Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Remex 1 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

Progression of movement. Lumbar extension strengthening

A

1) Basic lumbar stabilization with progressive limb loading emphasis on abdominals:
- Patient position hook lying knees 90°. Place the pressure cuff under the lumbar spine and inflate to40 mmhg. Begin each exercise drawing in maneuver to activate deep segmental muscles. Determine the level at which a patient can maintain pressure constant(stable pelvis) while performing either A , B or C limb load activity. For endurance, decreased load and perform repetitive motion for one minute or longer. For strength, progress load.

2) Basic lumbar stabilization with progressive limb loading emphasis on trunk extensors:
- Patient position quadruped in or prone. Patient assumes a neutral spine and lumbar and cervical region (keeping eyes focused towards the floor or exercise mat), performs drawing in maneuver, and moves extremities. Motions are repeated or alternated from side to side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Greater the ratio of disc thickness to the vertebral height, the greater the mobility

A

C/S - 2:5 most mobile (6/15)
L/S - 1:3 (5/15)
T/S - 1:5 Least mobile (3/15)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Action of Internal and External Obliques

A

Trunk Rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transverse abdominis most active during?

A

Flexion

-Drawing in maneuver strengthening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Scoliosis right side curve

A

lat flex to right, stretch over head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dynamic Strengthening exercises for Lumbar muscles

Progressively gest more difficult

A

1) Trunk flexion exercises:
- Supine: Curl-ups • Curl-downs • Double knee to chest • Pelvic lifts • Bilateral straight leg raising • Bilateral straight leg lowering ▪
Prone: Planks • Roll out on Gym ball • Pike on Gym ball • Advanced planks with push-up

2) Extension exercises:
- Prone: Thoracic elevation • Leg lifts

3) Trunk side bending exercises
- Standing: Side bends ▪
- Sidelying: Antigravity side bends • Progressed antigravity side bends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Valsalvas

A

internal and external oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ligaments stabilize the spine

A

ALL prevents hyperextension,
PLL prevents hyperflexion.
Superspinius ligaments limits forward flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Run parallel blending together longitudinally with the tendon They don’t generate as much tension (strength) as penniform arrangements Many muscles of the upper extremities have longitudinal arrangements which reflects the increased ROM the upper extremities have versus the lower ones Examples of longitudinal arrangements include: o Strap like (parallel), Rhomboidal, Triangular, Fusiform

A

Longitudinal Fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Don’t line up with the tendon Very strong A lot of penniform arrangements are found in the lower extremities to generate the strength needed for support and ambulation Examples of penniform arrangements include: o single penniform, bipenniform, multi penniform

A

Penniform Fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Both have secondary actions but cant do inversion without each other

A

Tibialis Post

Tibialis Ant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The voluntary isometric contraction of opposing muscle groups to “” a joint in a position, usually after it’s been injured, in an attempt to protect it

A

Fixation (Fixator Muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Decreases circulation which slows healing

A

Fixating Joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

This is seldom seen vs. stabilizing synergist activity

A

Voluntary fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The function is weight bearing and shock absorption

A

Anterior Pillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vertebral arch (pedicles, lamina, articular processes, facet joints, transverse processes and spinal processes). The function is to provide mechanism for movement, also used for muscle attachment which provides mobility and stability.

A

Posterior Pillar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acute phase – Maximum Protection Phase,

A

1) Pain and or neurological symptoms
2) Inflammation
3) Guarded posture( prefers flexion, extension, or non weight bearing
4) Limited ability to perform ADL and IADLs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subacute – Moderate Protection/Controlled phase

A

1) Pain: only when excessive stress is placed on vulnerable tissues
2) Impaired posture/postural awareness
3) Impaired mobility
4) Impaired muscle performance: poor neuromuscular control of stabilizing muscles; decreased muscles endurance and strength
5) General deconditioning
6) Limited ability to perform IADLs for extended periods of time
7) Poor body mechanics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic phase – No Protection/Return to function phase

A

1) Pain: only when excessive stress is placed on vulnerable tissues in repetitive or sustained nature for prolonged periods
2) Poor neuromuscular control and endurance in high-intensity or destabilized situations
3) Flexibility and strength imbalances
4) Generalized deconditioning
5) Limited ability to perform high-intensity physical demands for extended periods of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Muscle Setting, when is there an indication to use muscle setting?

