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Pathology Of Injury And Illness > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

A patient shows up with shoulder pain/arm pain and is known to be a smoker, has hypertension, diabetes and obesity. What might this person have?

A

Myocardial infarction

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2
Q

what test is urgent to get when someone has a myocardial infarction

A

EKG

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3
Q

can a doctor be sued for malpractice if they do not recognize an myocardial infarction on an EKG (TF)

A

true

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4
Q

SIADH can be caused by what?

A

cancer
chemo
psych meds

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5
Q

do people with SIADH have high or low sodium

A

low

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6
Q

If a patient becomes resistant to ADH do they urinate more or less

A

more

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7
Q

what complications are associated with diverticulitis?

A

abscesses

perforation

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8
Q

what does the mechanism of diverticulitis resemble

A

appendicitis

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9
Q

why are people on blood thinners for atrial fibrillation?

A

they are prone to strokes

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10
Q

why do people with atrial fibrillation are prone to getting strokes?

A

they have a lot of turbulence that leads to blood clots

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11
Q

Patient comes in, with altered mental status and confusion what is the first test to get.

A

blood sugar to check for hypoglycemia

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12
Q

if a person has liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, what test should you get

A

ammonia levels bc it get accumulated due ti the urea cycle

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13
Q

`If a chronic kidney patient comes in with altered mentation what test should you get

A

BUN blood test

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14
Q

someone with COPD comes in with confusion what test should you get(chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder )

A

PCO2 test

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15
Q

college basketball player suddenly collapses, patient has a genetic mutation of the heart muscles, what kind of disease do they have?
(not important)

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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16
Q

why does hypertrophic myopathy happen

A

Left ventricle walls are too thick bc they pump too hard

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17
Q

what does a tapeworm cause

A

vitamin B12 deficiency

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18
Q

whats a macrocytic anemia with least possible neurological deficiency

A

folate deficiancy

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19
Q

what’s the most common anemia

A

iron deficiancy

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20
Q

what anemia would decrease amount of globulin chains

A

thalassemia

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21
Q

elderly person found in their home down on the ground what do expect upon running tests?

A

elevated creatinine levels and CK levels causing rhabdomyolysis

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22
Q

What substance in the blood is toxic in the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis.

A

myoglobin

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23
Q

which cardiomyopathy is caused by alcohol or meth use

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

patient has impaired filling of the heart or amyloid deposition, what do they have

A

restrictive cardiomyopathy

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25
Q

on an EKG we see deep Q waves, what heart disease are we dealing with

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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26
Q

what heart disease is ti when someone has chest pain that is relieved by sitting up?

A

pericarditis

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27
Q

is a hemorrhagic stroke a complication of sickle cell disease?

A

No

in stokes clots are formed not bleeding

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28
Q

elderly patient here with a known atrial fibrillation history develops severe belly pain, what is happening ?

A

mesenteric ischemia

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29
Q

marfan syndrome is caused by a problem with what

A

fibrillin

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30
Q

What disease:
sharp gripping chest pain
high BP
catastrophic thoughts

A

aortic dissection

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31
Q

aortic dissection patient goes from high blood pressure to really low, what happened

A

pericardial tamponade

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32
Q

pericardial tamponade is what kind of shock

A

obstructive shock

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33
Q

what is the formula for ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

A

PI02/ (FIO2)= greater than 300

must be greater than 300

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34
Q

a patient dies of myocardial infarction, what does the heart look like upon autopsy

A

coagulation necrosis

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35
Q

how can you diagnose peptic ulcer disease using an x-ray

A

see free air under the diaphragm in the x ray

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36
Q

how do antibiotics help with peptic ulcer disease?

A

they kill H pylori

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37
Q

when should a patient get a thrombectomy or IV TPA

A

IV TPA- if stroke within last 4 hours
thrombectomy- last 24 hours

the patient should not get either treatment

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38
Q

Newborn has a hematoma, is it direct or indirect bilirubin

A

indirect bc anything to do with hemolysis is indirect

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39
Q

a baby gets jaundice, from breast milk. what do you tell the mother?

