Final Quizzam Flashcards
(39 cards)
School Age Miles Stones - Lang source shift
8-10y gain M lang input
via text
* Lang learning M individualized
* Reading helps dev phonological, semantic, and pragmatics of oral language
* Reading allows review and active word thought
School Age Miles Stones - Acquisition of metalinguistic competence
Ability to think about and analyze lang as object in attnt
-Phonological awareness
*Later-dev abilities - blending and segmenting, and manipulating sounds
*Ability to segment words into onset-rime segments and
individual phonemes related to spelling and reading
School Age Milestones - Figurative Lang
Metaphors
-Similarity btwn 2 things by stating they are the same
-Topic/target compared (ground) to vehicle/base
EX heart of gold
School Age Milestones - Similes
Contains topic, vehicle, & ground
-Comparison using “like
or as”
-Ability to understand & produce similes and metaphors related to measures of general COG, lang, and acdec achievement
EX as busy as a bee
School Age Milestone - Hyperbole
Exaggeration for emphasis or effect
EX Cost an arm and a leg
School Age Milestone - Idioms
Expressions containing a literal and figurative meaning
EX no use crying over spilled milk
School Age Milestones - Irony and Sarcasm
A speaker’s intentions differ from the word’s literal meaning
-Irony: Unmet general expectations that are not the fault of an individual
EX marriage counselor gets a divorce
-Sarcasm: Refers to a specific individual’s failure to meet an expectation
EX Disorganized group being on top of things
School Age Milestones - Proverbs
Statements expressing the conventional values, beliefs, and wisdom of a society
-Diff to master
-Comm functions:
*Commenting
*Interpreting
*Advising
*warning
*encouraging
-Presence of a supportive linguistic ENV can facilitate understanding of proverbs
-Understanding proverbs correlated w/ math and lit success
EX Can’t have your cake and eat it too
Complex syntactic dev
-Dev advanced grammatical structures mark a “literate” lang style
-Examples
*Noun phrase postmod w/ past participles (a dance called the waltz)
-Complex verb phrases using perfective aspect
(Stephanie has arrived from Vancouver)
-Adverbial conjunctions (only, consequently)
Form, Content, and Use Major achievements - School Age & Beyond
-Dev complex syntax is related to caregivers’ syntax complexity
-kids use complex syntax in writing (particularly persuasive writing)
-Adolescents participating in narrative task involving listening to fables and retelling them show INC syntactic complexity VS in conversation
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Lexical development
-By HS grad vocab ~60,000
words
-Contextual abstraction: Using context clues in spoken and written forms to determine meanings of unfamiliar words
-Pragmatic inferences
*Bring one’s pers world background knowledge to the text
-Logical inferences
*Use only info text provides and are M diff to make VS pragmatic inferences
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Understanding many meanings
-Give many definitions for words w/ many meanings
-Diff understand 2nd meaning w/ lil to no relation to primary/1st
-Need lexical & metalinguistic know.
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Understanding lexical & sentential ambiguity
Lexical ambiguity - For words/phrases w/ multiple meanings
Homophones
Sound alike w/ different
meanings
-spelled diff = heterographs
Homographs
Spelled same w/
diff meanings;
-Sound diff = heteronyms or heterophones
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Lang Use
-Functional flexibility - Ability to use lang for a variety of comm purposes or functions
-School-age children must be able to:
*Compare and contrast
*persuade
*hypothesize
*explain
*classify
*predict
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - School kids INC persuasion skills
-Adjust to listener characteristics
-State adv as why comply
-Anticipate and reply to counterarguments
-Use + strategies (politeness) and bargaining to INC compliance
-Avoid - strategies (whining and begging)
-Generate a large number and variety of arguments
-Ctrl discourse assertively
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Gradual INC of convo skills
-Stay on topic longer
-Make a larger number of relevant and factual comments
-Shift smoothly from one topic to another
-Adjust content and style to listener’s thoughts and
feels
-More adept at detecting convo breakdowns and repairing them
Form, Content, and Use Achievements - Narrative Dev
-Kids learn to move FWD and
BWD in time as they narrate
-Begin to describe other’s P&M states and motivation for actions
-Narratives grow to include multiple episodes (a P and things solving it)
Grapheme Correspondance
50% of Engl vocab spelled w/out errors
* 36% spelled w/
one error
* 14% spelled w/
2+ errors
Literacy Stages
0) Prereading
1) Decoding
2) Automaticity
3) Read to learn
4) Read for ideas
5) Crit reading
Lit stages 0 & 1
0) Prereading - Lit SOC
1) Decoding - Phonological Analysis and segmentation
synthesis in single words
Lit stages 2 & 3
2) Automaticity - Fluent reading; INC reading comprehension resources
3) Reading to Learn - More complex comprehension
Lit Stage 5 & 6
4) Reading for Ideas - Recognize diff POV, inferencing
5) Critical Reading - Synthesis of new knowledge, critical
thinking
