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Flashcards in final pt 2 Deck (33)
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1
Q

Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:

A

build complex molecules from simple ones.

2
Q

Autotrophs typically obtain their carbon from:

A

CO2

3
Q

Animals such as cats, worms, and butterflies are classified as:

A

chemoheterotrophs

4
Q

The reactions in the pathways of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle break down glucose into smaller molecules. Therefore, these pathways

A

are catabolic pathways

5
Q

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

A

the universe becomes more disorderly over time.

6
Q

Kangaroo rats live in the desert of the southwestern United States. They have many adaptations to minimize water loss. They obtain a small amount of water from seeds that they eat. However, the rest of the water they obtain is from cellular respiration

A

This could be true, as water is produced in cellular respiration.

7
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding aerobic respiration?

A

None of the other answer options is correct.

8
Q

The approximate yield of ATP molecules from the full oxidation of a molecule of glucose is:

A

32

9
Q

Which one of the following represents the reduced forms of the two major electron carriers?

A

NADH and FADH2

10
Q

The electron transport chain is part of:

A

oxidative phosphorylation

11
Q

Which of the following sequences correctly represents the flow of energy through living systems?

A

light ‣photosynthesis ‣carbohydrate ‣cellular respiration ‣ATP ‣heat

12
Q

In plants and algae, __________ is the source of the electrons needed for photosynthesis.

A

H2O

13
Q

Where is the photosynthetic electron transport chain located in plant cells?

A

in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast

14
Q

The reducing agent during the Calvin cycle is:

A

NADPH

15
Q

Beginning with the step catalyzed by rubisco, arrange the steps in the Calvin cycle in the proper sequence in which they occur

A

carboxylation, reduction, regeneration

16
Q

Which type of cell signaling does not rely on the diffusion of a chemical signal molecule?

A

juxtacrine

17
Q

Communication between neurons is an example of which type of cell signaling

A

paracrine

18
Q

The high variability of the types of G protein–coupled receptors allows for:

A

different types of cells to respond to different types of signals

19
Q

An increased heart rate caused by the release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands is an example of _______________________________.

A

endocrine signaling

20
Q

Which statement most accurately explains how some signals are amplified?

A

Second messengers are produced.

21
Q

Plasmodesmata are cell-cell junctions that can be found between ________.

A

plant cells

22
Q

The shape of cells is determined and maintained by structural protein networks in the cytoplasm called the _________

A

cytoskeleton

23
Q

The cytoskeleton of animal cells includes:

A

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.

24
Q

________________ is (are) the most common ECM protein fiber(s), is (are) more elastic than cellulose and forms a flexible extracellular layer.

A

Collagen

25
Q

the plasma membrane’s phospholipid bilayer has numerous proteins. Which of the following is NOT a protein associated with the plasma membrane?

A

transintegral proteins

26
Q

A cell with 10 chromosomes undergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells are produced and what number of chromosomes do they have?

A

2 daughter cells, 10 chromosomes each

27
Q

Mitosis is the process of chromosome separation. Cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells in a process known as ________

A

cytokinesis

28
Q

Which sequence of the cell cycle is common to eukaryotes?

A

G1 to S to G2 to M to cytokinesis

29
Q

Homologous chromosomes ________.

A

carry information for the same traits

30
Q

Crossing over occurs during

A

prophase I

31
Q

Why are there several structurally different pigments in the reaction centers of photosystems?

A

This setup enables the plant to absorb energy from sunlight from a variety of wavelengths

32
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true of mitosis?

A

Homologous chromosomes synapse in prophase.

33
Q

Dynein motor proteins use ATP energy to:

A

carry vesicles along a microtubule within a cell in a plus-to-minus direction.