A
  • Gentle isometric contractions intermittent/low intensity which improves circulation.
  • May be performed in several pain free positions.
  • Does not improve strength but decreases atrophy maintains muscle fiber mobility and the joint immobilized
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the process of a joint mobilization, what are the indications for a joint mobilization?

A

Techniques used to decrease pain and to restore, maintain or treat joint dysfunctions that limit ROM by specifically addressing the altered mechanics of the joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the 5 process of a joint mobilization

A
  1. Pain, Muscle Guarding and Spasm: Can be treated with gentle joint-play techniques to stimulate neurophysiological and mechanical effects: Neurophysiological effects: Small-amplitude oscillatory and distraction movements are used to stimulate the mechanoreceptors that may inhibit the transmission of pain to spinal cord or brain stem levels. Mechanical Effects: Small-amplitude distraction or gliding movements and gentle joint play of the joint are used to cause synovial fluid motion thus bringing nutrients to avascular cartilage.
  2. Reversible Joint Hypomobility: Progressively vigorous joint-play stretching techniques to elongate hypomobile capsular and ligamentous connective tissue.
  3. Positional Faults/ Subluxations: A faulty position of one bony partner with respect to its opposing surface may result in limited motion or pain. Ex: Pulled elbow, capitate-lunate subluxation
  4. Progressive limitation: Diseases that progressively limit movement can be treated with joint play to maintain available ROM or slow down progressive mechanical restrictions.
  5. Functional Immobility: Immobile joints can be treated with non-stretch distraction or gliding to prevent degenerating and restricting effects of the immobility.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mechanical Effects:

A

Small-amplitude distraction or gliding movements and gentle joint play of the joint are used to cause “synovial fluid”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurophysiological effects:

A

mall-amplitude oscillatory and distraction movements are used to “stimulate the mechanoreceptors that may inhibit the transmission of pain to spinal cord or brain stem levels”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If a client presents signs and symptoms of inflammation which grade of joint mobilizations would be safe and effective?

A

Grades 1

Grade 2 is for assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which grade of joint mobilizations would you perform for a client who has a decrease in GH flexion?

A

Posterior glide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some of the contraindications to stretching?

A

1) A bony block limits joint motion
2) Recent fracture and bony union is incomplete
3) Acute inflammatory or infectious process (heat & swelling) or soft tissue healing could be disrupted in the restricted tissues and surrounding region
4) Sharp acute pain with joint movement or muscle elongation
5) A hematoma or other indication of tissue trauma is observed
6) Joint hypermobility already exists
7) Shortened soft tissues provide necessary joint stability in lieu of normal structural ability or neuromuscular control
8) Shorted soft tissues enable a patient with paralysis or severe muscle weakness to perform specific functional skills otherwise not possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How would you perform a stretch for the Gastrocnemius and the soleus muscle? What makes these stretches different?

A

A stretch for soleus would just have a bend in the knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

A form of dynamic muscle activation in which tension develops and physical shortening of the muscle occurs as an external resistance is overcome by an internal force as when lifting a weight.

A

Concentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Involves dynamic muscle activation and tension production that is below the level of external resistance to that physical lengthening of the muscle occurs as it controls the load, as when lowering a weight.

A

Eccentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What direction will the slide occur if the surface of the moving bone is concave? Convex?

A

If the joint surface of the moving bone is CONCAVE the slide of the joint will be in the SAME direction as the swing of the bone.

If the joint surface of the moving bone is CONVEX, the slide of the joint will be in the OPPOSITE direction as the swing of the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ability of contractile tissue to produce tension The greatest measurable force exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximal effort

A

Muscle strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The ability of the neuromuscular system to produce, reduce or control forces encountered during normal functional activities

A

Functional strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What exercises are effective when you are teaching a client postural control of a cervical hyperlordosis?

A 
Axial extension (cervical retraction) to decrease a forward head posture:
- Patient position and procedure: Sitting or standing, with arms relaxed at the side. Lightly touch above the lip under the nose and ask the patient to lift the head up and away as if a string was pulling their head upward Verbally reinforce the correct posture and draw attention to the way it feels. Have the patient move to the extreme of the correct posture and then return to midline.

