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Final Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetaminophen use

A

Pain, fever

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2
Q

Acetaminophen pre admin assessment

A

Pain, LFTs, vs

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3
Q

Acetaminophen max dosage

A

4g/day
Older adults 3g/day

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4
Q

Acetaminophen antidote

A

Acetylcysteine

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5
Q

Acetaminophen monitoring

A

Monitor for:
-n/v
-constipation
-rash
-s/s of liver toxicity (jaundice, itching, pain in R upper abdomen, fatigue, n/v, rash, fever, weight loss, dark/tea colored urine

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6
Q

Acetaminophen teaching

A

Avoid alcohol

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7
Q

Acetaminophen contraindications

A

Liver disease, caution if renal disease

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8
Q

List common NSAIDs (4)

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Aspirin
Celecoxib

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9
Q

NSAID use

A

Pain, fever, inflammation

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10
Q

NSAID assessment

A

Pain
renal Fx
LFTs
vs
bleeding

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11
Q

NSAID admin with food?

A

Can administer with food

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12
Q

NSAID side effects

A

GI upset, constipation, headache, edema, GI BLEED

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13
Q

NSAID cautions

A

Heart failure, renal disease, older adults, liver disease

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14
Q

NSAID contraindications

A

Pregnancy weeks 20 to 30

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15
Q

Opioids list (8)

A

Morphine sulfate
Hydrocodone
Hydrocodone w/apap
Oxycodone
Oxycodone w/apap
Hydromorphone
Codeine
Fentanyl

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16
Q

Methimazole teaching

A

Improvement will take several weeks

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17
Q

Why lactulose for pt w/ cirrhosis of liver?

A

Lowers elevated ammonia levels

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18
Q

Teaching re: antacids

A

Antacids interfere with the absorption of other meds including barbiturates, anticholinergics, some antibiotics, and cardiac meds

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19
Q

H. Pylori medications

A

Amoxicillin
Tetracycline
Pantoprazole
Metronidazole
Bismuth subsalicylate

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20
Q

Med to produce a bowel movement within 1 hour

A

Bisacodyl suppository

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21
Q

Allopurinal MOA

A

Decreases uric acid production

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22
Q

Furosemide priority side effect to monitor for

A

Hypokalemia

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23
Q

Pre-administration assessment for IV vancomycin (5)

A

Creatinine for renal
BUN for renal
Trough to make sure kidneys are clearing med
Hearing to check for ototoxicity
Check iv site for phlebitis

