final review

Question 1

density

Answer 1

mass / volume

Question 2

chemical property

Answer 2

ability of a substance to react or change into one or more other substances (flammability or reactivity)

Question 3

physical change

Answer 3

a change that does not alter the composition of a material, only the state or phase has changed (cut, tear, boil, freeze, grind)

Question 4

chemical change

Answer 4

a change that alters the identity of a material, new substances are formed (burn, rot, rust)

Question 5

identify chemical change

Answer 5

change in color, change in energy or temp, production of gas, or formation of a precipitate

Question 6

types of pure substances

Answer 6

elements and compoundsp

Question 7

types of mixtures

Answer 7

hetero and homogenous

Question 8

number of neutrons in an atom

Answer 8

mass num - protons

Question 9

number of protons in an atom

Answer 9

atomic number

Question 10

number of electrons in an atom

Answer 10

protons (atomic number) if neutral

Question 11

what is an isotope

Answer 11

atoms of the same element that have the same amt of protons but different amt of neutrons

Question 12

isotope notation

Answer 12

mass num / atomic num

Question 13

isotope name

Answer 13

element-mass num

Question 14

wavelength

Answer 14

λ - shortest distance between equivalent points on a wave (m, mm, nm)

Question 15

frequency

Answer 15

v - number of waves that pass a given point per second (herzt, 1/sec)

Question 16

where are metals located

Answer 16

left of the stairstep (minus hydrogen)

Question 17

where are metalloids located

Answer 17

on the stairstep (minus aluminium)

Question 18

where are nonmentals located

Answer 18

right of stairstep (plus hydrogen)

Question 19

group 1

Answer 19

alkalai metals

Question 20

group 2

Answer 20

alkaline earth metals

Question 21

group 17

Answer 21

halogens

Question 22

group 18

Answer 22

noble gases

Question 23

representative elements

Answer 23

s and p blcok

Question 24

transition metals

Answer 24

d block

Question 25

inner transition metals

Answer 25

f block

Question 26

diatomic elements

Answer 26

br, i, n, cl, h, o, f

Question 27

atomic size / radius

Answer 27

one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Question 28

atomic size trend

Answer 28

largest is bottom left (francium), smallest is top right

Question 29

ionization energy

Answer 29

energy to remove one electron

Question 30

ionization energy trend

Answer 30

most in top right, least in bottom left

Question 31

electronegativity

Answer 31

ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in the compound

Question 32

electronegativy trend

Answer 32

highest top right, lowest bottom left

Question 33

elements with a set charge

Answer 33

cadmium (ii), zinc (ii), and silver (i)

Question 34

ionic compound

Answer 34

trade electrons, metal and nonmetal, large electronegativy difference, acids

Question 35

covalent compound

Answer 35

share electrons, nonmetals, small electronegativy difference

Question 36

vsepr

Answer 36

valence shell electron pair repulsion, thoery about shape and repelling

Question 37

linear vs bent

Answer 37

if there are no lone pairs on the central atom, it is linear (np) if there are lone pairs, it is bent (polar)

Question 38

pyramiddle vs triagonal planar

Answer 38

pyramiddle has a lone pair (polar) triagonal planar has no lone pair (np)

Question 39

octet rule exceptions

Answer 39

H(2), Be(4), B(6), Al(6), S(10/12), P(10/12)

Question 40

electronegativy charge for types of bonds

Answer 40

ionic >1.7 polar covalent 0.4 - 1.7 nonpolar covalent <0.4

Question 41

ionic traits

Answer 41

high melting points, most dissolve in water, hard and brittle, conductors, crystalline at room temp

Question 42

covalent traits

Answer 42

lower melting points, most do not dissolve in water, soft and not brittle, not conductors, any state (rarely crystal)

Question 43

london dispersion forces

Answer 43

weakest of the forces, in all

Question 44

dipole dipole forces

Answer 44

in polar molecules

Question 45

hydrogen bonding forces

Answer 45

hydrogen atom that is bonded to o, f, or n

Question 46

empirical vs molecular formula

Answer 46

empirical is basic, molecular is multiple of empirical

Question 47

emperical formula

Answer 47

g / (g/mol) to get moles, then divide by smallest amt