Scapular retraction
- Patient position and procedure: Sitting or standing. For tactile and proprioceptive cues, gently resist movement of the inferior angle of the scapulae and ask the patient to pinch them together (retraction). Suggest that the patient imagine “holding a quarter between the shoulder blades’ ‘ or imagine “putting their elbows in their back pockets’ ‘ The patient should not extend the shoulders or elevate the scapulae (Fig. 14.21 B).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Posterior curves (present at birth) - Convexity is posterior - These curves are named kyphosis curves - Found in the thoracic and sacral regions

A

Primary curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

“Compensatory” curves that develop as infants lift their head & eventually stand. - Convexity in anterior - These curves are named lordosis curves - Found in the cervical and lumbar regions

A

Secondary curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Curves named Lordosis Curves

A

Secondary Curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Curves named Kyphosis Curves?

A

Primary Curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What will influence the movement of the lumbar spine?

A

Facet joint orientation movement
Strengthen Abdominals
Joint Mobilzations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the progression of core strengthening?

A

1) Deep Neck Flexors - Activation and Training
2) Lower Cervical & Upper Thoracic Extensor Activation & Training
3) Drawing in Maneuver for Transverse Abdominis Activaton
4) Abdominal Bracing
5) Posterior Pelvic Tilt
6) Multidifus Activation & Training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Describe Feed forward mechanism?

A

The CNS activates the trunk muscles in anticipation of the load being imposed by limb movement to maintain stability of the spine
Kind of opposite of “feedback” system

“This happens in anticipation NOT in response”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What conditions have an extension bias?

A

1) Patient often assumes a flexed posture or flexed with lateral deviation
2) Sustained or repetitive extension maneuver reduce or relieve their symptoms
Examples: IVD lesion, Fluid stasis, mm imbalance, flexion injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What conditions have a flexion bias?

A

1) Patient may present with a flexed posture and be unable to extend because of increased neurological symptoms and decreased mobility
2) The flexed position reduces or relieves the symptoms
Examples: FJI, Spondylosis, Extension load injury, Disc Lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How would you differentiate a stretch for levator scapula, SCM, Scalenes?

A

Levator Scapula:
- Contralateral Flexion, Contralateral Rotation, Inferior Rotation (Look down to armpit), Hand under leg to depress scapula

SCM:
- Contralateral Flexion and rotation with extension

Ant Scalene:
- Contralateral flexion & Ipsilateral Rotation

Middle and Post Scalene:
- Contralateral Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What structures are affected with a client who has a flat back posture?

A

1) Flat upper back and neck
2) Potential Muscle Impairments: Mobility impairment in the anterior neck muscles, thoracic erector spinae, and scapular retractors, and potentially restricted scapular movement, which decreases the freedom of shoulder elevation. ▪ Impaired muscle performance in the scapular
3) Flat low back - Decreased lumbosacral angle with decreased lumbar lordosis
4) Posterior pelvic tilt
5) Flat upper back o Decrease in thoracic curve
6) Depressed scapula/ depressed clavicle
7) Exaggeration of axial extension due to flexion of occiput on atlas and flattening of cervical lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the actions of the obliques? How do they work together?

A

internal & external obliques
Bilateral: trunk flexion
Unilateral: trunk rotation and lateral flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the purpose of the thoracolumbar fascia?

A
  • Restricts end range flexion and provide stabilization forces in the lumbar region
  • Surrounds erector spinae, multifidi and quadratus lumborum, thus providing support to these muscles when they contract.
48
Q

What exercise is effective to develop the strength and coordination of the transverse abdominis?

A

1) Drawing-In Maneuver for Transverse Abdominis Activation
2) Patient positions: Training may be easiest in the quadruped position in order to use the effects of gravity on the abdominal wall. Hook-lying (with knees 70° to 90° and feet resting on an exercise mat), prone-lying, or semi-reclined positions may be used if more comfortable for the patient. It is important to progress training to sitting and standing as soon as possible
3) Procedure: Teach the patient using demonstration, verbal cues, and tactile facilitation. Explain that the muscle encircles the trunk, and when activated, the waistline draws inward. Palpate the TrA muscle just distal to the ASIS and lateral to the rectus abdominis

49
Q

What is the primary function of the muscles of rectus abdominis

A

Trunk flexion

50
Q

hat is the primary function of internal & external obliques

A

Bilateral: trunk flexion
Unilateral: trunk rotation and lateral flexion
transversus abdominis
Stabilization (acts like a girdle of support). • Active with both isometric trunk flexion and extension

51
Q

What is the primary function of quadratus lumborum

A

Pelvic hiking & trunk side bending

52
Q

What is the primary function of erector spinae

A

Bilateral: trunk extensors
Unilateral: lateral flexion
Antagonist to gravity and prevents trunk from falling over

53
Q

What are the important guidelines to keep in mind for your client who has an acute spinal concern in the protection phase?

