Final Review

Question 1

A patient shows up with shoulder pain/arm pain and is known to be a smoker, has hypertension, diabetes and obesity. What might this person have?

Answer 1

Myocardial infarction

Question 2

what test is urgent to get when someone has a myocardial infarction

Answer 2

EKG

Question 3

can a doctor be sued for malpractice if they do not recognize an myocardial infarction on an EKG (TF)

Answer 3

true

Question 4

SIADH can be caused by what?

Answer 4

cancer
chemo
psych meds

Question 5

do people with SIADH have high or low sodium

Answer 5

low

Question 6

If a patient becomes resistant to ADH do they urinate more or less

Answer 6

more

Question 7

what complications are associated with diverticulitis?

Answer 7

abscesses

perforation

Question 8

what does the mechanism of diverticulitis resemble

Answer 8

appendicitis

Question 9

why are people on blood thinners for atrial fibrillation?

Answer 9

they are prone to strokes

Question 10

why do people with atrial fibrillation are prone to getting strokes?

Answer 10

they have a lot of turbulence that leads to blood clots

Question 11

Patient comes in, with altered mental status and confusion what is the first test to get.

Answer 11

blood sugar to check for hypoglycemia

Question 12

if a person has liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy, what test should you get

Answer 12

ammonia levels bc it get accumulated due ti the urea cycle

Question 13

`If a chronic kidney patient comes in with altered mentation what test should you get

Answer 13

BUN blood test

Question 14

someone with COPD comes in with confusion what test should you get(chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder )

Answer 14

PCO2 test

Question 15

college basketball player suddenly collapses, patient has a genetic mutation of the heart muscles, what kind of disease do they have?
(not important)

Answer 15

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 16

why does hypertrophic myopathy happen

Answer 16

Left ventricle walls are too thick bc they pump too hard

Question 17

what does a tapeworm cause

Answer 17

vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 18

whats a macrocytic anemia with least possible neurological deficiency

Answer 18

folate deficiancy

Question 19

what’s the most common anemia

Answer 19

iron deficiancy

Question 20

what anemia would decrease amount of globulin chains

Answer 20

thalassemia

Question 21

elderly person found in their home down on the ground what do expect upon running tests?

Answer 21

elevated creatinine levels and CK levels causing rhabdomyolysis

Question 22

What substance in the blood is toxic in the pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis.

Answer 22

myoglobin

Question 23

which cardiomyopathy is caused by alcohol or meth use

Answer 23

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 24

patient has impaired filling of the heart or amyloid deposition, what do they have

Answer 24

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 25

on an EKG we see deep Q waves, what heart disease are we dealing with

Answer 25

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 26

what heart disease is ti when someone has chest pain that is relieved by sitting up?

Answer 26

pericarditis

Question 27

is a hemorrhagic stroke a complication of sickle cell disease?

Answer 27

No | in stokes clots are formed not bleeding

Question 28

elderly patient here with a known atrial fibrillation history develops severe belly pain, what is happening ?

Answer 28

mesenteric ischemia

Question 29

marfan syndrome is caused by a problem with what

Answer 29

fibrillin

Question 30

What disease: sharp gripping chest pain high BP catastrophic thoughts

Answer 30

aortic dissection

Question 31

aortic dissection patient goes from high blood pressure to really low, what happened

Answer 31

pericardial tamponade

Question 32

pericardial tamponade is what kind of shock

Answer 32

obstructive shock

Question 33

what is the formula for ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Answer 33

PI02/ (FIO2)= greater than 300 | must be greater than 300

Question 34

a patient dies of myocardial infarction, what does the heart look like upon autopsy

Answer 34

coagulation necrosis

Question 35

how can you diagnose peptic ulcer disease using an x-ray

Answer 35

see free air under the diaphragm in the x ray

Question 36

how do antibiotics help with peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 36

they kill H pylori

Question 37

when should a patient get a thrombectomy or IV TPA

Answer 37

IV TPA- if stroke within last 4 hours thrombectomy- last 24 hours the patient should not get either treatment

Question 38

Newborn has a hematoma, is it direct or indirect bilirubin

Answer 38

indirect bc anything to do with hemolysis is indirect

Question 39

a baby gets jaundice, from breast milk. what do you tell the mother?

Answer 39

continue breastfeeding

Question 40

elderly patient has vaginal bleeding and dementia, what is the first hing you should find out

Answer 40

make sure the source of bleeding really from the vagina

Question 41

what is the number one risk for bowel obstruction

Answer 41

prior surgerys that cause adhesion

Question 42

what organ does fitzhugh carter syndrome hit

Answer 42

the liver due to swelling of the pelvis

Question 43

what is the top risk factor for ectopic pregnancies

Answer 43

pelvic inflammatory disease it is harder for the fertilized egg to travel down the fallopian tubes

Question 44

top medical specialties with the highest risk for malpractice have what in common

Answer 44

surgery

Question 45

what disease causes proteins E6 and E7 to inhibit tumor suppressors?

Answer 45

HPV

Question 46

what is P53

Answer 46

tumor suppressor gene

Question 47

What arre the symptoms in abdominal aortic aneurysm?

Answer 47

a pulsatile mass, hypotension and flank pain

Question 48

what are the four scenarios in a code blue situation?

Answer 48

1. V fib 2. V tach 3. PEA 4. Asystole

Question 49

In V fib what material do you need

Answer 49

defibrillator epi amiodarone

Question 50

In V tach what material do you need

Answer 50

defibrillator epinephrine amiodarone

Question 51

In PEA what material do you need

Answer 51

epi CPR (no shock)

Question 52

In asystole what material do you need

Answer 52

epi CPR (no shock)

Question 53

what are the four features of tetralogy of fallot

Answer 53

VSD (ventricular septal defect) pulmonary stenosis misplaced aorta thick ventricular wall

Question 54

cirrhosis patient comes in with altered mentation, what is the mechanism

Answer 54

liver failure problems with urea cycle ammonia builds up causes confusion

Question 55

heroine addict comes in with a fever, what is the source

Answer 55

infective endocarditis

Question 56

what two tests do you need to diagnose infective endocarditis

Answer 56

blood cultures and EKG

Question 57

with drug abuse what valve is damaged first by injecting

Answer 57

tricuspid valve

Question 58

Pale looking person, with severe pelvic pain and who is pregnant with positive hcg and gets shoulder pain, what is the diagnosis? why is there shoulder pain?

Answer 58

heterotopic pregnancy Kehr's sign irritation of the diaphragm

Question 59

why is the HR low in heterotopic pregnancies

Answer 59

the blood in the belly irritates the Vagus nerve

Question 60

what type of shock is caused by a ruptured heterotopic pregnancy?

Answer 60

hypovolemic shock

Question 61

why are women more susceptible to gallstones

Answer 61

they produce more estrogen and progesterone

Question 62

what is the treatment for miscarriages

Answer 62

medication | DNC

Question 63

what is the connection between cystic fibrosis and elevated blood sugar

Answer 63

chloride cannot exit the cells sodium continues to enter causing water to enter the cell causes it to thicken and can plug up insulin ducts -> hyperglycemia

Question 64

what are complications of cystic fibrosis patients?

Answer 64

infertility pneumonia gallstones

Question 65

young female comes in, with a red hot swollen painful knee. what's a reasonable question to ask on the history.

Answer 65

have you been sexually active | bc could be gonorrhea infection

Question 66

patient has chest pain, and we are suspecting a myocardial infarction. Why is it not a good idea to give nitroglycerin?

Answer 66

they could have cardiogenic shock and nitroglycerine can further lower BP nitroglycerine lowers pre load

Question 67

ovarian torsion is suspected in a you female. a trans vaginal ultrasound is normal but the patient is still in pain. what to do next?

Answer 67

still suspect ovarian torsion, call OBGYN to do a diagnostic laparoscopy

Question 68

ovarian torsion is suspected in a you female. a trans vaginal ultrasound is normal but the patient is still in pain. what to do next?

Answer 68

still suspect ovarian torsion, call OBGYN to do a diagnostic laparoscopy

Question 69

most common UTI bug

Answer 69

e coli

Question 70

what medication cab Damage the renal tubules ?

Answer 70

aminoglycocides

Question 71

what two components does COPD involve

Answer 71

chronic bronchitis | emphysema

Question 72

Suppose a COPD patient has an elevated white blood cell count and they have no infection

Answer 72

the elevated WBC is due to steroids

Question 73

whats the role of revers transcriptase

Answer 73

convert RNA to DNA

Question 74

what is the disulfur reaction

Answer 74

acetaldehyde builds up and causes vomiting

Question 75

patient has painless hematuria (blood urine) and is recovering from an upper respiratory infection, and has protein in their urine. what is happening to the kidneys?

Answer 75

igA nephropathy disease | immunoglobulin A is building up in the kidneys

Question 76

what type of hypersensitivity are we dealing with if there are free floating immunoglobulins

Answer 76

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 77

what do intraventricular radiologists do?

Answer 77

drain abscesses extract clots place nephrostomy tubes

Question 78

In tylenol poisoning acetaminophen what accumulates and what depletes

Answer 78

depletion: glutathione accumulates: napqi

Question 79

what is ohms law

Answer 79

MAP= COx systemic vascular resistance

Question 80

what happens to SVR (systemic vascular resistance ) if we give someone histamine

Answer 80

SVR decreases | When SVR decreases BP increases

Question 81

what happens to blood pressure with bipap

Answer 81

BP decreases

Question 82

why do we put someone is in trendelenburg position

Answer 82

increases pre load, increase BP

Question 83

what does nitroglycerine do?

Answer 83

decreases pre load decreases BP

Question 84

what happens to BP in a squat

Answer 84

increase BP

Question 85

Somebody with thyroid problems has weight gain, fatigue, and decreased appetite, is this hyper or Hypo thyroidism

Answer 85

hypo weight gain = hippo

Question 86

What are some risk factors for DDT pulmonary embolism

Answer 86

smoking

Question 87

patient with severe headaches stiff neck and fever, what are we thinking about

Answer 87

meningitis

Question 88

how to diagnose meningitis

Answer 88

lumbar puncture

Question 89

heavily intoxicated patient who passes out are at risk for developing what?

Answer 89

bodily trauma aspiration pnemonia hypoglycemia

Question 90

why do we test magnesium levels for DKA patient

Answer 90

we need mg to process potassium

Question 91

kidney stone patient, and we are getting an ultrasound of the kidney, what are we looking for on the ultrasound

Answer 91

swelling of the kidneys

Question 92

i'm 50 year old male with COPD and pneumothorax who ends up getting intubated. hy did we integrate the patient?

Answer 92

bc of the rising CO2 levels

Question 93

Patient comes in, with fatigue and brain fog what other differentials can mimic brain fog or fatigue right anemia can do this.

Answer 93

low sodium | dehydration

Question 94

what is recent antibiotic use a risk factor for

Answer 94

c diff

Question 95

how do we treat eclampsia

Answer 95

magnesium anti-hypertensive benzodiapine

Question 96

what psychiatric disorder requires the most observation

Answer 96

schizo

Question 97

what psychiatric disorder results in weird behavior but no psychosis like a personality disorder?

Answer 97

schizotypal personality disorder

Question 98

A,B,O type incompatibility what hypersensitivity is that

Answer 98

type 2

Question 99

narco overdose is the combination of an overdose of what two drugs?

Answer 99

acetaminophen | hydrocodone

Question 100

what can excessive acetaminophen cause

Answer 100

liver failure

Question 101

what can hydrocodone cause

Answer 101

respiratory depression

Question 102

what is the earliest phase in wound healing

Answer 102

hemostasis

Question 103

what covid test stays + the longest

Answer 103

PCR

Question 104

when a person is exposed to covid whe should they test?

Answer 104

5-7 days after exposure

Question 105

which milk doesn't cause eczema

Answer 105

hydrolyzed milk

Question 106

if somebody has stroke like symptoms, what do you advise them to do

Answer 106

call 911 | they could still be a TPA canidate

Question 107

inside the granuloma what kind of cells are there

Answer 107

macrophages

Question 108

in the periphery of the granuloma what kind of cells do we have

Answer 108

T cells