Unit 1 Quizzam Flashcards by Alura Stehley

Comm

Process of sharing info, occurring in many forms
-How to
-“To make common”

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Comm: Receiving Forms

Auditory, visual, and tactile

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Comm: Sending Forms

Verbal, graphical, gestural

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Communication needs…

2 people
-Sender formulates and transmits
-Receiver receives and comprehends
-Shared symbolic means btwn the 2 people

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Sender Purpose pt 1

Instrumental - Asking for something

Regulatory - Directing others

Interactional - SOC conversation

PERS - Emotional, maybe phys, info

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Sender Purpose pt 2

Heuristic - Ask Qs / Find info

Imaginative - Roleplaying

Informative - Organized info relay

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Receiver Feedback

Linguistic - Verbal acknowledgement / reply

Nonlinguistic - Bodily response (eye contact, nod, ect)

Paralinguistic - HOW respond via pitch, volume, and pauses
-Para - With
-Can be problem for those who don’t understand SOC cues

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Comm Disorder

Impairment in ability to receive, comprehend, or send V, NV, or graphic messages
-Any speech, lang, COG, voice, resonance, or hearing impairment

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Lang

Complex, dynamic (always changing) system of conventional (useful) symbols used for thought and comm
-Comprehend/use of spoken, written, or symbol system

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Code

Translate one info type into another
-Arbitrary relationship btwn word and referent
-Organization isn’t random, but governed by rules

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COG processes using Lang

-Reasoning
-Hypothesizing
-Memorizing
-Planning
-PS

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Lang as COG tool

Helps dev picture of world. Neural response to use of Lang as part of mind
-Expressive - Lang output/sent
-Receptive - Lang comprehension

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Lang and Communities

-Lang is cultural and SOC evolution
-Lang community - Group using a common lang
*Emerge b/c Geo, SOC, and Econ reasons

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Speech Production

Neuromuscular process turning lang into sound signals transmitted to receiver
-Involves respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation

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Respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation defined

Respiration - Breathing / air causing vocal cord vibration

Phonation - Sound production

Resonation - How air flows through mouth & nose

Articulation - Production of speech sound w/ lips, teeth, ovular ridge, and tongue

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Basic Speech Production Model

1) Mental, abstract rep of speech stream
-M rep of spch

2) Motor schema dev & organized into syllables
-Schema into syllables

3) Speech output requiring airflow, vocal fold vibration, and fine oral cavity movement
-Spch output via mouth mechanisms

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Lang Domains

Form, Content, and Use

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Form

How words, sentences, and sound are organized to convey content
-Phonology, Morphology, and Syntax

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Content

Words used and their meaning
-Semantics

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Use

How well and how others functionally draw on lang to meet needs
-Pragmatics

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Five Domains of Lang

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Phonology (form)
Morphology (form)
Syntax (form)
Semantics (content)
Pragmatics (use)

Phonology

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Rules and organization of sound
-The study of sound
-Involves phonemes, phonotactics, and min. pair

Morphology

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INT organization of words
-Grammatical Morphemes -
Word endings plural, possessive, past-tense, ect.
-Adds specificity to lang, expanding vocab w/ small # of words

Phoneme

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Smallest unit of sound w/ meaning
-39 in English lang
-Distinguishes one word from another
-Allophone - Subtle phoneme variations b/c context

Phonotactics

Lang has rules, governing sound organization in words -Min. pair - Words differing by one sound/phoneme (mat VS mats)

Syntax

Gov. INT organization of sentences -Where adjectives go in spoken and written English VS Spanish

Semantics

Gov. meaning of single words & word combos -Word meaning, how many meanings, literal or figurative, ect.

Pragmatics

Gov. lang for SOC purposes -Using lang for different intentions/functions -Organized lang for discourse -Know what, when, and how to say something

Phonological Dev

W/ dev., we acquire rules gov. the sound structure of syllables and words -Phonological rep, know, and production

Phonological Representation

Neuro/COG imprint distinguishing phonemes by -Production -Manner of production -Voicing

Phonological Knowledge

Acquisition of INT rep of sounds/phonemes

Phonological production

Expression of phonemes/sounds to make syllables and words

Phonemic Inventory

Sounds understood, expanding w/ age -Sounds arising in predictable sequence *Vowels dev before consonants *Early consonants are H frequency and easy to see on face *Later dev. are L visible

Factors influencing phoneme dev

Frequency of words used w/ phonemes Articulatory complexity - Difficulty to say w/ mouth

Phonological Awareness

Ability to attend and manipulate phonological spch units -Most important bridge btwn lang and reading

Phonological Awareness Tasks

Syllable Counting -Syllable - Vowel w/ phoneme? Rhyme Detection -Usually precedes rhyme production Initial Sound ID Initial Sound Elision Phoneme Counting

Phonics

Teaches relationship btwn letters and sound

Phonological Patterns

Rule of phonemes in a lang simplified -Stopping - Making long sounds short -Fronting - Sounds that should be made in back are made in front -Final consonant deletion - Deletion of final sound of word -Liquid gliding - Replace liquids w/ glides *w = glide, l/r = liquid Have no known cause, can shut down comm

Morphology

Changing a word's shape -Morpheme -Must carry meaning

Morpheme

Smallest unit of grammar w/ meaning, can be -whole word, chair -Part of word, chairs -Single phoneme, "I want a"

Free VS Bound Morphemes

Free - stand alone, ex gecko Bound - Attached to free morphemes, ex geckos -Grammatical and derivational

Grammatical VS Derivational morphemes

Grammatical is added to root word -Plural(s) -Past tense('ed, re-, 'ing, 's) -Possessive('s) Derivational - Added to root word to change grammatical classification -EX, friend = noun, friendly = adjective, befriend = verb -Derives a different class of sound

Morphological Dev

Mean Length of utterance - AVG # of morphemes one can speak - total # of morphemes / # of consecutive utterances

Syntax

INT lang of gov word organization

Learning from input

Children's use of syntax depends on exposure 1) Sentence length 2) Sentence type

Syntactic Dev

Declarative, negative, and interrogative

Declarative Syntax

Making a sentence that is a statement -"I see a horse!" ~3y -Can link simple sentences

Negative Syntax

Sentences expressing negation & relying on: No, can't, don't, won't -Age 4 is more adult like

Interrogative Syntax

Q sentence Early: what, where, why? Preschool: Who, whose, when, which, and how Can involve Y/N

Unit 1 Quizzam Flashcards

(50 cards)