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Y6 PSA > Final notes > Flashcards

Final notes Flashcards

1
Q

what do you do with metformin before surgery?

A

CONTINUE if 1 or less than 1 missed meal, GFR >60, low risk AKI/ischaemia

STOP if 2+ meals missed, T1DM, poor diabetic control

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2
Q

risk of methotrexate

A

NEUTROPOENIC SEPSIS

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3
Q

monitoring for methotrex

A

1-2 weekly blood tests

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4
Q

what is the effect of hypo/hyperkalaemia on digoxin

A 
HYPOkalaemia = enhances digoxin effect 
HYPERkalaemia = reduces digoxin effect

(becuase digoxin acts at sodium/potassium channel, so high potassium means digoxin is used up faster)

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5
Q

what drug is STRONGLY CONTRAINDICATED with methotrexate

A

TRIMETHOPRIM

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6
Q

what is rule of thumb when adjusting insulin in hyperglycaemic T1DM patient

A

adjust by minimum dose available

so 10 / 20% increase

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7
Q

for what blood glucose /ketones must you delay surgery in diabetic

A

for BG >12, ket> 3 or urinary ketones +++

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8
Q

Name the three types of ORAL HRT:

  • just oestrogen
  • cyclical oestrogen + progesterone
  • continuous oestrogen + progesterone
A 
oestrogen = elleste solo 
cyclical = elleste duet 
continuous = kliovance
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9
Q

name the three types of TRANSDERMAL HRT:

  • just oestrogen
  • cyclical oestrogen + progesterone
  • continuous oestrogen + progesterone
A 
oestrogen = evonorel 
cyclical = evonorel sequi 
Continuous = evonorel conti
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10
Q

how and when do you stop HRT

A

stop after menopause symptoms (few years)

stop GRADUALLY

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11
Q

what must yopu monitor with HRT

A

BP

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12
Q

for what BP must you stop HRT/COCP

A

if BP >160/95

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13
Q

what other drugs can you give for vasomotor sx as alternative for HRT

A
  1. Fluoxetine

2. Citalopram, venlaxafine

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14
Q

what drugs can you give for vaginal dryness as replacement for HRT

A

lubricants

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15
Q

what drugs can you give for osteoporosis as replacement for HRT

A

biphosphonates

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16
Q

when is conttraceptio required until if menopausal

A

Until amenorrhoeic for more than 1 YEAR if OVER 50

Until amenorrhoeic for more than 2 YEARS if UNDER 50

17
Q

what are indications for cyclizine, promethazine

A

pre and post op
hyperemesis
motion sickness
labirinth disorders

18
Q

what must you type in to find anti emetics

A

“Nausea and Labirynth disorders”

19
Q

indications for metoclopramide and domperidone

A

GI Motility disorders
Uraemia
Radiatgion sickness
Cancer chemo

20
Q

indication for hyoscine

A

PROPHYLACTIC antiemetic pre-op

21
Q

indication for ondansetron

A

chemo / radiotherapy sickness

post op

22
Q

example of pro-kinetic laxative

A

metoclop

23
Q

when is pro kinetic laxative contrainigncated

A

in bowel obstruction> may cause perforation

24
Q

what time should corticosteroids be given and why

A

give in MORNING , NOT at night

because they can cause insomnia

25
Q

how do you manage aggression

A
  1. oral de escalation
  2. oral loraz
  3. IM loraz
26
Q

what do you give with aggression due to delirium instead of lorazepam

A

give haloperidol

27
Q

what drugs must you AVOID ALCOHOL with

A 
Metronidazole, doxy 
fluoxetine 
statins 
benzos
disulfiram 
warfarin
28
Q

what is the effect of liver disease on INR and PT , and why

A

liver disease will INCREASE INR

because it impairs vit K sythesis > increases PT and INR

29
Q

what is the effect of alcohol as an enzyme inducer / inhibitor?

A

ACUTE alcohol use = INHIBITOR

CHRONIC alcohol use = INDUCER

30
Q

CCB for HTN first line

A

AMLODIPINE

31
Q

beta blocker for angina first line

A

LABETALOL

32
Q

most powerful steroid option

A

Clobetasol propionate - “proprio potente”

Clobetasol butyrate is weaker

33
Q

what must you type in for guidance for skin infection antibacterial therapy INCL ANIMAL BITES

A

Skin infections, antibacterial therapy

34
Q

most appropriate measure of initial rehydration

A

BP (not urine output)

35
Q

what are EPSE

A

Parkinsonism
Dystonia (uncontrollable muscle contraction)
Akathisia (restlessness)
Tardive dyskinesa (chewing, smacking lips _ continue even after you stop medication)

36
Q

How do you treat EPSEs

A

procyclidine IM

37
Q

what other antibiotic should patients allergic to penicillin NOT receive

A

cephalosporin (cefixime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, or cefuroxime)

38
Q

what is TAZOCIN made up of

A

piperacillin with tazobactam

Y6 PSA (10 decks)

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