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24
Q

Tetracycline admin consideration

A

Give at least an hour before ingestion of milk products

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25
Clopidigrel adverse effect
Epistaxis
26
Priority check before admin of furosemide
Review potassium levels
27
Teach Patients taking digoxin
Take radial pulse daily and write it down Call HCP if pulse irregular or less than 60 Call HCP if vision changes occur
28
Patient on digoxin reports vision changes
Must be seen by HCP. may need to d/c digoxin
29
Sumatriptan contraindication
Coronary artery disease because promotes coronary artery vasoconstriction
30
Purpose of metoclopramide give before chemotherapy
To stimulate peristalsis of upper GI tract
31
First line Parkinson disease med
Carbidopa-levodopa
32
Most common side effect of azithromycin
Diarrhea
33
Lab to assess effect of epoetin
Hemoglobin
34
Medication interaction between warfarin and phenytoin
Warfarin inhibits the metabolism of phenytoin
35
Priority side effect of iv phenytoin to monitor for
Cardiac dysrythmia
36
Avoid this if taking acetaminophen routinely
Alcohol
37
Teaching about acetaminophen
Be careful about OTC cold meds
38
Sucralfate teaching
Take on an empty stomach 1 hour before meals
39
Sucralfate indication
Duodenal ulcers not caused by h.pylori
40
Sucralfate moa
Formal protective coating
41
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) administration
Monthly injection
42
Life threatening complication of high dose or long- term ibuprofen
GI bleeding
43
Zolpidem indication
Sleep aid
44
Enoxaparin admin site
Abdomen
45
MOA for famotidine
Inhibit gastric acid secretion
46
Warfarin antidote
Vitamin K
47
Teratogenic effect of nitrofurantoin
Cleft palate
48
Fastest acting insulins (2)
Lispro Aspart
49
Client taking omeprazole has significant diarrhea
Get stool sample to check for c.diff
50
Most significant teaching re: antibiotics
Do not skip any prescribed doses
51
Elevated concern for elderly taking antibiotics
Toxicity
52
Prophylactic antibiotics given before dental work in patients w/ hx of heart surgery to prevent ________?
Endocarditis
53
Ginkgo biloba purpose
Age related memory impairment
54
First line treatment for c. diff
Metronidazole
55
Fluticasone nasal spray teaching
Use on a regular basis, not PRN Clear nasal passages before using med D/c if nasal infection develops
56
Clonidine side effect
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
57
Ophthalmic solution that is contraindicated for patients with glaucoma
Atropine because it dilates the pupil, increasing IOP
58
Teaching for pediatric prednisone
Should be stopped gradually
59
How fast do nitroglycerin sublingual tablets work
1 to 3 minutes
60
First action if patient reports sudden onset of chest pain that feels like a pressure or weight
Check BP AND HR
61
Anti diarrheal med
Loperamide (inhibits peristalsis)
62
Purpose of heparin in patient who develops thrombophlebitis in calf
Prevent extension in clot
63
Client teaching for etanercept IV
Report site reaction
64
Monitor for after naloxone administration
Symptoms of the heroin overdose may return after the naloxone is metabolized
65
Teaching for trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole given for cystitis
Drink 8 - 10 glasses of water daily
66
Long term aspirin teaching
Take aspirin with food Report ringing in ears Monitor and report excessive bleeding and bruising Avoid OTC pain meds that contain aspirin
67
Indication of sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Decrease serum potassium
68
Antihypertensive class that can cause cough
ACE inhibitors (angiotensin- converting enzymes)
69
ACE inhibitors that are appropriate for client w/ liver dysfunction
Captopril Lisinopril
70
Metoprolol for hypertension adverse effect to monitor for
Bradycardia
71
Patients taking spironolactone should avoid eating what large amounts of
Food high in potassium like potatoes, cantaloupe, bananas, avocado, oranges, apricots, dates, and raisins This is to avoid hyperkalemia because spironolactone is a calcium-sparing diuretic
72
Teaching for patient taking finasteride
Wear a condom if having intercourse with a pregnant woman
73
Older patient with osteomyelitis prescribed gentamicin. What should be checked before administering? (4)
BUN Creatinine Electrolytes Urinalysis
74
Adverse effects of Albuterol prescribed for severe asthma
Tremors Palpitations
75
Patient with sudden onset of severe Dypsnea, coughing, wheezes, what medication treatment is priority?
Albuterol with nebulizer
76
Monitor for patients prescribed losartan
Blood pressure
77
Safe analgesic the week before surgery planned
Acetaminophen
78
Causes Reye’s syndrome in children
Aspirin
79
Calcitonin action is opposite what?
Opposite parathyroid hormone
80
Monitor for patient taking raloxifene
Liver Fx
81
Complication if sildenafil taken while taking isosorbide dinitrate
Severe hypotension
82
Amlodipine side effect patients should report
Difficulty breathing
83
MOA for propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism
Interferes with synthesis of thyroid hormone
84
Treatment for myxedema coma
IV levothyroxine IV normal saline
85
Why patient with renal failure take vitamin D and calcium supplements
A decrease in active metabolite of vitamin D in the body
86
GERD med treatment that is teratogenic
Misoprostol
87
If patient taking vancomycin monitor for?
Elevated BUN, because vancomycin is nephrotoxic
88
Side effects of carbidopa-levodopa to monitor for
Vomiting Involuntary movements Changes in mood
89
Contraindicated when taking warfarin
Acetylsalicylic acid can cause decreased platelet aggregation, and thus more bleeding
90
Drink with ferrous sulfate
Orange juice because the ascorbic acid in it enhances iron absorption
91
MOA when lorazepam given for status epilepticus
Depresses CNS
92
Immediate action required in patient on morphine if observed
Unconscious Bradycardia Bradypnea
93
Highest risk time period for hypoglycemia when patient taking insulin
When insulin at peak
94
Teaching for sulfonamide
Stop when symptoms subside
95
Opioid assessment
VS LOC Pain Sedation Bowel status
96
Opioid administration
Start at low dosage Document (controlled substance) Administer with stool softener Have naloxone available (antidote)
97
Opioid contraindications /cautions
-Contraindicated if Bowel obstruction -Caution if renal/liver impairment or impaired LOC
98
Opioid side effects
Nausea Constipation Respiratory depression Urinary retention
99
Bronchodilators: Example of short-acting
Albuterol (a Beta2 adrenergic)
100
Bronchodilators: Examples (3) of long-acting
Salmeterol (a Beta2 adrenergic) Tiotropium ( an anticholinergic) Ipratropium ( an anticholinergic)
101
Bronchodilator indication
Asthma COPD
102
Bronchodilator administration
Use spacer with Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)
103
Bronchodilator SE
Tachycardia Nervousness Palpitations
104
Bronchodilator teaching
Avoid caffeine Report sputum changes
105
Inhaled corticosteroids examples (4)
Fluticasone nasal Beclomethasone inhaler Prednisone oral Methylprednisolone IV All end in -sone
106
Inhaled Corticosteroids indication
Asthma COPD Not a rescue med;
107
Inhaled corticosteroids administration
-Take oral dose in AM to prevent insomnia -teach to rinse mouth after inhaler use -check mouth for sx of thrush
108
Corticosteroid side effects
Thrush Throat irritation Osteoporosis Infection HYPERGLYCEMIA
109
Diuretics types (3) and examples
Loop: furosemide Thiazide: hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) Aldosterone Antagonists: spironolactone (potassium sparing)
110
Diuretic indications
Hypertension Heart failure
111
Diuretics side effects
Low BP Electrolyte imbalances
112
Diuretics assessment and administration
Check BP/labs Monitor for K levels, urine output Monitor for edema Patient must change positions slowly Give dose early in day for safety
113
Special considerations for spironolactone
NIOSH safe handling Gynecomastia Watch for Increased K, watch K in diet Take with food
114
Special consideration for HCTZ
Photosensitivity
115
Antihypertensives types and examples
ACE inhibitors: lisinopril (-pril) ARBs: Losartan potassium (-sartan) Calcium Channel Blockers: diltiazem, amlodopine, nifedipine
116
Antihypertensive indications
Hypertension Heart Failure Do not give ACE inhibitors and ARBs at the same time
117
ACE inhibitor and ARBs assessment and teaching
Monitor BP Monitor electrolytes Teach slow position changes Assess for orthostatic hypotension
118
ACE inhibitors assessment
Cough Hyperkalemia Angioedema Renal failure Do not use in pregnancy
119
ARBs advantage compared to ACE inhibitors
Less coughing than ACE inhibitors
120
Antihypertensives Calcium channel blockers indication
HTN Angina
121
Calcium channel blockers (antihypertensive) Assessment
BP, labs
122
Antihypertensives Calcium channel blockers (Diltiazem, amlodipine, nifedipine) Cautions/contraindications
Caution: elderly, liver failure Contraindicated: heart block
123
Antihypertensives Calcium channel blockers (Diltiazem, amlodpine, nifedipine) Side effects
Flushing Dizziness Headache Edema Nausea Constipation Arrhythmia
124
Antihypertensives Calcium channel blockers Teaching
Avoid grapefruit juice
125
