Final Review Flashcards
(339 cards)
1
Q
Identify the extra-cellular cation whose osmotic pressure and location helps move body fluids.
A
Sodium
2
Q
identify the tern for an increase in the size of individual cells to increase their work capacity
A
Hypertrophy
3
Q
identify the specific process in which water passively moves down its concentration gradient.
A
osmosis
4
Q
identify the specific physical structure often required for water to move through a cell membrane.
A
aquaporin
5
Q
identify the specific brain structure that produces and secretes releasing and inhibiting hormones.
A
hypothalamus
6
Q
identify the organ system that works with the endocrine system to regulate/maintain homeostasis.
A
nervous
7
Q
identify the specific tissue that generates extra heat in human and other hemothermic newborns.
A
brown fat
8
Q
identify which part of a neuron must remain viable for a damaged or cut axon to regenerate.
A
cell body
9
Q
identify the specific nervous system structure that is composed of a bundle of axons.
A
nerve
10
Q
identify the specific tonicity (hypo- or hyper-) of a solution that causes the crenation of red blood cells.
A
hyper
11
Q
identify the specific tonicity (hypo- or hyper-) of a solution that causes hemolysis of red blood cells.
A
hypo
12
Q
identify the specific phase of FDA human clinical trials which tests only the basic target population.
A
phase II
13
Q
identify the specific phase of FDA human clinical trials which tests additional uses for a drug.
A
Phase IV
14
Q
identify the special sense that most easily stimulates the limbic system or rhinoencephalon.
A
smell
15
Q
identify the brain structure that is the body’s thermostat and regulates most endocrine organs?
A
Hypothalmus
16
Q
identify the brain specific chemical element that must be removed from proteins before they can enter the krebs cycle and be use for APT production
A
Nitrogen
17
Q
identify the metabolic pathway or process in which the liver converts lactic acid to pyruvic acid; pyruvic acid can then be converted to glucose-6-phosphate and then either glucose or glycogen
A
cori cycle
18
Q
identify the term defined as decrease in the size of individual cells due to lack of use or innervation
A
atrophy
19
Q
identify the term defined as as increase in the number of cells due to mitosis or cell devision
A
hyperplasia
20
Q
identify the process by which the hormone or neurotransmitters exit the cell in which they are made
A
exocytosis
21
Q
identify the capillary end (arterial or venous) in which net fluid movement is into interstitial fluid.
A
arterial
22
Q
identify specifically what determines the net direction of molecule movement is into interstitial fluid.
A
concentration gradient
23
Q
identify one specific factor that can directly affect the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane.
A
surface area
24
Q
identify the mammalian glucose storage molecule present in liver and muscle cells
A
glycogen
25
identify the specific molecule identified as the nitrogen waste molecule in mammals.
ureas
26
identify the process by which cells ingest materials such as molecules, viruses or dead cells.
phagocytosis
27
identify the specific protein present and responsible for saltatory conduction and action potentials.
myelin
28
identify the specific extracellular fluid, made from blood in the choroid plexus, that bathes the internal enviornment of the brain and spinal cord.
CSF
29
T or F:
| the cortex of he spinal cord is gray due to the presence of large numbers of neuron cell bodies
F
30
T or F:
| oxygen is requires for maximal ATP production but does not store energy for the cell
T
31
T or F:
capillary fluid pressures can help move nutrients, wastes and other molecules in and out of interstitial fluid space with out the use of ATP or other energy sources.
T
32
T or F:
| tranaminiation is how the liver converts essential amino acids into other amino acids for the body
T
33
T or F:
| glycogenesis produces glucose for ATP production and elevates blood glucose levels
F
34
T or F:
| The brain is about 1% of human body weigh but needs at lease 50% of total blood flow.
F
35
T or F:
| ATP is the only molecule that can "couple" metabolic reactions by trapping or releasing energy
F
36
T or F:
| passive transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient
F
37
T or F:
| blood osmotic pressure decreases as the water concentration of the blood decrease
F
38
T or F:
| positive feedback is much more common that negative feedback in normal metabolic pathways.
F
39
T or F:
| Flow of cytoplasm in an axon can be both toward ans away from the neuron cell body
T
40
T or F:
apoptosis is cellular death programmed in the genes; necrosis is cellular death due to disease. necrosis is cellular death due to disease.
T
41
T or F:
| the brain is very efficient a utilizing lactic acid and keytones to produce ATP for its function.