A

1) Educate Patient
2) Decrease Acute Symptoms
3) Teach awareness of neck and pelvic position and movement
4) Demonstrate safe postures
5) Initiate neuromuscular activation and control of stabilizing muscles
6) Teach safe performance of basic ADLs, progress to IADLS

54
Q

Which structure limits forward flexion of the spine?

A 
Posterior longitudinal
Supraspinous
Ligamentum nuchae
Interspinous
Ligamentum flavum
Capsular ligaments
55
Q

Describe nutation and counternutation

A

Nutation is anterior movement of the base of the sacrum. Counternutation is posterior.

56
Q

What direction of a glide would you perform to assist a client in increasing their hip flexion?

A

Posterior glide of hip

57
Q

Your client presents with a hyperlordosis, how do you strengthen the abdominal muscles?

A

Flexion forward, Curl-ups, Situps, Crunches

58
Q

What exercise would assist with pain that is centralized in nature due to a disc herniation?

A

Mild isometic stengthening of back

Drawing in maneuver

59
Q

First Class Levers

A

Their axis located between the line of force application and the line of resistance The line of force application (F) in humans is located at the muscles insertion point on the bone and the direction of this force is the line with the direction of that muscle The line of resistance (R) is the direction the resistance is applied to the lever/bone First class levers can overcome large resistances or produce great speed of movement depending where the axis lies in relation to the force and resistance

Examples include: - pliers - triceps acting at the elbow - scissors - gastrocnemius/soleus at the ankle - pry bars - cervical extensors acting at the sub occipital joint

60
Q

Second Class Levers

A

The resistance located between the axis and the line of force These are strong levers because of their mechanical advantage

Examples include, wheelbarrow, nutcracker o fireplace bellows There are not many convincing examples of second class levers in the body however it has been argued that the foot when rising on the toes (metatarsophalangeal joints) is an example of a second class lever The axis in this case is considered to be the MTP joints, the force is applied at the heel where the Achilles tendon attached and the resistance is located at the ankle where the weight of the body is transferred to the foot

61
Q

Third Class Levers

A

Third class levers have the force located between the axis and the line of resistance These are fast levers at the expense of being strong Third class lever arrangements are designed for speed at the distal segment and a moving small resistance over a large distance A small amount of shortening of a muscle like brachialis results in a large arc of movement

Examples include: - The spring closes a screen door - Using a shovel - Golf clubs/baseball bats - Pectorals acting at the shoulder - Deltoids at the shoulder - Psoas major at the hip - Infraspinatus at the shoulder - Biceps brachii at the elbow - Hamstrings at the knee

62
Q

Goals of stabilization, strength, and endurance training for the spine

A

1) Activate and develop neuromuscular control of core and global spinal stabilizing muscles to support the spine against external loading
2) Develop endurance and strength in the muscles of the axial skeleton for functional activities
3) Develop control of balance in stable and unstable situations

63
Q

Specific guidelines for muscle performance of the spine (Know order)

A

1) Begin training awareness of safe spinal motions and the neutral spine position or bias
2) Have patient learn to activate the deep (core) stabilizing musculature while in the neutral position
3) Add extremity motions to load the global musculature while maintaining a stable neutral spine position (dynamic stabilization).
4) Increase repetitions to improve holding capacity (endurance) in the stabilizing musculature; increase load (change lever arm or add resistance) to improve strength while maintaining a stable neural spine position.
5) Use alternating isometric contractions and rhythmic stabilization techniques to enhance stabilization and balance with fluctuating loads
6) Progress to movement from one position to another in conjunction with extremity motions while maintaining a stable neutral spine
7) Use unstable surfaces to improve the stabilizing response and improve balance

64
Q

Understand Fulcrum on Levers (Look at notes)

A

-

65
Q

Which lever is most common?

A

3rd Lever

66
Q

Mobilize the tibial nerve

A

Ankle dorsiflexion with eversion

67
Q

Contraindications of nerve mobilizations

A

1) Acute or unstable neurological signs
2) Cauda equine symptoms related to that spine including changes in bowel or bladder control and perineal sensation:
3) Spinal cord injury or symptoms
4) Neoplasm and infection.