Antihypertensives Beta blockers Example
Metoprolol (-olol)
126
Metoprolol (beta blocker) Indications
HTN HF Angina
127
Metoprolol (beta blocker) Assessment
Check: -BP -HR (hold if <60) -labs
128
Metoprolol (beta blocker) Teaching
Slow position changes May mask hypoglycemia
129
Metoprolol (beta blocker) Side effects
Bradycardia Hypotension Dizziness Fatigue SEVERE: HF, HYPOGLYCEMIA
130
Metoprolol (beta blocker) Cautions/ contraindications
Caution: DM, liver disease Contraindications: heart block
131
Antihypertensives Alpha blockers Examples
Doxazosin Tamsulosin
132
Antihypertensives Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin) Indications
HTN BPH
133
Antihypertensives Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin) Assessment and administration
Monitor BP First dose effect: teach to not drive when first taking Take at bedtime
134
Antihypertensives Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin) Side effects
Reflex tachycardia Ejaculatory problems Dizziness Headache Rhinitis
135
Antihypertensives Alpha blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin) Warning on interaction
Significant hypotension if taken with sildenafil or hypotensive meds
136
Antihypertensives Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator Examples
Nitrates: Nitroglycerin (NTG) Isosorbide mononitrate Vasodilator: Hydralazine
137
Antihypertensives Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator Indications
Treat HTN Relieve CP
138
Antihypertensives Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator Assessment and administration
-Assess BP before giving -NTG: give one dose, assess for pain and BP, repeat if necessary up to 3 doses
139
Antihypertensives Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator Side effects
Headaches Dizziness Hypotension SE hydralazine only: reflex tachycardia
140
Antihypertensives Nitrates (antianginal), vasodilator Teaching and interaction
Teach: keep NTG in original container, nearby Interactions: do not take with ED meds
141
Anti arrhythmic Cardiac glycosides Example
Digoxin
142
Anti arrhythmic Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) Indication
HF afib Rate control
143
Anti arrhythmic Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin) Assessment
Labs Renal Fx BP apical HR (one full minute, hold if <60) Monitor serum level (narrow tx margin)
144
Anti arrhythmic Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) Other considerations
Avoid K wasting diuretics Hypokalemia increases risk for toxicity
145
Anti arrhythmic Cardiac glycosides (digoxin) Sx of toxicity
Weakness Confusion N/v Bradycardia Blurred vision Visual disturbances Abdominal pain
146
Antilipidemics Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors Examples
Statins: atorvastatin Cholesterol absorption inhibitor: ezetimibe
147
Antilipidemics Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors Indication
Hyperlipidemia
148
Antilipidemics Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors (Atorvastatin, ezetimibe) Assessment
LFTs Lipids Muscle pain Weakness
149
Antilipidemics Statins/Cholesterol Absorption inhibitors (Atorvastatin, ezetimibe) Administration / teaching
Give in the evening regardless of food Teach to avoid alcohol Ezetimibe: caution w/ liver failure
150
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists Example
Warfarin
151
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists (warfarin) Indications
Prevention of blood clots Treat PE VTE
152
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists (warfarin) Assessment
S/s bleeding Monitor INR
153
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists (warfarin) Antidote
Vitamin K
154
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists (warfarin) Teaching
Report sx of bleeding Use electric razor Avoid foods with excessive vitamin K Report all med changes
155
Anticoagulants Vitamin K agonists (warfarin) Caution
Renal impairment Elderly
156
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitors Examples (2)
Heparin Dabigatran
157
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran) Indications
Treat DVT/PE Bridge to warfarin
158
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran) Antidote
Protamine
159
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran) Administration
Rotate subcutaneous injection sites
160
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran) Side effects
Bleeding Thrombocytopenia (low platelets)
161
Anticoagulants Thrombin inhibitor (heparin, dabigatran) Caution
Liver disease
162
Anticoagulants Factor Xa inhibitors Examples (3)
Enoxaparin sodium Apixaban Rivaroxaban
163
Anticoagulants Factor Xa inhibitors Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban Indications
Prevent thrombus formation Treat DVT / PE
164
Anticoagulants Factor Xa inhibitors (Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban) Assessment / Administration
Assess for bleeding Do not stop abruptly
165
Anticoagulants Factor Xa inhibitors (Enoxaparin, apixaban, rivaroxaban) Cautions
Liver failure Renal disease
166
Anticoagulants Factor Xa inhibitors Special consideration for Enoxaparin admin
Rotate injection sites Do not remove air bubbles in prefilled syringes
167
Antiplatelets Adenosine phosphate receptor binder Example
Clopidogrel bisulfate
168
Antiplatelets Adenosine phosphate receptor binder (Clopidogrel bisulfate) Indication
Prevent thrombus
169
Antiplatelets Adenosine phosphate receptor binder (Clopidogrel bisulfate) Assessment
Bleeding
170
Antiplatelets Adenosine phosphate receptor binder (Clopidogrel bisulfate) Teaching
-Do not take with NSAIDs or aspirin (increases bleeding risk) -stop taking before surgery
171
Antiplatelets Adenosine phosphate receptor binder (Clopidogrel bisulfate) Side effects
Rash Bleeding Diarrhea Agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count)
172
Urinary meds 5-alpha reductase inhibitors Example
Finasteride
173
Urinary meds 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) Indications
BPH Male pattern baldness
174
Urinary meds 5-alpha reductase inhibitor (Finasteride) Side effects
Decreases ejaculate Increases prostate cancer risk Causes gynecomastia Teratogenic
175
Urinary meds Anticholinergic Example
Oxybutynin
176
Urinary meds Anticholinergic (Oxybutynin) Administration / teaching
-Anticholinergic effects, so encourage fluids -encourage fiber to counter constipation -monitor pulse for safety -photosensitivity, so teach eye safety outdoors
177
Urinary meds Urinary analgesic Example
Phenazopyridine
178
Urinary meds Urinary analgesic (Phenazopyridine) Assessment and side effects
Assess before: cause of sx Side effects: discolors urine, clothing, and contact lenses Assess while using: renal/hepatic status
179
Sleep meds Hypnotic Example
Zolpidem
180
Sleep meds Hypnotic (Zolpidem) Indication
Promote sleep
181
Sleep meds Hypnotic (Zolpidem) Side effects
Daytime drowsiness Sleepiness Altered behavior
182
Sleep meds Hypnotic (Zolpidem) Cautions
Careful of: -interaction with other meds -administration timing -safety
183
Sleep meds Hormone Example
Melatonin
184
Sleep meds Hormone (Melatonin) Caution
Caution with: -interaction with other meds -administration timing -safety
185
Sleep meds Hormone (Melatonin) Side effects
Irritability Daytime sleepiness
186
Antibiotics Penicillins Example
Amoxicillin
187
Antibiotics Indication
Bacterial infection
188
Antibiotics Administration
-culture and sensitivity first -check for allergies -check for cross-sensitivity -monitor for cdiff -monitor for super infection
189
Antibiotics Side effects
-N/V/D (can take cephalosporins w/food to prevent) -Photosensitivity -Watch for renal impairment -May need backup contraceptive
190
Antibiotics Cephalosporins Example
Cephalexin
191
Antibiotics Sulfonamides Example
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
192
Antibiotics Tetracyclines (Tetracycline) Side effect / administration
Stains teeth Administer through a straw Hepatotoxic (check LFTs)
193
Antibiotics that are cross sensitive
Penicillins and cephalosporins
194
Antibiotics Sulfonamides (Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole) Monitor for after administering
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome GI effects Rash Kernicterus (high bilirubin causing brain damage)
195
Antibiotics Aminoglycosides Example
Gentamicin
196
Antibiotics Macrolides Example
Azithromycin
197
Antibiotics Fluoroquinolones Example
Ciprofloxacin
198
Antibiotics Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin) Side effects and monitoring
-SE: ototoxic (begins with headache and tinnitus) -monitor peak and trough
199
Antibiotics Macrolides (Azithromycin) Side effects
Abdominal pain QT prolonged
200
Antibiotics Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin) Side effects / contraindications
Side effects: -Phototoxic -Confusion -candida -tendon rupture Contraindicated if myasthenia gravis
201
Antibiotics Carbapenem Example
Imipenem
202
Antibiotics Glycopeptide Example
Vancomycin
203
Antibiotics Urinary tract antiseptics Example
Nitrofurantoin
204
Antibiotics Nitroimidazoles Example
Metronidazole
205
Antibiotics Glycopeptides (Vancomycin) Side effects
SE: -vesicant -ototoxic -renal toxic -Red Man Syndrome
206
Antibiotics Glycopeptides (Vancomycin) Administration
-give slowly through central access to prevent Red Man Syndrome -monitor peak and trough -given orally for cdiff
207
Antibiotics Carbpenems (Imipenem) Cautions
Older adults Renal failure
208
Antibiotics Urinary tract antiseptics (Nitrofurantoin) Side effects
Hepatotoxic Teratogenic
209
Antibiotics Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole) Indication
H pylori C diff
210
Antibiotics Nitroimidazoles (Metronidazole) Side effect
Neurotoxic
211
Antifungals Polyene antibiotic Example
Nystatin
212
Antifungals Polyene antibiotic (Nystatin) Admin and side effects
Admin: oral or topical SE: -local irritation -GI distress
213
Antifungal Azole Example
Diflucan
214
Antifungal Azole (Diflucan) Side effects
GI upset Abdominal pain SJS Headache
215
Antiviral Purine analog Example
Acyclovir
216
Antivirals Purine analog (Acyclovir) Side effects, admin
SE: GI distress, vertigo, headache, neurotoxic, renal impairment Admin: topical form may sting
217
PUD Histamine agonist Example
Famotidine
218
PUD Proton pump inhibitor Example
Omeprazole
219
PUD Mucosal barrier fortifier Example
Sucralfate
220
PUD Prostaglandin E Analog Example
Misoprostol
221
PUD histamine antagonist (Famotidine) Admin and monitoring
Give 30 min before meal Caution with elderly Monitor for GI effects
222
PUD Proton Pump Inhibitors (Omeprazole) Admin
-Monitor for magnesium and B12 (especially in longer treatment course) -Give 30 min before meals
223
PUD Mucosal barrier fortifier (Sucralfate) Admin
Space out from antacid administration
224
PUD Prostaglandin E analog (Misoprostol) Side effects
Teratogenic Diarrhea
225
PUD Antacids Examples (2)
Aluminum hydroxide Calcium carbonate
226
PUD Antacids (Aluminum hydroxide) Side effect
Interaction with other meds Constipation
227
PUD Antacids Magnesium antacids Side effects
Interaction with other meds Diarrhea
228
PUD salicylate (Bismuth)
Can color tongue and stool black Long term use has risk for neurological effects
229
Antiemetics Serotonin antagonist Example
Ondansetron
230
Antiemetics Antiemetic Examples (2, not ondansetron)
Prochlorperazine Meclizine hydrochloride
231
Antiemetic common side effects
Headache Constipation Diarrhea Fatigue
232
Antiemetic Serotonin antagonist (Ondansetron) Additional side effect
QT interval prolongation
233
Antiemetic (Prochlorperazine) Caution
Elderly Blurred vision Tardive dyskinesia
234
phenytoin therapeutic range
10 - 20
235
digoxin therapeutic range
0.8 - 2.0 ng/mL Toxicity is > 2.4
236
Theophylline therapeutic range
treatment of asthma 5 - 15 treatment of acute bronchospasm 10 - 15
237
Laxatives Bulk forming
Psyllium
238
Laxatives Stimulant Examples (2)
Bisacodyl Sennakot
239
Laxatives Osmotic Examples (4)
Lactulose Polyethylene glycol milk of magnesia magnesia citrate
240
Laxatives Stool Softener example
docusate sodium
241
Laxatives Caution & Contraindication
-Caution: extended use can cause Fluid & Electrolyte imbalances -Contraindication: obstruction
242
Stimulant laxative caution
can cause low potassium and potential for abuse
243
Laxatives patient teaching
Safety measures encourage fluids when to expect BM slow position changes
244
Laxatives psyllium and polyethylene glycol administration
must be administered with water or juice (make sure patient can swallow)
245
laxatives stool softener timing of effects
1-3 days to promote soft stool
246
laxatives bisacodyl suppository side effect
may cause local irritation
247
laxatives general side effects
cramping bloating GI discomfort
248
Antidiarrheals examples (2)
loperamide diphenoxylate/atropine
249
antidiarrheals (loperamide, diphenoxylate/atropine) contraindication
do not give if cdiff
250
antidiarrheals (diphenoxylate/atropine)
monitor for abuse potential
251
hypothyroid meds example
levothyroxine
252
hypothyroid meds (levothyroxine) administration
admin 30-60 minutes before meal
253
hypothyroid meds (levothyroxine) administration
-admin 30-60 min before meals -monitor levels for s/s of hypo or hyper thyroid
254
hypothyroid meds (levothyroxine) adverse effects / interactions
-adverse effect: hyperthyroid (dose too high) -interaction: intensifies warfarin's effects
255
hypothyroid drugs (levothyroxine) brand consideration
changes between brand/generic name dosing can change serum levels
256
hyperthyroid meds examples(2)
Methimazole propylthiouracil
257
Hyperthyroid drugs (methimazole, Propylthiouracil) administration
-monitor serum levels -effects take a long time -teach pt. to report side effects -methimazole: NIOSH safe handling
258
hyperthyroid meds (methimazole, propylthiouracil) adverse effects
-Agranulocytosis (fever, sore throat) WBC, may not appear until after other sx -teratogenic, esp. methimazole -propylthiouracil: severe liver damage
258
Insulin types (4)
Rapid acting insulins slower acting insulins intermediate acting insulins Long acting insulins
259
Rapid acing insulins example (2)
lispro aspart
260
slower acting insulin example
regular insulin
261
intermediate acting insulin example
NPH
262
Long acting insulin examplea (2)
glargine detemir
263
insulin indication
T1 and T2 DM
264
insulin rapid acting (lispro, aspart) administration
-give immediately before meals -duration is 3-5 hrs
265
insulin slower acting insulin (regular insulin) administration
-give 30 min. before meal -duration up to 10 hrs
266
insulin intermediate acting (NPH) administration
-give same time each day -cloudy -roll gently between palms before giving -if mixing NPH w/rapid or slower acting, draw up NPH last
267
insulin long acting insulin (glargine, detemir) administration
-give same time each day -do not mix with other insulins -no peak -prolonged duration -cannot give IV
268
insulin admin/teaching
-teach to rotate sights -call MD if sick, check BG and still administer dose -have glucagon on hand if severely hypoglycemic
269
antiglycemics 2nd generation sulfonylurea example
glipizide
270
antiglycemics biguanide example
metformin
271
antiglycemics meglitinide example
repaglinide
272
antiglycemics thiazolidinedione example
pioglitazone
273
antiglycemics (glipizide, metformin, repaglinide, pioglitazone, acarbose, sitagliptin, dulaglutide, empagliflozin) indication
T2 DM
274
antiglycemics (glipizide, metformin, repaglinide, pioglitazone, acarbose, sitagliptin, dulaglutide, empagliflozin) monitoring
watch for s/s hypoglycemia
275
antiglycemics (glipizide) side effects
hypoglycemia, weight gain
276
antiglycemics (glipizide) interactions
Alchohol NSAIDs beta blockers
277
antiglycemics (metformin) administration
-less likely to cause hypoglycemia -admin with food -hold if contrast media
278
antiglycemics (metformin) side effects, interactions
-GI distress -lactic acidosis -avoid alcohol
279
antiglycemics (repaglinide) administration
give before meal
280
antiglycemics (pioglitazone) side effects, teaching, contraindication
SE: Heart Failure Teach: sx of HF and to report Contraindication: HF
281
antiglycemics alpha-glucosidase inhibitors example
acarbose
282
antiglycemics gliptins example
sitagliptin
283
antiglycemics incretin mimetic example
dulaglutide
284
antiglycemics sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor example
empagliflozin
285
antiglycemics alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) administration
give with first bite of meal
286
antiglycemics alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose) side effects
cramping GI distention liver dysfunction
287
antiglycemics gliptin (sitagliptin) side effects
can cause pancreatitis abdominal s/s UTIs hypersensitivity
288
antiglycemics incretin mimetic (dulagliptin) administration
given weekly as a pen injection
289
antiglycemics incretin mimetic (dulagliptide) side effects
n/v/d site reactions
290
antiglycemics sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor (empagliflozin) side effects
fungal infections UTIs renal dysfunction DKA postural hypotension in elderly
291
Dementia Cholinesterase inhibitors examples (2)
Donepezil rivastigmine
292
Dementia N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist example
memantine
293
dementia administration (donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine) administration
-monitor for safety -encourage to take at bedtime -for ODT give w/glass of water -rivastigmine: patch rotate site and watch for irritation
294
dementia (donepezil, rivastigmine, memantine) side effects
GI bradycardia dizziness fainting falls rivastigmine: weight loss memantine: constipation
295
Parkinson disease dopamine agonist example
levodopa/carbidopa
296
Parkinson disease monoamine oxidse-B inhibitors example
selegiline
297
Parkinson disease central muscarinic antagonist example
benzotropine
298
Parkinson disease dopamine agonist (levodopa/carbidopa) administration/side effects
-give on time -protein disrupts absorption, so space out when eating protein -if GI upset, give with food -may darken urine, sweat
299
Parkinson Disease Monoamine oxidase-b inhibitor (selegiline) side effects/interactions
-orthostatic hypotension -dizziness -hypertensive crisis with tyramine foods
300
Parkinson Disease Central muscarinic antagonist (benzotropine) side effects
anticholinergic effects
301
Antiseizure Traditional meds examples (3)
Phenytoin valproic acid phenobarbital (barbituate)
302
Antiseizure New med example
levetiracetam
303
antiseizure (phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam) assessment
serum levels
304
antiseizure (phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam) teaching
-do not stop abruptly -taper up/down -keep seizure diary -do not drive -seizure precautions when dose change
305
antiseizure (phenytoin, valproic acid, phenobarbital, levetiracetam) side effects
drowsiness sedation teratogenic liver damage
306
antiseizure (phenytoin) side effect and teaching
gum hyperplasia teach oral care monitor for rash monitor for purple glove syndrome
307
Neuro Benzodiazepines examples (2)
lorazepam diazepam
308
Benzodiazepines (lorazepam, diazepam) indication
anxiety seizures
309
benzodiazapines (lorazepam, diazepam) assessment
-LOC -VS -respiratory status
310
benzodiazepines (loazepam, diazepam) monitoring
-seizure activity, precautions when dose change
311
benzodiazepines (loazepam, diazepam) administration
give lowest safe dose
312
benzodiazepines (loazepam, diazepam) side effects
-dizziness -drowsiness -lethargy
313
benzodiazepines (loazepam, diazepam) cautions, contraindications
-Caution: older adults -Contraindication: do not use with other CNS depressants (including alcohol)
314
Antimigraine abortive example
sumatriptan
315
antimigraine preventative example
topiramate
316
antimigraine abortive (sumatriptan) side effects/ contraindication
se: -teratogenic -fatigue -tingling -chest tightness/pressure contraindicated: cardiac disease or MI
317
antimigraine preventative (topiramate) side effects/cautions
- B12 deficiency -weight loss -renal stones (caution if renal disease) -tingling/paresthesia
318
antimigraine preventative (topiramate) teaching
-encourage water intake -taper dose up or down
319
Anti-inflammatory antigout examples (2)
colchicine allopurinol
320
anti-inflammatory anti-gout (colchicine) indication
acute gout attacks
321
anti-inflammatory anti-gout (allopurinol) indication
maintenance; prevents uric acid formation
322
Anti-inflammatory antigout (colchicine, allopurinol) adminstration
-monitor uric acid levels -food may decrease GI effects
323
anti-inflammatory anti-gout (colchicine, allopurinol) side effects /interactions (Both 2, colchicine 2 more)
Both: GI, rash Colchicine: -renal/hepatic effects; -avoid grapefruit juice
324
Antirheumatic nonbiologic example
methotrexate
325
antirheumatic biologic example
etanercept
326
antirheumatic (methotrexate and etanercept) side effects
teratogenic immunosuppressant
327
antirheumatic premed assessment (methotrexate, etanercept)
baseline chest X-ray baseline labs vaccines TB test
328
antirheumatic (methotrexate, etanercept) monitoring
Monitor: -CBC -LFTs -PLTs -look for opportunistic infections -liver injuries -myelosuppression
329
antirheumatic (methotrexate, etanercept) teaching
avoid alcohol avoid crowds
330
antirheumatic biologic (etanercept) side effects
rhinitis headache abdominal pain site irritation (sc injection)
331
antirheumatic non-biologic (methotrexate) instructions
give with folate to reduce GI irritation
332
Eye Prostaglandin type example
latanoprost
333
eye alpha-adrenergic agonist example
brimonidine
334
eye beta-adrenergic agonist example
timolol
335
eye carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (-amide) example
dorzolamide
336
eye corticosteroid example
prednisolone
337
eye anticholinergic example
atropine opthalmic solution
338
eye meds except atropine indication
glaucoma (decrease IOP)
339
eye meds admin
-treatment is chronic -teach hand hygiene -eye drop technique -space out admin time between drops
340
eye beta-adrenergic antagonist (timolol) SE
heart block bradycardia bronchospasm
341
eye alpha-adrenergic agonist (brimonidine) SE
headache dry mouth dry nose altered taste lid reactions pruritis may stain contact lenses
342
eye prostaglandin type (latanoprost) SE
brown pigmentation of iris/eyelid teratogenic
343
eye carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (-amide) (dorzolamide) SE
Miosis blurred vision photophobia teratogenic
344
eye carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (-amide) (dorzolamide) admin with caution if
renal failure
345
eye corticosteroid (prednisolone) side effects
-eye infection more likely -increased IOP
346
eye anticholinergic (atropine ophthalmic solution) indication / SE
anticholinergic use for mydriasis and cyclopegia
347
ALT range liver fx
4-36
348
AST Range liver fx or muscle damage
0-35
349
ALP range liver fx
30-120
350
albumin range liver fx
3.5-5
351
bilirubin range liver fx
0.3-1.0
352
PT range clotting and liver fx
60-70 seconds
353
LFTs
ALT AST ALP albumin bilirubin PTT

Pharm (6 decks)

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