F
42
T or F:
| sodium potassium pumps move sodium into the cell and potassium out of the cell.
F
43
T or F:
intrinsic regulation occurs in the organs being regulated: extrinsic regulation occurs via the nervous and/or endocrine systems
T
44
T or F:
| facilitated diffusion of glucose for re-absorption in the kidney requires a carrier protein
T
45
T or F:
| gluconeogenesis converts carbohydrates into non carbohydrates for use in atp production
F
46
T or F:
| action potentials are seperated by refractory periods no matter how fast they are produced
T
47
T or F:
| in general vitamins funcion as co-enzymes and minerals function as co-factors in metabolism
T
48
T or F:
| increasing strength of a stimulus causes increasing mV changes in action potentals
F
49
T or F:
| a nerve is the functional cell and a reflex is the function work unit of the nervous system.
F
50
T or F:
| the negative resting membrane potential of cells is due to a lack of cations inside the cell
F
51
T or F:
| all over the counter products available in the US are regulated by the FDA
F
52
T or F:
| the pineal gland produces melanin which helps regulate the diurnal or sleep/wake cycle
F
53
T or F:
| the cerebellum initiates all skeletal muscle activity; the cerebrum provides fine motor control.
F
54
T or F:
| the only acceptable isotonic fluid is for intravenous administration is 0.9% saline
F
55
T or F:
repeated use of a nervous pathway (ie long term poteniation) reduces the efficiency of that pathway, thus creating long term memory
F
56
T or F:
| the liver can raise blood glucose levels, skeletal muscle cannot raise blood glucose levels
T
57
T or F:
| Active transport cam move different molecules in more than one direction simultaneously
T
58
T or F:
| an individual neuron can be both sensory and motor in its function
F
59
T or F:
| the na/k pump is the only way electrolytes cab cross the cell membranes
F
60
T or F:
| autocrine and paracrine signals always travel long distances in the blood to reach their targets cells.
F
61
T or F:
| receptor molecules for regulatory signals such as hormones my be intracellular or extracellular
T
62
T or F:
| facilitated diffusion exhibits specificity, competition and saturation, simple diffusion does not.
T
63
Identify the fave specific molecules regularly present in blood as potential options for ATP production:
Ketone, lactic acid, glucose, amino acid, fatty acid
64
list the three major types or categories of memory
sensory, short term, long term
65
identify two different mechanisms that can open gated channels in the plasma membrans
ligand, chemical
66
identify the specific hormone that is released when blood osmolarity increases
ADH
67
Identify the target organ of ADH hormone in which water reabsorption occors
kidney
68
what does ADH hormone do to blood volume
increases
69
fluid movement is due to the pumping heart
Blood hydrostatic pressure
70
pushes fluid and waste molecules out of the interstitial fluid
tissue hydrostatic pressure
71
pulls water into blood so it can be circulated to the body and liver
blood osmoic pressure
72
pushed water, glucose and other nutrients to the cells of the body
blood hydrostatic pressure
73
specifically restores blood concentration osmotic pressure in the venous end of the capillary
blood osmotic pressure
74
pulls what into the interstitial place to dilute lactic acid from metabolizing cells
tissue osmotic pressure
75
glandular cell
stable cell
76
liver cell
stable cell
77
skin cell
labile cell
78
spermatogonia
liable cell
79
neuron
permanent cell
80
urine in the urinary bladder
not a body fluid
81
CSF is the central canal of the spinal cord
extracellular fluid
82
cytoplasm or cytosol
intracellular fluid
83
plasma
extra cellular fluid
84
interstitial or lymphatic fluid
extracellular fluid
85
ingesta or chyme in small intestine
not a body fluid
86
different isoforms maybe present in different tissues
carrier proteins
87
each isoform is a totally different function
neither enzymes or carrier proteins
88
exhibits specificity when binding to other molecules
both enzymes and carrier proteins
89
can become saturated
both enzymes and carrier protiens
90
a protein transcribed/translated from a specific gene
both enzymes and carrier proteins
91
identify the medical term defined as white blood cells
leukeocytes
92
identify the specific blood formed element that is required for normal hemostasis
thrombocyte
93
identify the specific blood formed element involved in agglutination
erythrocytes
94
the maximum life span for formed element thrombocyte
5-9 days
95
the specific blood formed element that is not intact or complete cell
platelet
96
one specific dietary nutrient required for normal erythrropoesis
iron
97
identify the percentage of a hormone remaining after four consecutive half lives
6.25
98
the maximum life span of an erythrocyte in circulating blood
120 days
99