68
Q

science of “the science of movement”

A

Kinesiology

69
Q

Active insufficiency

A

Unable to reach the contraction force because of hte limit of muscle length

70
Q

Passive insufficiency

A

Unable to reach full range of motion because of the limit of muscle length

71
Q

Newton’s 1st law (Keeps moving - Car)

A

A body remains at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line until acted upon by an unbalanced or outside force when a body is at rest, the forces acting upon it are completely balanced when the body or part is in motion it will continue to move until some force causes it to stop the force necessary to overcome the inertia of the body depends on the weight of the body and the rate at which it is moving, which is the reason why it is more difficult to put a shot than to throw a baseball an object does not move unless a force has been applied that is greater than the object’s inertia

72
Q

Newton’s 2nd law (Law of Attraction)

A

The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force imparted to it and inversely proportional to its mass: acceleration = force mass the application of the same amount of force to a golf ball and a 12 lb shot will cause the golf ball to accelerate more because of its smaller mass by rearranging the formula this law can be stated differently where: force = mass x acceleration the force generated by a body is directly proportional both to its acceleration and to its mass, therefore this equation tells us that if the golf ball and the 12 lb shot are made to accelerate equally, the shot because of its greater mass will make a larger dent where it lands

73
Q

Newton’s 3rd law (Trampoline)

A

When one body exerts a force on a second body, there is an equal but opposite force exerted by the second body on the first forces are always on pairs that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction usually in biomechanics, internal body forces are referred to as “actions” and external forces applied to the body are known as “reactions” (i.e. weights, the floor/ground) when an individual pushes against or lifts up any object, the object pushes against the person or pulls down with equal force in a line directly opposite that of the individuals force

74
Q

Ability to perform low intensity repetitive or sustained activities over a prolonged period of time

A

Endurance

75
Q

Two types of Endurance:

A

1) Cardiovascular endurance: Total body endurance Repetitive dynamic motor activities like walking/cycling
2) Muscle endurance: Local endurance The ability of a muscle to contract repeatedly against an external load, generate and sustain tension, and resist fatigue over an extended period of time.

76
Q

Ability of contractile tissue to produce tension The greatest measurable force exerted by a muscle or muscle group to overcome resistance during a single maximal effort

A

Muscle strength

77
Q

Strength and speed of movement
Defined as the work (Force X Distance) produced by a muscle per unit of time (Force X Distance/Time) “the rate of performing work”

A

Power

78
Q

Two aspects of power

A

1) Anaerobic power work produced over a very brief period of time single burst of high intensity activity
2) Aerobic power work produced over an extended period of time repetitive burst of less intense activity

79
Q

Power enhanced by?

A

increasing the work a muscle must perform in a specified period of time o the greater the intensity of the exercise and shorter the time period taken to generate force, the greater the muscle power

80
Q

Open chain exercise?

A

1) Non weight bearing position/exercise
2) Distal segment (hand/foot) moves freely during exercise
3) Most effective in isolating or training individual muscles/groups
4) Open chain tend to allow more control and are probably safer in the early phase of rehabilitation

81
Q

Closed chain exercise?

A

1) Weight bearing position assumed and the body moves over a fixed distal segment
2) Tend to have more substitute motions
3) Closed chain increase joint congruency/approximation which increases stability
4) Less joint shear forces, results in less friction/wear and tear
5) Closed chain tends to provide greater proprioceptive/ kinesthetic feedback
6) Best choice for balance or postural control

82
Q

The ability of structures to be moved freely, without restriction.
Can be used interchangeably with mobility

A

Flexibility

83
Q

The tendency of the force to produce rotation around the axis

A

Torque

84
Q

If a force is exerted in a body that can rotate about some pivot or fulcrum point, the force is said to generate?

