Final Review Flashcards
(93 cards)
How would you describe the Bohr Model of the atom?
electrons orbit the nucleus in shells (planetary model) + energy levels
How did the quantam mechanical model improve on the Bohr model?
It says that electrons do not orbit the nucleus, but in other regions of space. We only know the probability of finding electrons in these spaces
Describe the most current theory of the atom’s structure
large nucleus that contains neutrons & protons. Electrons exist around the nucleus in clouds
How are protons and electrons related in a neutral atom? How are they related in a charged atom?
Neutral - equal
Charged - one is more than the other
What conclusion about the atom was made from Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
atoms are mostly empty space with a dense, positive, small nucleus
Describe the change in movements when electrons become “excited”
They jump up energy levels farther from the nucleus & become very unstable. Energy is absorbed as electrons move to higher energy levels
What causes color bands to be emitted?
As electrons become relaxed, they fall back to ground state and release the energy they absorbed into light and heat
What is the total number of electrons in all s orbitals of a neutral atom of phosphorous
6
How many valence electrons are in 1s^2,2s^2,2p^6, 3s^2, 3p^6, 4s^2
2
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the 2nd energy level
8
What shape best represents the p orbital?
peanut / dumbbell
What is the electron config for an atom of germanium at ground state
check 19 in packet
what is the electron config for potassium atom at ground state
check 20 in packet
Draw an orbital diagram for the s-block elements in the third period
check 21 in packet
What type of nuclear decay is
4
He
2
Alpha
What type of nuclear decay is
0
e
-1
beta
which nuclear process decreases the atomic number by 1
beta
which nuclear process decreases the atomic mass by 4
alpha
The half-life of phosphorous is 14.3 days. How many mg of a 20 mg sample will remain after 85.8 days
.3125
When 42 / 19 K undergoes radioactive decay, the result is 2 products, one of which is calcium - 42. What is the other product?
0
e
-1
How are 2 atoms that are isotopes of the same element different from one another?
Different #s of neutrons and mass #s
How does Ga become a +3 ion
it loses 3 e-
Describe how 2 atoms in a covalent bond are both attracted to and repelled by one another
shared e- are attracted, the lone pair repels
What are the 2 different ions present in the compound Li3N?
Li+ , N3-