the specific gland responsible for production of releasing and inhibiting hormones
hypothalamus
100
the dietary nutrient required for thyroxine t3/t4 to bind normally to DNA
vitamin A
101
the specific hormone that increases cs levels in the blood
parathyroid
102
specific hormone that is antagonistic to the parathyroid hormone
calcitonin
103
the specific location for the production of the hormone and that decrease ca levels in the blood
thyroid
104
specific structure (other than the adrenal medulla) with only sympathetic stimulation
sweat gland s
105
specific molecule in skeletal muscle that prevents a phosphate deficiency form limiting ATP production during intense skeletal muscle exercise
creatine phosphate
106
the specific location of the most common cause of exercise fatigue
brain cerebrum
107
ABO/Rh blood type identified as the universal donor of erythrocytes
O-
108
identify the specific reason for the universal RBC donor designation
no antigen s
109
identify the specific ABO/Rh blood type that identified as the universal recipient for erythrocytes
AB+
110
identify the specific reason for the universal RBC recipient designation
no atnibodies
111
hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk movement in to the breast
oxytocin
112
hormone that regulates BOP via water reaborption in the kidney
ADH
113
specific location in which the ADH abd Oxytocin are produced
hypothalamus
114
the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates growth and development of all body tissues
GH
115
the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates production of BMR regulating hormone
TSH
116
the anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production in breast tissue
prolactin
117
one anterior pituitary gonadotropin hormone that is present in both males and females
LH
118
Specific protein that is significantly higher in type I muscle fibers
myoglobin
119
T or F:
| biofeedback occurs when the cerebrum takes over control of the ANS
F
120
T or F:
| atp is required for muscle contraction but not muscle relaxation
F
121
T or F:
reciprocal innervation by the nervous system stimulates the muscles on one side of a limb at the same time as opposite muscles of the same limb are stimulated
F
122
T or F:
| the cerebellum initiates the nervous system stimulation of skeletal muscles
F
123
T or F:
when blood vessels are damaged, various chemical messengers cause vasoconstriciton, formation of platelet lug and web of fibrin in the process known as fibrinolysis
F
124
T or F:
the fetal foramen ovale and ductus arterosus allow blood, already oxygenated by the mother, to bypass the nonfunction fetal lungs prior to birth
T
125
T or F:
| an exogenous supplement of melatonin has no effect on the melatonin feedback system in the body
F
126
T or F:
| type II muscle fibers have more mitochondria and glycogen that type I fibers
F
127
uses norepinerphrine as a neurotransmitter
only the sympathetic devision of ANS
128
denervation does not eliminate muscle tone
only the ANS
129
elevates blood glucose above normal levels
only the sympathetic division of the ANS
130
includes only efferent or motor messages
somatic motor and ANS
131
all signals are excitatory
only somatic motor division
132
uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter
some motor and ANS
133
vagus never delivers these messages to most thoracic and abdominal organs
only the parasympathetic ANS
134
usually a two-neuron pathway
only the ANS
135
pre-ganglionoic neuron cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar CNS
only the sympathetic devision of the ANS
136
involves at least on ganglion
only the ANS
137
sends messages to skeletal muscle
only the somatic motor division
138
denervation causes paralysis with sagging and atrophies muscles
only somatic mother division
139
uses only a one-neuron pathway
only the somatic motor devision
140
sends messages to cardiac and smooth muscles
only the ANS
141
endocrine gland responsible for the regulation of resting blood glucose levels
pancreas
142
hormone responsible for moving glucose into body cells
insulin
143
hormone responsible for simulation of glycogenolysis in the liver
glucagon
144
hormone responsible for stimulation of gluconeogeneis s
glucocorticoids
145
specific gland or tissue that secrets glucocorticoids
adrenal cortex
146
end product of glycogenolysis in hepatocytes
glucose
147
major tissue responsible for replenishing blood glucose
liver
148
stores glycogen but can not replenish blood glucose
skeletal muscles
149
hepatic metabolic reaction resulting from increase insulin function
glucogenesis
150
released due to stimulation by ACTH from the anterior pituitary gland
cortisol
151
released due to direct stimulation by sympathetic nervous system
adrenaline
152
includes antibodies involved in transfusion reactions
globulins
153
required for maintenance of blood osmotic pressure
albumin
154
required for normal coagulation
fibrinogen
155
involved in the process of agglutination
globulins
156
identify the location in which albumin, fibrinogen and globulins aer produced
liver
157
can contract even if stretched up to 2.5 times its resting length
smooth muscle
158
sliding filaments are parallel to each other
striated muscle
159
neurotransmitter receptors are over then entire cellular surface
smooth muscle
160
calcium is stored within the intracellular sarcoplasmic reticulum
striated muscle
161
sliding filament theory accurately describes muscles contractions
cardaic, striated, and smooth muscles
162
agglutionation occurs only with anti-Rh antibodies
O+
163
agglutination occurs only with anti-A antibodies
A-
164
what blood types can an individual with type Ab+ blood type receive
A-, A+, B-,B+, O-,O+,AB+, AB-
165
what blood types can an individual with type O- blood receive
O-
166
identify the only maternal Rh blood type that can produce hemolytic disease of the the new born
Rh-
167
identify specifically what is the maternal RhoGAM injection that prevents hemolytic disease of the newborn
preformed antibodies
168
what are three specific ways in which hormone production and/or secretion can be regulated
neural stimulation, releasing and inhibiting hormone, and chemoreceptors in the blood
169
how can estrogen up regulate the uterus for progesterone
estrogen can increase the number of receptors so it would be more effected by progesterone
170
specific location of oxygen chemoreceptors in the endocrine feedback loop
renal arteries
171
specific hormone stimulated by low blood O2 in the endocrine feedback loop
erythropoetin
172
the organ the produces erythropoetin
kidney
173
the specific target tissue of this hormone
bone marrow
174
the specific process that is accelerated by erythropetin
erythropoesis
175
the specific molecule that most often regulates the rate and depth of breathing
CO2
176
the specific units for the acronym
mL
177
specific units for the acronym
mL/min
178
the compound that reduces surface tension in the lungs, decreasing the work required to inflate the lung
surfactant
179
identify the large respiratory muscle that increases negative pressure pulls open the lungs when breathing
diaphragm
180
the specific term for increased ventilation (rate and depth of breathing)due to the increases carbon dioxide produced associated with strenuous exercise
hyperpnea
181
identify the specific layer of the respiratory membrane first crossed by carbon dioxide during normal gas exchange
capillary endothelium
182
when sick ebola patients are given plasma from someone who has previously recovered from an ebola infection, what specifically are they receiving as treatment
preformed antibodies
183
the specific layer of the respiratory membrane first crossed by oxygen during normal gas exchange
surfacant
184
T or F:
| active immunity both natural and artificial provides no memory for future antigen exposures
F
185
T or F:
a true hypersensitivity reaction usually occur
at the first exposure to the antigen
F
186
T or F:
| single injections of pre-formed antibodies provided many years of immune memory
F
187
T or F:
| babies born before 28 weeks of gestation are no yet capable of producing surfactant
T
188
T or F:
| gas exchange between air and blood occurs in the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi and lungs
F
189
hypervenilation increases blood levels of CO2; hypoventilation decreases blood levels of CO2; and hyperpnea works to prevent any net change in blood levels of CO2
F
190
T or F:
pulse measured simultaneously at the wrist and ankle will be less at the ankle due to the extended distance from the heart
F
191
T or F:
to compensate for low atmospheric oxygen, hyperventilation increases oxygen intake and oxygen has a higher affinity for hemoglobin in the capillaries of the body tissues
F
192
adequate perfusion and ventilation are required for normal gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
T
193
venous return occurs due to skeletal muscle activity, pressure changes in the chest cavity during breathing, and pressure generated by the heart
F
194
a normal EKG proves there is and adequate perfusion of the body via the circulatory system
F
195
mechanical movement of air
respiration
196
ability of the lungs to strech or expand
compliance
197
ability of the ling to return to initial size (recoil)
elasticity
198
RBC protein that transports oxygen, CO and CO2
hemoglobin
199
volume of air moved in a normal resting breath
tidal volume
200
volume of air always left in the lung
residual volume
201
inspiratory + expiratory reserve volumes + tidal volume
vital capasity
202
volume of extra air inhaled as a deep breath
inspiratory reserve volume
203
expiratory reserve volume + residual volumes
total lung capacity
204
insporatory + exporatory + tidal + residual volumes
total lung capacity
205
tidal volume + insporatory reserve volume
inspiratory capacity
206
volume of air forcible exhaled beyond a normal breath
expiratory reserve volume
207
lung measurement used for health screenings such as asthma
vital capacity
208
oxygen utilization for ATP production
cellular respiration
209
elevated ADH levels
increase Blood pressure
210
elevated aldostrone levels
increase blood pressure
211
increased conractility of heart muscle
increase blood pressure
212
strenuous physical activity
increase blood pressure
213
decreased total peripheral resistance
decreases blood pressure
214
increased venous return
increases blood pressure
215
decreased volume
decreased blood pressure
216
release is stimulated by increased blood osmolarity
ADH/vasopressin
217
increases urine volume
atrial natriuretic hormone
218
decreases Na+ in the blood
atrial natriuetic hormone
219
antibody production
aquired immunity
220
intact skin and mucous membranes
innate immunity
221
phagocytosis/phagocytic cell
innate immunity
222
process of tolerance
acquired immunity
223
hypersensitivity to penicillin or dust mies
acquired immunity
224
lactose intolerance
neither acquired or innate immunity
225
vaccination or immunization with antigens
acquired immunity
226
stomach ache
innate immunity
227
memory response to second and subsequent antigen exposures
acquired immunity
228
fever
innate immunity
229
natural active immunity
chicken pox shot
230
artificial passive immunity
an injection of preformed antibodies
231
hormone that is produced in response to decreased O2 in the blood
erythropeotin
232
specific organ that produces the hormone erythropoetin
kidney
233
the target tissue of erythropoetin
bone marrow
234
specific process affecting in the bone marrow by erythropoetin
increased RBC production
235
exposure to antigen
active immunity
236
production of antibodies
active immunity
237
receipt of pre-formed antibodies
passive immunity
238
no immediate protection the first time it occurs
active immunity
239
provides no immediate protection the first time it occurs
passive immunity
240
colostrum or breastfeeding
passive immunity
241
vaccination for tetanus
active immunity
242
administration of anti-venom following a venomous snake bite
passive immunity
243
monitors stretch of blood vessels, sends data to the brain
baroreceptors
244
takes blood away from the heart
arteries
245
carries blood to the heart
veins
246
initiates contraction of the heart muscle
SA node
247
specific type of vessels in brain with no pores or opening s
fenestrated capillaries
248
shunts blood for regulation of body tempature
arteriovenous anasomosis
249
specific renal and endocrine vessels with pores or windows
fenestrated capillaries
250
location of the highest volume of blood at any given time
veins
251
specific location of exchange between blood and interstitial fluid
capillaries
252
pushes blood to the right side of the heart
skeletal muscles
253
returns extra interstitial fluid to the venous circulation
lymphatic vessels
254
determines if venous return is excessive
atrial stretch receptors
255
receives ANS input for chronotropic changes in cardiac function
SA node
256
identify three specific structures of the cardiovascular system that utilizes valves for one-way flow
lymphatic vessles, veins, and heart
257
what are tow distinctly different things that directly cause immunosupression
chemotherapy and lack of sleep
258
antibody most commonly circulating in blood
IgG
259
antibody most commonly found in mucous and other body secretions
IgA
260
first antibody produced at the time of initial exposure to antigen
IgM
261
Second antibody produces after initial exposure to an antigen
IgG
262
type of antibody measures for rabies or measles titer
IgG
263
type of antibody produced as memory or secondary response to an antigen
IgG
264
antibody most elevated in response to parasites and hyper sensitivities
IgE
265
antibody produces as a result of a transfusion reaction
IgG
266
female gonad
ovary
267
male gamete
sperm
268
term for out of its normal location
ectopic
269
specific ovarian structure from which the female games is released at ovulation
follicle
270
specific male structure in which sperm are stored prior to emission
epidymus
271
layer of he uterus that is sloughed during he menstratual
| cycle
endometrium
272
term for the specific shedding process during the menstraul cycle
menses
273
structure between the uterus and vagina that must be open during child birth
cervix
274
the male gonal
testis
275
female gamete
egg
276
final process in the uterus that fully prepares sperm to fertilize the egg
capaciation
277
stage of life after permanent cessaion of menstruation in human females
menopause
278
identify the specific stage of human life at which fertile gametes become available
puberty
279
specific type of cell division that produces gametes or haploid cells
meiosis
280
specific urinary structure that in human males also have a reproductive function
urethra
281
the term for the very first menstrual cycle
menarche
282
specific ovarian structure formed immediately after ovulation which produces and secretes hormone o help maintain pregnancy
corpus luteum
283
specific circulation in which molecules excreted in bile may return to the liver
enterhepatic circulation
284
specific liver vascular system sequence: capillaries-veins-capilliaries- veins
hepatic portal system
285
the organ in which blood goes from capillaries o arterioles to capillaries to vein
kidney
286
the section of the small intestine that directly receives bile and pancreatic juice
duodenum
287
identify he specific organ responsible for bile production
liver
288
identify he hormone that stimulates labor and milk let down
oxytocin
289
afferent arterioles undergo auto-regulation to keep what specific physiological parameter above the minimum required for urine formation
BP or GFR
290
identify the specific vitamin that requires intrinsic factor in the the stomach for its absorption
B12
291
T or F:
| the corpus albicans have no endocrine function
T
292
T or F: the only physiological purpose for urea is as a waste molecule for nitrogen metabolism
F
293
T or F:
insulin stimulates glycogenolysis to increase blood glucose; glucagon allows for glucose to enter cells which keeps blood sugar low
F
294
T or F:
the hepatic artery delivers all absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing before they enter the venous or systemic circulation
F
295
T or F:
| plasma proteins and blood cells are normally prohibited form being filtered into urinary filtrate
T
296
T or F:
| in a single day a human with tow normal kidneys produces 180 liters of urine
F
297
T or F:
| the acrosomal reaction removes the tail of the sperm
F
298
T or F:
| water can be easily reabsorbed for the ureter, urethra, or urinary bladder if necessary
F
299
T or F:
the liver is unusual because although it receives arterial blood it actually receives most of its blood via venous circulation
T
300
T or F:
| the liver is the largest internal organ it produces plasma proteins
T
301
T or F:
| materials inside the digestive tract and urinary tract are physiologically outside of the body
T
302
T or F:
the human placenta is designed to easily allow sharing of oxygen, blood, cells, and antibodies between the mother and developing fetus
F
303
if a male produces breast milk, the cause must be an endocrine malfunction or imbalance
T
304
identify the specific nephron section that exhibits counter current flow
loop of henle
305
one specific interstitial molecule that pulls water out of the nephron
sodium
306
another major interstitial molecule that pulls water out of the nephron
urea
307
specific blood vessels that reabsorb water in the cuntercurrent multiplier system
vasa reca
308
the specific fluid pressure hat moves water into the counter current multiplier system
BOP
309
identify the sie of production of GnRH
hypothalamus
310
one of the the gonadotropin regulated by GnRH
LH
311
one of the the gonadotropin regulated by GnRH
FSH
312
three accessory sex gland of he male reproducive tract
bublouretral, seminalvesicle, prostate
313
stimulated by abnormally high blood osmolarity
antidiuretic hormone
314
simulated by abnormally low blood pressure and volume
renin angiotensin system
315
stimulated by abnormally high blood pressure
atrial natriuretic hormone
316
stimulated by abnormally low blood Na+
aldostrone
317
stimulates vasoconstriction as part of its pathway
renin angioensin system
318
produces in the hypothalamus
anidiuretic hormone
319
produced in the adrenal corex
aldostrone
320
secreted from the posterior pitutiary gland
antidiuretic hormone
321
produced by the cells of the right atrium
atrial natriutic hormone
322
decreases blood pressure
atrial natriutic hormone
323
molecules enter the urinary filtrate from tubules
secretion
324
molecules enter the urinary filtrate from glomerular capillaries
filtration
325
osmosis moves water in this process
reabsorption
326
aldosterone moves sodium via this process
reabsorption
327
the process normally prevents the presence of glucose on the urine
reabsorption
328
the process continuously decreases urinary filtrate volume by 85%
reabsorpion
329
ADH moves water via this process
reabsorption
330
ANH moves sodium vial this process
secretion
331
removes molecules from urinary filtrate
reabsorpion
332
requires fenesrated capillaries
filtration
333
the hepatic portal system vessels in the funcional order
```
intestinal capillaries
mesenteric veins
hepatic portal vein
hepatic capillaries
hepatic veins
```
334
lack of ADH function
diabetes insipidus
335
lack of insulin function
diabetes mellitus
336
produces polyuria
both diabetes
337
produces polydipsia
both diabetes
338
if not treated allows glycosuria
diabetes mellitus
339
what are the major hormones hat remain elevated to signal an ongoing pregnancy
LH
progestrone
HCG