A

continue breastfeeding

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40
Q

elderly patient has vaginal bleeding and dementia, what is the first hing you should find out

A

make sure the source of bleeding really from the vagina

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41
Q

what is the number one risk for bowel obstruction

A

prior surgerys that cause adhesion

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42
Q

what organ does fitzhugh carter syndrome hit

A

the liver due to swelling of the pelvis

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43
Q

what is the top risk factor for ectopic pregnancies

A

pelvic inflammatory disease

it is harder for the fertilized egg to travel down the fallopian tubes

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44
Q

top medical specialties with the highest risk for malpractice have what in common

A

surgery

45
Q

what disease causes proteins E6 and E7 to inhibit tumor suppressors?

A

HPV

46
Q

what is P53

A

tumor suppressor gene

47
Q

What arre the symptoms in abdominal aortic aneurysm?

A

a pulsatile mass, hypotension and flank pain

48
Q

what are the four scenarios in a code blue situation?

A
  1. V fib
  2. V tach
  3. PEA
  4. Asystole
49
Q

In V fib what material do you need

A

defibrillator
epi
amiodarone

50
Q

In V tach what material do you need

A

defibrillator
epinephrine
amiodarone

51
Q

In PEA what material do you need

A

epi
CPR
(no shock)

52
Q

In asystole what material do you need

A

epi
CPR
(no shock)

53
Q

what are the four features of tetralogy of fallot

A

VSD (ventricular septal defect)
pulmonary stenosis
misplaced aorta
thick ventricular wall

54
Q

cirrhosis patient comes in with altered mentation, what is the mechanism

A

liver failure
problems with urea cycle
ammonia builds up
causes confusion

55
Q

heroine addict comes in with a fever, what is the source

A

infective endocarditis

56
Q

what two tests do you need to diagnose infective endocarditis

A

blood cultures and EKG

57
Q

with drug abuse what valve is damaged first by injecting

A

tricuspid valve

58
Q

Pale looking person, with severe pelvic pain and who is pregnant with positive hcg and gets shoulder pain, what is the diagnosis?
why is there shoulder pain?

A

heterotopic pregnancy

Kehr’s sign
irritation of the diaphragm

59
Q

why is the HR low in heterotopic pregnancies

A

the blood in the belly irritates the Vagus nerve

60
Q

what type of shock is caused by a ruptured heterotopic pregnancy?

A

hypovolemic shock

61
Q

why are women more susceptible to gallstones

A

they produce more estrogen and progesterone

62
Q

what is the treatment for miscarriages

A

medication

DNC

63
Q

what is the connection between cystic fibrosis and elevated blood sugar

A

chloride cannot exit the cells
sodium continues to enter
causing water to enter the cell
causes it to thicken and can plug up insulin ducts -> hyperglycemia

64
Q

what are complications of cystic fibrosis patients?

A

infertility
pneumonia
gallstones

65
Q

young female comes in, with a red hot swollen painful knee. what’s a reasonable question to ask on the history.

A

have you been sexually active

bc could be gonorrhea infection

66
Q

patient has chest pain, and we are suspecting a myocardial infarction. Why is it not a good idea to give nitroglycerin?

A

they could have cardiogenic shock and nitroglycerine can further lower BP

nitroglycerine lowers pre load

67
Q

ovarian torsion is suspected in a you female. a trans vaginal ultrasound is normal but the patient is still in pain. what to do next?

A

still suspect ovarian torsion, call OBGYN to do a diagnostic laparoscopy

68
Q

ovarian torsion is suspected in a you female. a trans vaginal ultrasound is normal but the patient is still in pain. what to do next?

A

still suspect ovarian torsion, call OBGYN to do a diagnostic laparoscopy

69
Q

most common UTI bug

A

e coli

70
Q

what medication cab Damage the renal tubules ?

A

aminoglycocides

71
Q

what two components does COPD involve

A

chronic bronchitis

emphysema

72
Q

Suppose a COPD patient has an elevated white blood cell count and they have no infection

A

the elevated WBC is due to steroids

73
Q

whats the role of revers transcriptase

A

convert RNA to DNA

74
Q

what is the disulfur reaction

A

acetaldehyde builds up and causes vomiting

75
Q

patient has painless hematuria (blood urine) and is recovering from an upper respiratory infection, and has protein in their urine. what is happening to the kidneys?

A

igA nephropathy disease

immunoglobulin A is building up in the kidneys

76
Q

what type of hypersensitivity are we dealing with if there are free floating immunoglobulins

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

77
Q

what do intraventricular radiologists do?

A

drain abscesses
extract clots
place nephrostomy tubes

78
Q

In tylenol poisoning acetaminophen what accumulates and what depletes

A

depletion: glutathione
accumulates: napqi

79
Q

what is ohms law

A

MAP= COx systemic vascular resistance

80
Q

what happens to SVR (systemic vascular resistance ) if we give someone histamine

A

SVR decreases

When SVR decreases BP increases

81
Q

what happens to blood pressure with bipap

A

BP decreases

82
Q

why do we put someone is in trendelenburg position

A

increases pre load, increase BP

83
Q

what does nitroglycerine do?

A

decreases pre load decreases BP

84
Q

what happens to BP in a squat

A

increase BP

85
Q

Somebody with thyroid problems has weight gain, fatigue, and decreased appetite, is this hyper or Hypo thyroidism

A

hypo

weight gain = hippo

86
Q

What are some risk factors for DDT pulmonary embolism

A

smoking

87
Q

patient with severe headaches stiff neck and fever, what are we thinking about

A

meningitis

88
Q

how to diagnose meningitis

A

lumbar puncture

89
Q

heavily intoxicated patient who passes out are at risk for developing what?

A

bodily trauma
aspiration pnemonia
hypoglycemia

90
Q

why do we test magnesium levels for DKA patient

A

we need mg to process potassium

91
Q

kidney stone patient, and we are getting an ultrasound of the kidney, what are we looking for on the ultrasound

A

swelling of the kidneys

92
Q

i’m 50 year old male with COPD and pneumothorax who ends up getting intubated. hy did we integrate the patient?

A

bc of the rising CO2 levels

93
Q

Patient comes in, with fatigue and brain fog what other differentials can mimic brain fog or fatigue right anemia can do this.

A

low sodium

dehydration

94
Q

what is recent antibiotic use a risk factor for

A

c diff

95
Q

how do we treat eclampsia

A

magnesium
anti-hypertensive
benzodiapine

96
Q

what psychiatric disorder requires the most observation

A

schizo

97
Q

what psychiatric disorder results in weird behavior but no psychosis like a personality disorder?

A

schizotypal personality disorder

98
Q

A,B,O type incompatibility what hypersensitivity is that

A

type 2

99
Q

narco overdose is the combination of an overdose of what two drugs?

A

acetaminophen

hydrocodone

100
Q

what can excessive acetaminophen cause

A

liver failure

101
Q

what can hydrocodone cause

A

respiratory depression

102
Q

what is the earliest phase in wound healing

A

hemostasis

103
Q

what covid test stays + the longest

A

PCR

104
Q

when a person is exposed to covid whe should they test?

A

5-7 days after exposure

105
Q

which milk doesn’t cause eczema

A

hydrolyzed milk

106
Q

if somebody has stroke like symptoms, what do you advise them to do

A

call 911

they could still be a TPA canidate

107
Q

inside the granuloma what kind of cells are there

A

macrophages

108
Q

in the periphery of the granuloma what kind of cells do we have

A

T cells

Pathology Of Injury And Illness (11 decks)

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