

Headache according to Location?
• Temporal area –
• Retro-orbital –

Answer 15

Temporal area – Tension headache

• Retro-orbital – cluster headache

Question 16

Prodrome of euphoria, craving of food, fatigue or dizziness?

Answer 16

Migraine headache

Question 17

Visual aura of migraine headache
• Spark photopsias –
• Fortifications –
• Scotomas –

Answer 17

Visual aura of migraine headache
• Spark photopsias – flashes of light
• Fortifications – zig-zag arcs of light
• Scotomas – areas of visual loss with surrounding normal vision

Question 18

Unilateral and painless visual loss associated disease

Answer 18

• Vitreous hemorrhage – Diabetes Mellitus or Trauma
• Macular degeneration
• Retinal detachment
• Retinal vein occlusion
• Central retinal artery occlusion

Question 19

Painful visual loss associated disease

Answer 19

• Corneal ulcer
• Uveitis
• Traumatic hyphema
• Acute angle closure glaucoma
• Optic neuritis

Question 20

Gradual bilateral vision loss

Answer 20

• Cataracts

* Macular degeneration

Question 21

Location of visual loss?
• Central loss
• Peripheral loss
• One-sided loss

Answer 21

Central loss
• Nuclear cataract
• Macular degeneration

Peripheral loss
• Open-angle glaucoma

One-sided loss
• Hemianopsia
• Quadrant anopsia

Question 22

Moving specs or strand in the visions

Fixed

•Are there flashing lights in the field of vision?

Answer 22

Moving specs or strand
- Vitreous floaters
Fixed
• Lesion in the retina or visual pathways.

Are there flashing lights in the field of vision?
•Flashing lights with new vitreous floaters.
•Detachment of vitreous body from the retina.

Question 23

Red eye with gritty sensation

Answer 23

Viral conjuctivitis

Question 24

Red painful eye includes

Answer 24

• Hyphema
• episcleritis
• acute angle closure glaucoma
• herpes/fungal keratitis
• foreign body
• saecoid uveitis

Question 25

Lesion in the brainstem, cerebellum, CN III/VI palsy

Answer 25

Horizontal Diplopia

Question 26

CN II or IV palsy

Answer 26

Vertical Diplopia

Question 27

Problem of the cornea or lens

Answer 27

Diplopia in one eye with the other closed

Question 28

Diseases associated: - Sensorineural hearing loss - Conductive hearing loss

Answer 28

``` Sensorineural hearing loss • Inner ear • Cochlear nerve • Trouble understanding speech • Complain that others mumble • Noisy environment make hearing worse ``` Conductive hearing loss • Problems in the external and middle ear. • Noisy environment may help hearing become better.

Question 29

Medications associated symptoms of earache or vertig

Answer 29

* Aminoglycosides * Aspirin * NSAID’s * Quinine * Furosemide

Question 30

* Inflammation of the external ear canal * Infection of the middle ear * *yellow-green discharge

Answer 30

* Otitis Externa * Otitis Media * Acute otitis externa and acute or chronic otitis media with perforation usually

Question 31

When associated with hearing loss and vertigo.

Answer 31

Ménière disease

Question 32

Vestibular disease due to peripheral causes in the inner ear

Answer 32

* Benign positional vertigo * Labyrinthitis * Vestibular neuritis * Ménière disease.

Question 33

Central Neurologic Cause of Vertigo

Answer 33

- Cerebellum or Brainstem • Ataxia • Diplopia • Dysarthria

Question 34

Detects lesions in the anterior and posterior visual pathway. • Two tests to achieve the best results:

Answer 34

* static finger wiggle test | * kinetic red target test.

Question 35

Which test will you perform in assessing for visual fields by confrontation?

Answer 35

static finger wiggle test

Question 36

A difference in pupillary diameter of 0.4 mm or greater is called

Answer 36

anisocoria

Question 37

Which of the following examinations will you perform to assess for visual field defects?

Answer 37

Static finger wingle test

Question 38

Anterior pathway defects of Visual Fields by Confrontation

Answer 38

* Glaucoma * Optic neuropathy * Optic neuritis * Glioma

Question 39

Posterior pathway defects of Visual Fields by Confrontation

Answer 39

* Stroke | * Chiasmal tumors

Question 40

Occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery may cause a horizontal (altitudinal) defect. Ischemia of the optic nerve can produce a similar defect.

Answer 40

Horizontal Defect

Question 41

A lesion of the optic nerve, and of the eye itself, produces unilateral monocular blindness.

Answer 41

Blind Right Eye (RIght Optic Nerve)

Question 42

A lesion at the optic chiasm (such as pituitary tumor), may involve only fibers crossing over to the opposite side. SInce these fibers originate in the nasal half of each retina, visual loss involves the temporal half of each field.

Answer 42

Bitemporal Hemianopsia (Optic Chiasm)

Question 43

A lesion of the optic tractm interrupts fibers originating on the same side of both eyes. Visual loss in the eyes is, therefore, similar and involves half of each field (hemianopsia).

Answer 43

Left Homonymous Hemiaopsia (Right Optic Tract)

Question 44

A partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe, may involve only a portion of the nerve fibers, producing, for example, a homonymous quadrantic (pie in the sky) defect.

Answer 44

Homonymous left Superior Quadrantic Defect (Right Optic Radiation, Partial)

Question 45

A complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation, produces a visual defect similar to that produced by a lesion of the optic tract.

Answer 45

Left Homonymous Hemianopsia (RIght Optic Radiation)

Question 46

Visual Fields by Confrontation Diseases • Enlarged blind spot •Occurs in conditions affecting the optic nerve

Answer 46

* Glaucoma * Optic neuritis * Papilledema

Question 47

Inward deviation of position and alignment of the eyes

Answer 47

Esotropia

Question 48

* Outward deviation | * Seen in Graves disease or ocular tumors

Answer 48

Exotropia

Question 49

•Upslanting palpebral fissures of the eyelids

Answer 49

Down syndrome

Question 50

Red inflamed lid margins occur in

Answer 50

blepharitis