Final Review

Question 1

Renewable means

Answer 1

Renewable Energy Source: can be
replenished naturally, at, or near the
rate of consumption, and reused

Question 2

Nonrenewable means

Answer 2

Non-Renewable Energy Source: exist in
a fixed amount and involve energy
transformation that cannot be easily
replaced

Question 3

Examples of Renewable/NonRenewable

Answer 3

Renewable: Wind, Biomass, Solar, Hydro, Geothermal

Nonrenewable: Nuclear, Coal, Natural Gas and Oil

Question 4

____ percent of the world uses ____ percent of the energy. What is the breakdown?

Answer 4

20% of the world’s
population uses 80% of the
energy
* China 23%
* US 17%

Question 5

Major source of energy in DEVELOPING countries

Answer 5

Biomass

Question 6

Major Source of energy in DEVELOPED countries

Answer 6

fossil fuels

Question 7

Most commercialized energy source in world

Answer 7

Petroleum/Oil

Question 8

Passive Solar

Answer 8

• concentrating sunlight, like in the little ovens

Question 9

Active Solar

Answer 9

Mechanical and electrical systems to concentrate solor energy to:
heat water –> steam –> turn turbines —> electricity

Question 10

Solar cells

Answer 10

• known as photovoltaic cells
• sunlight directly into electricity
• Sunlight activates and releases electros from thin layers of semiconducting material.

Question 11

Wind Energy uses

Answer 11

the kinetic energy from wind to spin a turbine generating electricity

Question 12

What is the fastest growing energy source in the world? For electricity?

Answer 12

Wind

Question 13

What is the number 1 energy source in the US?

Answer 13

Wind

Question 14

Windmills are best in

Answer 14

• coastal regions
• flat planes (grasslands + polar)

Question 15

What are all the atmospheric layers in order?

Answer 15

Trophosphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

Question 16

What is so important about the Stratosphere?

Answer 16

Ozone (O3)

Question 17

What causes trophospheric ozone?

Answer 17

Chemical reactions of NOx + VOCs in the presence of sunlight

Question 18

What is Thermal inversion?

Answer 18

Normally under normal circumstances, as one goes away from the earth, the air becomes colder, but in thermal inversion we have the cool air and warm air swap which means particles will be stuck inside Trophosphere causing Trophospheric ozone

Question 19

Natural sources of CO2 + Particulates

Answer 19

CO2:
- respiration
- decomposition
- Ocean diffusion
- volcanic eruptions
- wildfires

Particulates:
- dush
- volcanic + wildfire ash
- pollen
- spores
- airborne soil and sand
- bacteria

Question 20

Sources + Effects of Asbestos

Answer 20

Insulation installed prior to 1980

Mesothelioma

Question 21

Effect of limestone on pH

Answer 21

increase soil pH since it’s alkalic or decrease acidity :)

Question 22

local effects of Acid rain

Answer 22

*Corrosion of human-made structures.
*Decreased pH of soil and bodies of water.
*Increased leaching of calcium and other minerals from soils.
*Decreased health of organisms not tolerant to low pH.

Question 23

Catalytic converter converts what into what?

Answer 23

Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide into Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, oxygen and water.

Question 24

When and Where can Thermal Inversion occur?

Answer 24

Time: Radiative cooling from the ground exceeds solar radiation
- nighttime
- winter
- cities: Urban Island Heat as cities radiate heat absorbed during the day

Geography:
- Valleys and mountain ranges act as barriers to deter mixing of air
- coasts, cold ocean water provided cool air to create an inversion layer.

Question 25

ElectroStatic Precipators

Answer 25

- remove particulates - uses attraction of electrical charges between particulates and machine

Question 26

Wet and Dry Scrubbers

Answer 26

Remove air pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide and particulate matter (PM)

Question 27

Sources + Effects of Lead

Answer 27

Paint applied prior to 1978 Neurologic changes, brain damage

Question 28

Sources + Effects of PM

Answer 28

Unvented gas appliances, fireplaces, cigarettes Respiratory issues, rashes, lung disease

Question 29

Point Source Pollutant

Answer 29

single, identifiable sources from which pollutants are released. Examples: discharge pipes, smokestacks from powerplants

Question 30

NonPoint Pollution

Answer 30

Nonpoint sources are large, extensive locations from which pollutants are diffused, which makes these sources difficult to identify and regulate. Examples of nonpoint sources include runoff from urban and agricultural areas

Question 31

What are Endocrine Disruptors + effects

Answer 31

DEFINITION: chemicals that can interfere with an animal's endocrine system by mimicking or blocking hormones that normally control many of the body's functions EFFECTS: developmental disorders, gender imbalances, and birth defects.

Question 32

What is Cultural Eutrophication? What Causes it?

Answer 32

cultural eutrophication is eutrophication caused by anthropogenic activities caused by agricultural runoff and the release of nutrient-rich wastewater from treatment plants.

Question 33

DDT

Answer 33

DDT is a chemical used in insecticides Also a kind of POP (human made carbon based molecules solubale in fat)

Question 34

How is Ozone being depleted in the Stratosphere and how to prevent it.

Answer 34

Ozone depletion happens through chemicals like CFCs, used in aerosol sprays and coolant Instead we switched to HFC's to maintain ozone layer

Question 34

What are Sanitary Landfills and How are they made

Answer 34

Sanitary Landfills are engineered lands for disposal of waste to prevent contamination. Made using: *Cap to contain the discarded waste and separate it from the surface. *Storm water collection system to collect runoff and prevent erosion. *Leachate collection system to collect contaminated liquid waste. *CH4 collection system to remove CH4 generated from waste decomposition. *Bottom liner, usually made of less permeable materials, such as plastic and clay, to prevent leachate from penetrating the soil

Question 35

How can greenhouse gases be reduced and what treaties signed?

Answer 35

- Carbon capture technologies - Government Regulations (Kyoto protocol - didn't include developing countries so failed. Paris Agreement to keep increase in global mean temperature below 2 degrees C)

Question 36

ESA (Endangered Species Act)

Answer 36

Creating a system to list species as threatened or endangered.*Prohibiting the import, export, possession, hunting, sale, and transport of listed species.*Designating and protecting critical habitat (land required for the survival of a listed specie

Question 37

CITES

Answer 37

global agreement that regulates and bans international trade of 38,000 threatened species