Final review #2 Flashcards
1
Q
Encephal/o
A
brain
2
Q
myel/o
A
bone marrow, spinal cord
3
Q
-algesia
A
sensitivity to pain
4
Q
Caus/o
A
burn, burning
5
Q
-paresis
A
weakness
6
Q
-sthenia
A
strength
7
Q
cutane/o
A
skin
8
Q
diaphor/o
A
sweat
9
Q
ichthy/o
A
dry, scaly
10
Q
myc/o
A
fungus
11
Q
pil/o
A
hair
12
Q
rhytid/o
A
wrinkle
13
Q
ungu/o
A
nail
14
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
15
Q
dacry/o
A
tear
16
Q
phac/o or phak/o
A
lens of eye
17
Q
mydr/o
A
wide
18
Q
phot/o
A
light
19
Q
-opia
A
vision condition
20
Q
acous/o
A
hearing
21
Q
audi/o
A
hearing
22
Q
audit/o
A
hearing
23
Q
myring/o
A
tympanic membrane
24
Q
-otia
A
ear condition
25
aden/o
gland
26
crin/o
secrete
27
kal/i
potassium
28
phys/o
growing
29
-tropin
stimulate, act on
30
eu-
good, normal, true
31
cac/o
bad
32
mut/a
genetic change
32
onc/o
tumor
33
prot/o
first
34
-plasia
development, formation, growth
35
-blastoma
immature tumor
36
meta-
beyond change
37
is/o
same, equal
38
vitr/o
glass, vitreous body
39
viv/o
life
40
-graphy
process of recording
41
-lucent
to shine
42
-opaque
obscure
43
ultra-
beyond, excess
44
anxi/o
uneasy, anxious
45
hypn/o
sleep
46
phil/o
attraction to, love
47
schiz/o
split
48
-mania
obsessive preoccupation
49
-thymia
mind (condition of)
50
para-
near, beside, abnormal, apart from, along the side of
51
axon
microscopic fiber that carries a nervous impulse along a nerve cell
52
apraxia
inability to perform purposeful acts or manipulate objects
53
aphasia
inability to speak because you do not understand what others are saying, language function is impaired due to injury to the cerebral cortex
54
ataxia
without coordination
55
amblyopia
decrease visual acuity often in a single eye and appearing in children (lazy eye)
56
Addison disease
hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex, decreased secretion of aldosterone and cortisol
57
autism
neurodevelopment disorder characterized by inhibited social interaction and communication and by restricted, repetitive behavior
58
agoraphobia
fear of open spaces, an anxiety disorder
59
brainstem
lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord, includes the midbrain, pons, and the medulla oblongata
60
burns and degree
burns are injuries to tissues caused by heat contact, 1st degree burn = only affects the epidermis, or outer layer of skin, 2nd degree burn = A second-degree burn, which often looks wet or moist, affects the first and second layers of skin (epidermis and dermis), 3rd degree burn = Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons.
61
blepharitis
inflammation of an eyelid
62
benign
non-cancerous
63
biopsy
process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination
64
barium enema
A barium enema is an X-ray exam that can detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon). The procedure is also called a colon X-ray. An enema is the injection of a liquid into your rectum through a small tube.
65
cerebrum
largest part of the brain, responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought and memory, among other functions
66
cerebellum
posterior part of the brain that that coordinates muscle movements and maintaisn balance
67
central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
68
contusion and subdural hematoma
contusion hematoma = A contusion is a type of hematoma. The definition of a contusion is a bruise, which occurs when blood vessels are damaged or broken as the result of an injury.
subdural hematoma = A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood that forms on the surface of the brain. The blood may press against the brain and damage the tissue
69
comedones
clogged hair follicle in the skin, blackhead or whitehead
70
cuticle
band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
71
cataract
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
72
conjuctivitis
inflammation of the conjunctiva (delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball up to the cornea)
73
Cushing disease
group of symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex, obesity, hyperglycemia, and excess fat deposition in the body. High levels of exogenous cortisol can produce similar results
74
chest x-ray views
CXR = chest x-ray, PA = posterioranterior view, AP view = anteriorposterior view, lateral = on the sides,
75
chest CT
a CT is a cross-sectional x-ray of imaging of an organ with or without contrast material. A chest CT is a computed tomography of the chest used in medical imaging to evaluate the lungs and search for lung disorders while laying supine (on your back)
76
dendrite
microscopic branching portion of a nerve cell, the first part of the nerve cell to receive the nervous impulse
77
dyskinesia
impairment of the ability to perform voluntary movements (like running and dancing - willed actions)
78
dyslexia
difficulty in reading, writing, and learning
79
dermis
middle layer of skin
80
diplopia
double vision
81
diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis develops when the body can't make enough insulin, a hormone that helps sugar enter cells for energy. Instead, fat is broken down for energy. This can cause acids called ketones to build up in the blood and collect in the urine. The risk is highest in people who have type 1 diabetes and those who often miss insulin doses. (life-threatening)
82
differentiated
specialization of cells from immature to mature
83
dysplastic nevus
abnormal moles with irregular borders, indistinct margins, and mixed coloration, often precursors and malignant melanomas.
84
dysphoria
sadness, hopelessness, and depressive mood (Feeling low)
85
dissociation
Dissociation is a mental process where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity. Dissociative disorders include dissociative amnesia, depersonalisation disorder and dissociative identity disorder.
86
dysthymia
depressive episodes, but not of the same intensity or duration as major depression
87
dissociative fugue
A form of dissociative amnesia where a person travels from one location to another during their state of memory loss, sometimes assuming a new identity.
88
ecchymosis
A small bruise caused by blood leaking from broken blood vessels into the tissues of the skin or mucous membranes.
89
epidermis
outer layer of the skin
90
estrogenic
pertaining to producing estrogen (a female hormone produced by the ovaries)
91
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball, sign of hyperthyroidism
92
encapsulated
Confined to a specific, localized area and surrounded by a thin layer of tissue, benign tumors are encapsulated
93
environmental agents (carcinogens)
substances that produce cancer. Carcinogens may occur naturally in the environment (such as ultraviolet rays in sunlight and certain viruses) or may be generated by humans (such as automobile exhaust fumes and cigarette smoke).
94
fluorpscopy
process of using x-rays to produce an image on a fluorescent screen imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object
95
glaucoma
a condition of increased pressure within the eyeball, causing gradual loss of sight.
96
graves disease
hyperfunctioning of the thyroid gland, thyrotoxicosis. This is the most common type of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) Graves' disease can lead to heart rhythm disorders, changes in the structure and function of the heart muscles, and the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to the body (heart failure)
97
hyperglycemia
high levels of sugar in the bloodstream, associated with diabetes mellitus
98
iris
pigmented layer of the eyes
98
insulin
hormone secreted by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells.
99
interventional radiology
therapeutic procedures performed by a radiologist
100
lunula
half-mooned-shaped, whitish area at the base of a nail
101
lens
the transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye. It bends light rays to bring them into focus on the retina
102
lithium
drug used to treat the manic episodes in bipolar disorder
103
medulla oblongata
lower part of the brain, closest to the spinal cord, controls breathing heartbeat, and size of blood vessels
104
myelin sheath
fatty, white covering over the axon of a nerve cell
105
myelomeningocele
Myelomeningocele is the most severe form of spina bifida. A portion of the spinal cord or nerves are exposed in a sac through an opening in the spine that may or may not be covered by the meninges. congenital hernia of the spinal cord and meninges through a defect in the vertebral column. This defect is associated with spinal bifida
106
migraine
severe headache, often unilateral, and sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting
107
malignant
cancerous, harmful
108
metastasis
spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site
109
melanoma
cancerous skin grown composed of melanocytes
110
otosclerosis
hardening of bony tissue of the middle ear
111
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear. The middle ear is located just behind the eardrum
112
ovary
one of two small glands responsible for egg production and hormone secretion
113
OCD
anxiety disorder in which recurrent thoughts and repetitive act dominate behavior
114
parenchyma
essential, functioning cells of any organ
114
plexus
network of nerves outside of the central nervous system, brachial, cervical, and lumbosacral plexuses are examples
115
perestheisa
Paresthesia is the feeling of tingling, numbness or “pins and needles.”
116
palsy
paralysis
117
papule
small, solid elevation of the skin, skin tags and pimples are examples
118
pustule
small abscess on the skin, a papule containing pus
119
petechia
small pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
120
pruitus
itching
121
pyoderma
skin disease with formation of pus
122
pupil
the central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass (It appears dark)
123
pinna
auricle, protruding part of the external ear
124
presbycusis
progressive loss of hearing, occurring in middle and older age
125
parathyroid glands
four endocrine glands on the posterior side of the thyroid gland, secrete parathormone
126
pituitary
small endocrine gland in the center of the brain, secretes melatonin
127
pancreas
gland located under and behind the stomach, produces the hormone insulin to transport sugar to cells and enzymes to digest food
128
psychologist
an individual specializing in mental processes and how the brain functions in health and disease, treats patients with psychotherapy, but in most states cannot prescribe drugs
129
psychiatrist
physicians who treats the mind and mental disorders
130
prozac
Fluoxetine (Prozac): an antidepressant medicine to treat depression
131
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
anxiety-related symptoms appear after personal experience of a traumatic event
132
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain, caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissue
132
retina
light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)
133
rods and cones
rod = photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision
cones = photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse (cones are responsible for color and central vision)
134
radiographer
one who assists a radiologist in performing diagnostic x-ray procedures
135
Spina Bifida
a congenital (at birth) defect in the lumber spinal column (spinal cord doesnt dvelop correctly) caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts, spinal cord, and meninges may herniate through the vertebral gap
136
syncopal
pertaining to syncope (fainting)
137
sebaceous glands
oil-secreting gland in the dermis, associated with hair follicles
138
subcutaneous layer
innermost layer of the skin (deepest layer), containing fat tissue majority of your bodys fat is here
138
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
139
stapes
small, stirrup -shaped bone in the middle ear, this osscile (smallest bone In the body)
140
suppurative otitis media
Chronic suppurative otitis media, also known as chronic otitis media, is a stage of ear disease in which there is an on-going chronic infection of the middle ear without an intact tympanic membrane. This disease is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity.
141
sessile
type of polyp (Abnormal tissue growth on a mucous membrane.) that extends from a broad base as opposed to growing on a stalk
142
sonographer
A diagnostic medical sonographer, also known simply as a sonographer, uses imaging equipment and soundwaves to form images of many parts of the body, known as ultrasounds.
143
social phobia
Social anxiety disorder, also called social phobia, is a long-term and overwhelming fear of social situations. It's a common problem that usually starts during the teenage years.
144
thalamus
main relay center of the brain. Optic nerve fibers pass through the thalamus on their way to the cerebral cortex
145
tinnitus
sensation of noises in the ears without an external source, like when your ears ring
146
thyroid gland
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that produces T cell lymphocytes and aids in the immune response
147
ultrasonography
use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue
148
vesicle
small collection of clear fluid (blister)
149
vertigo
the sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects. People with vertigo feel as though they are actually spinning or moving, or that the world is spinning around them.
150