A

Torque

85
Q
A

1) Elbow flexors cause the forearm to rotate around its fulcrum (the elbow joint) creating torque
torque equals the product of the force magnitude and its perpendicular distance from the direction of force to the point or axis of rotation
- This perpendicular distance is called the moment arm or torque arm

2) torque or turning effect at the elbow when holding a 5 lb weight (neglect the weight of the forearm) with the elbow flexed at 90 degrees is the product of the weight times its perpendicular distance or moment length from the elbow joint
3) If this 5 lb weight is held at 1 ft away from the elbow joint then the moment arm is considered to be 1 ft (remember at 90 degrees of elbow flexion the forearm is parallel to the ground and the moment length will be the actual length of the forearm)

86
Q

The application of mechanics to the living human body

A

Biomechanics

87
Q

Subacute Spinal Problems Plan of Care

A

1) Educate patient in self-management and how to decrease episodes of pain
2) Progress awareness and control of spinal alignment
3) Increase mobility in restricted mm/joint/fascia/nerve
4) Teach techniques to dvlp neuromuscular control, strength, endurance
5) Dvlp cardiopulmonary endurance
6) Teach techniques of stress relief/relaxation
7) Teach safe body mechanics and functional adaptations

88
Q

Chronic Spinal Problems Plan of Care

A

1) Emphasize spinal control in high-intensity and repetitive activity
2) Increase mobility in restricted mm/joint/fascia/nerve
3) Improve mm performance, dynamic trunk and extremity strength, coordination and endurance
4) Increase cardiopulmonary endurance
5) Emphasize habitual use of techniques of stress relief/relaxation/ posture control
6) Teach safe progression to high-level/high-intensity activity
7) Teach healthy exercise habits for self-maintence

89
Q

What are Links?

What are Pivots?

A

Links are Bones

Pivots are Joints

90
Q

Are Fast Levers Strong?

A

No

- Fast levers are not strong and strong levers are not fast

91
Q

Do Levers Rotate?

A

Levers rotate around a Fulcrum (Fixed point or joint), or an axis that is opposite to the plane of motion

92
Q

Axis is between the line of Force and Resistance (MA is Greater or Less than 1)

A

1st Class Levers

93
Q

Resistance between Axis and Force (MA Greater than 1)

A

2nd Class Lever

94
Q

Force between Axis and Resistance (MA less than 1)

A

3rd Class Lever

95
Q

What direction glide to increase flexion are the hip?

A

Posterior

96
Q

Is swelling a CI to stretching?

A

Yes

97
Q

How to stretch Gastrocnemius

A

Dorsiflexion and Extend the Knee

98
Q

How to give eccentric Bicep Stretch?

A

Elongating at the elbow (extended)

99
Q

Rotating to Left - what is happening at Facet Joint?

A

Left move posteriorly and right moves anteriorly

100
Q

What is considered extension bias?

A

Disc Herniation

101
Q

Flat Low Back Characteristics

A 
Posterior Tilt of Hip
Hip Flexors (Quad) Lengthened
Hip Extensors (Hammys) are Contracted
Abdominals are Contracted
102
Q

Sway Back Characteristics

A 
Thoracic shift posterior
Hip Extension (Pelvis Shift Anterior)
Flexion of Thorax @ Upper Lumbar
Intercostals Shortened
Thoracic Stretched
103
Q

Which glide to decrease in Hip Extension

A

Anterior Glide

104
Q

Example of Penniform Muscle

A

Rectus Femoris

105
Q

Which Lever is Axis between Load and Force

A

1st Class

106
Q

Management Guidelines during Acute Stage

A

1) Patient Education
2) Protection of Injured Tissue
3) Prevention of Adverse Effects of Immobilization

107
Q

Management Guidelines during Subacute Stage

A

1) Patient Education
2) Management of Pain and Inflammation
3) Initiation of Active Exercise
4) Initiation and Progression of Stretching
5) Correct Contributing Factors

108
Q

Management Guideline for Chronic Phase

A

1) Patient Education
2) Progression of Exercise
3) Progression of Stretching
4) Progression of Muscle Performance Exercise
5) Return to High Demand Activity

109
Q

Application of mechanics to the living human body?

A

Biomechanics

110
Q

What are the 2 basic types of movement?

A

1) Linear motion

2) Angular motion

111
Q

What 4 movements do muscles produce?

A

1) Prime Mover (Agonist)
2) Antagonist
3) Fixator
4) Synergist

112
Q

Property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion in either speed or direction (Ball rolling down a hill)

A

Inertia

113
Q

Nervous system has considerable mobility to adapt to wide range of movements imposed on it by daily activities
- Nerve compressed as it passes a bony structure in confined space

A

Neural Tension

114
Q

Points to note when Neural Tension testing?

A

1) Every nerve examined separately b/c every position elongates nerve
2) Test position to detect nerve mobility same as treatment position
3) Test unaffected side first

115
Q

If SI joints are not free to move, the stride length is decreased and vertical limp is present

A

Gait

Remex 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions