Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology Of Injury And Illness > Midterm Review > Flashcards

Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 phases of of acute inflammation in order

A

Hemostasis (blood clotting)
Inflammation
Proliferation
maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In which of the 4 phases of inflammation is collagen produced?

A

Proliferative phase

Maturation phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In theory if someone cannot produce collagen what would happen during wound healing?

A

Wound healing would be slower and not as effective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Skills lab

I f someone has an accute abdomen (infection or inflammation of the periniam ) how would they present this pain?

A

When you push up on the area their muscles will tense up in effort to guard the pain as well as abdominal pain and a cough

Will also have rebound tenderness casuing them pain when you remove pressure from the areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens to HR if someoeone is dehydrated?

A

HR increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to hemeglobbin and WBC when someone is dehydrated?

A

They BOTH increase due to chemoconcentration

Both increaing is a signal that its bc of dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Name a mechanism of cancer

A

UV light produces free radicals causing cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bacteria is super imposed on to influeza?

A

Staphylococcous areus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Psychiatric disorder that involves restricted interests and repetitive motions

A

Autisim spectrum disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cancer that commonly metastisizes via the portal vein to the liver

A

Colon cancer

Colon cancel travels upstream using the potal vein to get to the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A chemotherapy patient presents with elevated K+ and phophate levels and elevated uric acid what is happening?

A

The patient has Tumor License Sydrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This liver disease is a type 2 hypersensitivity polyarthritis nodosa and a result of liver disease

A

Hepatitus B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mimic for asthma? Who doesit normally affect? What is it caused by?

A

Normally affects kids under 2 years old
Bronchiolitis
Caused by respiratory synctial virus (RSV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What charachteristics does hand foot and mouth disease consist of?

A

High fever

Lessions on distal extremeties and mouth and maybe butt too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What diagnosis do honey cristed lessions around the mouth point to

A

Impetigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does HPV casue?

A

Increased risk for cancer
Skin worts
Cervical cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

heroine abuser has weakness all ove the body and constipation due to a lack of acetocholine being released from the neuron into the neruomuscular junction, what is this?

A

Wound botulism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Volvo fungal vaginal infection caused by antibiotics

A

Candidiasis

Caused by candidia fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic disease with high sugar associated with autoimmune disease

A

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus

Not enough or does not respnd to insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What disease shows signs of darken pigmentation of the skin and adrenal insufficiency

A

Adisons disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Whats the most common cause of HYPOthhyroidsim

A

Hashimotos disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2

Symptoms of covvid 19?

A 
Pg (4)
Fever/chills
Congestion
Cough 
Fatigue
Loss of taste/smell
Nausea/vomiting
Headache
SOB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2

A patient asks should they be tested for covid (pg5 figure 2)

A

Reguardless of vax status
If they have symptoms
Asymptomatic in close distance with someone who has had covid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2

When should a patient be tested for COVID?

A

Reguardless of vax status:
If they have recently been on a plane
If they show any symptoms
People who were in close contact with someone who had covid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2
Viral RNA curve
Figure 1

A

Viral antigen has a short spike

Viral RNA has long curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2

How is the viral RNA curve different from the vral antigen curve

A

Viral RNA curve: a little wider

Viral antigen curve: a little skinnier, starts at a later time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hot off the press SARS-COVI 2

How is specificity and sensitivity of a PCR test different from an antigen test when taken 28 days after getting covid

A

The pCR test is more specific and more senitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is specificity in regards to viral infections

A

The specificity of a virus tells us which which hosts the virus can have as well as which cells within the host can be infected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is sensitivity in regards to viral infections?

A

How often a test gives a positive result when ssomeone has the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How is omicron different than delta

A

Increased transmission

Less efficacy of vaccines and antibody therapies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the impact of discharged patients not being able to go back to their nursinng homes

A

The hospitals are more full as well as ERs

Patients must be seen in the lobby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Whats the difference in symptoms of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy vs ruptured apendicitis

A

Rupture etopic pregnancy result si n internal bleeding and therfore pale skin
While ruptured apendicitis sign is High WBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

If the patient has a positive fast exam what might be going on?

A

Ruptired ectopic pregnancy because we are looking for blood in the belly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is a fast exam

A

Focused assesment with sonography in trauma

An bedside ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What happens to a patients sodium level when they have been vommiting

A

Sodium levles will decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the Bipolar disoder

A

A mental disorder in which a person mood fluctuates between manic and depressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the dfference btw type 1 bipolar, type 2

A

Type 1: full mania

Type 2: partial mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is one feature of mania in bipolar disorder

A

Sense of grandiosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the 3 indications that someo should be put on a psychiatric hold

A

Suicidal ideation
Homicidal ideation
Grave disability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What happens to Ohms law if a patient has vasodilation

A

SVR decreases therfore decreasing MAP

41
Q

What is ohms law

A

MAP=Cardiac output (CO) X systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

42
Q

What type of shock is associated with vasodilation

A

Distributed shock

43
Q

What kind of overdose is the following?
Intentional drug overdose
A patient comes in with low RR, tylenol level is high, acetaminophen levels are high

A

Narcotic overdose and acetaminophen overdose

44
Q

What are normal vital signs

A 
Temp: 37 C (up to 100.4 F)
Blood pressure: 120/80
HR: 60-100 bpm
RR: 12-20
SpO2: 92-100% on room air
45
Q

Should you give charcoal to a patient who is obtundant (groggy low RR)

A

No becuse theyll aspirate the charcoal(breath it in)

46
Q

What does AST and ALT test tell us

A

Tells us liver toxitcity due to drug overdose

47
Q

How does a lack of glutathion effect tylenol metabolism

A

When tylenol is taken it is converted into the harmful toxin NAPQI which is neutralized by GLutatione

Without Glutathione there would be NAPQI build up and lver damage

48
Q

Unilateral leg swelling and shortness of breath/hypoxia

A

Deep Vein THrombosis

49
Q

Signs of hypoxia

A 
Difficulty breathing
Coughing 
Wheezing
SOB
Abnormal HR
Palpations
50
Q

What do you expect for a lung exam with pulmunarty embolism

A

Clear lungs
Elevated troponin -because of streatching of R heart
Elevated BNP

Causing right heart strain

51
Q

Draw an antibody on the RBC

A
52
Q

Once an antibody biinds to a RBC what happens

A

It is destroyed by the compliment cascade

53
Q

Skills labe video: chest X rays

Heart borders are going to be pointed to, know how to name each

A
54
Q

TMN staging system, which has the worst prognosis

A

The one with the metastisis

55
Q

Patient undergoes neck surgery and starts experiencing paralysisand tetni. What is the mechanism?

A

Thyroidectomy ->Parathyroid injured/gone-> low calcium -> tetni

56
Q

If you get a covid shot and you have low antibodies, what is compromised?

A

Humoral immuntiy is compromised

57
Q

Acidity of the stomach is what kind of immunity

A

Innate immunity

58
Q

What happens in PPD testing for tuberculosis when t cells are compromised

A

When t cells are ccompromised there is a lower sensitivity (HIV)

59
Q

What is the connection between low parathyroid and torsades

A

Low parathyroid = low calcium = long QT interval on EKG= causes torsades

60
Q

What is torsades de pointe

A

Tachycardia, very fast heart

61
Q

If your t cells are comprimised what happens to opsinization

A

Stayys the same

62
Q

What are the feature of trichomoniasis

A

Strawberry cervix (hemmoraging on the cervix)

63
Q

how does HIV medication, stop HIV

A

It inhibits reverse transcriptase and keps HIV from converting RNA into DNA

64
Q

In allergies what is the chemical mediator

A

Histamine

65
Q

When we have histamine in our system what is responsible for low blood pressure?

A

Vasodilation lowers mean arteriole pressure lowering bp

66
Q

Why do OBGYNs get vaginall swab looking for group B strep (GBS)beffore a vaginal birth?

A

They want to make sure GBS is not transmitted to the babay

67
Q

Why do you want a CAT scan with IV contrast when looking for an infection in the belly

A

Blood vessels dilate due to swelling, making the area of infection easier to find because the area with vaodilation will glow more

68
Q

When a phogosome cannot fuse with its lysosome?

A

Chediak Higashi syndrome

69
Q

What is a granuloma

A

A bunch of macrophages surrounded by T cells

70
Q

If tuberculosis spreads to adrenal glands what happens to Na and k+

A

This is adrenal insuficiency
Low sodium
High potassium

71
Q

What organs can tuberculosis affect

A

Brain

Bones etc

72
Q

Milk article

The consumption of milk is linked to the risk of which cancers (choose one)

A

(Pg 649)

Prostate cancer

73
Q

What does the mechanism of gettin g cancer from drinking milk clossely resemble

A

Growth hormone adenoma

Bc it has to do with (IGF) Insulin growth factors

74
Q

Does drinking milk prevent the likelihood of bone fractures

A

No

75
Q

Rank the cause of mortality due to protein sorces

A 
(Pg 650)
Highest 
		processsed meats
		Eggs
		unprocessed meat
		fish
`		poultry
		plant based sources
Lowest
76
Q

Why is it not a good idea to give a vomiting patientwith potential DKA insulin

A

You migh tank their potassium

77
Q

New disease showing molecular mimicry

A

Rheumatic Fever

78
Q

2 important criteria for being diagnosed with a psychiatric condition

A

It cant be explained by another medical conditon

It interferes with daily life

79
Q

What is the diagnosis of someone with EpiGastric abdominal pain with elevated lipase levels

A

Elevatted lipase levels point to pancreatitits

80
Q 
What should this diagnosis be given these symptoms/labs:
Nausea/vomiting
Diabetic
Blood p: 100/70
RR: 22
EKG: tachycardia
Glucose: high
Tender upper gastric area
High lipase levels
High WBc
high Hb
A

DKA

Pancreatitis

81
Q

Wht is DKA

A

The body produces excess acetone in the blood due to the break down of fat using counter regulatory hormones (glucagon, epinephrine or cortisol) instead of sugar because there isnt enough insulin

82
Q

What are two of the counter regulatory hormones in DKA?

A

Glucagon
Cortisol
Epinephrine

83
Q 
A case Case of:
Headache 
Stiff neck 
Fever
Should point to what diagnosis initially
A

Meningitis

84
Q

How is meningitis diagnosed?

A

Lunbar puncture to get cerebral spine fluid

85
Q

What is sheehan syndrome

A

Postpartum hemorrhage causing hypo pituitaryism

86
Q

If somone has hypothyroidism what would you expect their radioactive Iodine test is going to be

A

A little lower bc thyroid is not functioning well

87
Q

Mechanism between postpartum hemmorrhage and hypothyroidism

A

Postpartum hemmorrhage => pituitary not getting profusion it needs => TSH goes down = T4 goes down = hypo

88
Q

What is toxic nodular goiter

A

Produces excess thyroid hormones

89
Q

Why do people with adisons disease have low blood pressure

A

Bc they have low sodium—- water likes to follow sodium—— fatigue

90
Q

What is hyperglycemia

A

Too much sugar in the bloodstream

91
Q

In hyperglycemia what happens to the fluid

A

Fluidis being drawn into the blodstream because of the sugar

92
Q

What type of people have problems with osteperosis

A

Chronic steroid use
Prolactinoma
Anorexia nervosa

93
Q

What does the percentage sensitivity explain

A

The porportion of samples that arre positive

94
Q

What disease of the aorta could potentially kill a patient

A

Ruptered abdominal aortic aneurism(AAA) or aortic dissection

95
Q

How to diagnose a disease of the aorta

A

CTA angiogram

96
Q

When someone has been bitten by a snake what should we be weary of

A

Compartment syndrome

97
Q

HUS

In Hemolytic uremic syndrome why is there low hemoglobin and platelets

A

Hemolysis casuses low Hb

Platelets are being consumed

98
Q

What should you think about right away for an unresponsive patient

A

ABC. (Airway, breathing, circulation)
Is there respiratory rate low ——-> give narcan
Are they hypoglycemic (low sugar) ———> give glucose

99
Q

If someone has lung disease and theyre unresponsive what should you check for

A

Aspiration pneumonia

Pathology Of Injury And Illness (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions