unit 7

Question 1

kinetic molecular theory (kmt)

Answer 1

describes the behavior of matter in terms of particles in potion, it makes assumptions about the size, motion, and energy of gas particles

Question 2

kmt - particle size and attractive forces

Answer 2

small particles, little to no attraction

Question 3

kmt - particle motion

Answer 3

constant and random motion in a straight line

Question 4

kinetic energy of a particle

Answer 4

1/2 mv^2

Question 5

how does kmt explain gas expanding or contracting

Answer 5

when the volume of a container increases, particles fill that space

Question 6

diffusion

Answer 6

the movement of one material through another

Question 7

kmt diffusion

Answer 7

particles can easily flow because there is no attraction

Question 8

effusion

Answer 8

diffusion through a tiny opening

Question 9

what effuses faster

Answer 9

lighter gasses effuse faster

Question 10

grahams law of effusion

Answer 10

rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass

Question 11

pressure

Answer 11

when particles collide with the walls of their containers

Question 12

used to measure atmospheric pressure

Answer 12

barometer

Question 13

used to measure pressure of a gas

Answer 13

manometer

Question 14

ideal gas

Answer 14

a gas where its particles take up no space

Question 15

ideal gas properties

Answer 15

-no imf attraction forces
-not attracted to or repelled by the walls of the container
-constant random motion in straight lines
-perfectly elastic
-follows gas laws

Question 16

when do real gasses act most like ideal gasses

Answer 16

at high temps and low pressures

Question 17

what types of gas particles deviate most from ideal gas behavior

Answer 17

large gas particles

Question 18

intramolecular forces

Answer 18

forces inside a molecule

Question 19

intermolecular forces

Answer 19

forces between molecules

Question 20

solid to liquid

Answer 20

melting, energy and distance up, imfs down

Question 21

liquid to solid

Answer 21

freezing, energy and distance down, imfs up

Question 22

liquid to gas

Answer 22

boiling / vaporation, energy and distance up, imfs down

Question 23

gas to liquid

Answer 23

condensation, energy and distance down, imfs up

Question 24

solid to gas

Answer 24

sublimation, energy and distance up, imfs down

Question 25

gas to solid

Answer 25

deposition, energy and distance down, imfs up

Question 26

volatile liquids

Answer 26

evaporate easy, low imfs - gasoline, perfume - high pressure

Question 27

non volatile liquids

Answer 27

do not evaporate easy, high imfs - water - strong imfs have a lower equilibrium vapor pressure because when imfs are strong its difficult for molecules to enter a gas phase, so there are fewer molecules of gas and less pressure

Question 28

relationship of imfs and pressure

Answer 28

imfs are strong so it is difficult for it to enter gas phase and so there are fewer molecules of gas which is a lower pressure

Question 29

boiling point and pressure

Answer 29

lower the atmospheric pressure, lower the boiling point

Question 30

critical point

Answer 30

the temperature above which gas cannot be liquified no matter the pressure

Question 31

triple point

Answer 31

condition where all three phases can be present

Question 32

boyles law

Answer 32

p and v are inversely proportional

Question 33

charles law

Answer 33

v and t are directly proportional

Question 34

gay-lussacs law

Answer 34

p and t are directly proportional

Question 35

equilibrium

Answer 35

a dynamic condition in which opposing changes are occurring at the same rate in a closed system

Question 36

equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid

Answer 36

the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temperature,,, pressure of a gas above its liquid

Question 37

increase in temperature ___ equilibrium pressure,, why?

Answer 37

increases, because increasing temp increases KE and so more molecules change from liquid to gas, so there are more molecules which means more pressure

Question 38

boiling or evaporation

Answer 38

boiling happens within the liquid while evaporation is just at the surface

Question 39

boiling point

Answer 39

the temperature where the equilibrium vapor pressure equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure

Question 40

what happens to temp when a liquid boils

Answer 40

it stays constant

Question 41

volatile is __ vapor pressure

Answer 41

high vapor pressure == volatile

Question 42

why does increasing atmospheric pressure increase boiling point

Answer 42

more energy is required to boil

Question 43

how can gas pressure be increased

Answer 43

decrease volume, increase temperature, increase amt of gas