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Mental Health > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is general anxiety disorder?

A

Worry obsessively and interferes with life.

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2
Q

What is fear?

A

An emotional response to a specific and proximal threat to an organism’s life or integrity.

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3
Q

What is anxiety?

A

An emotion characterized by the apprehension or dread of a potentially threatening or uncertain outcome.

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4
Q

Three subcategories of anxiety disorders

A
  1. Panic attacks
  2. Obsessions
  3. Compulsions
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5
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Characterized by severe obsessions (repetitive, intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive, ritualistic behaviors) or both.

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6
Q

What are obsessions a result of?

A

Anxiety

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7
Q

Why do OCD patients experience compulsions?

A

Attempt to reduce or eliminate the anxiety

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8
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Repetitive, intrusive thoughts

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9
Q

What are compulsions?

A

Repetitive, ritualistic behaviours

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10
Q

What is social phobia?

A

Involves a marked or intense fear of social situations

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11
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks and fear of prompting another attack, which limits the individual’s ability to function

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12
Q

What is a panic attack?

A

Abrupt surges of intense fear or discomfort that peak within minutes

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13
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

A fear of open spaces

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14
Q

What is a specific phobia?

A

An irrational fear of a specific object or situation that the person realizes is unreasonable

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15
Q

What is fear conditioning?

A

When the sight or thought of something/someone triggers fear due to prior experiences (ex: got bitten by a dog as a child, resulting in a fear of dogs)

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16
Q

What do cognitive behaviour theories suggest about anxiety disorders?

A

Fear response can be learned (classic conditioning)

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17
Q

What is unreceptive conditioning?

A

Pairing a somatic discomfort with impending panic attack.

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18
Q

What is the first line of pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders?

A

SSRI’s

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19
Q

What medication is used to treat anxiety disorders when SSRI’s do not work?

A

MAOI’s

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20
Q

What is exposure with response prevention (ERP)?

A

Used to treat patient’s with OCD where you show them something that usually causes them to do compulsions, and force them not to do the compulsions

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21
Q

What is “psychosomatic”?

A

Adjective to describe a psychological state that contributes to the development of a physical illness

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22
Q

What is “somatization”?

A

(Noun) unexplained physical symptoms that occur in the presence of psychological distress or psychiatric illness

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23
Q

What is somatic symptom and related disorders?

A

The patient experiences physical symptoms causing psychological distress or abnormal patterns of thought

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24
Q

What are factitious disorders?

A

The patient self-inflicts injury as a result of psychological stress to seek medical treatment

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25
Q

What are 6 syndromes classified under somatic symptom disorder?

A
  1. Somatic symptom disorder
  2. Illness anxiety disorder
  3. Conversion disorder
  4. Psychological factors affecting other medical conditions
  5. Factitious disorder
  6. Other specified somatic symptom and related disorders
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26
Q

What is somatic symptom disorder?

A

A condition characterized by emotional distress and a disruption of daily living caused by one or more physical symptoms

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27
Q

What are some risk factors for somatic symptom disorder?

A

Runs in families, abuse, female gender, substance use, anxiety disorder

28
Q

What disorder is one of the most preventable mental disorders?

A

Eating disorders

29
Q

What is the continuum of eating disorders?

A
  1. Unrestricted eating
  2. Watchful eating
  3. Increasing weight and shape preoccupation
  4. Clinical eating disorders
30
Q

When is anorexia usually diagnosed?

A

Adolescence and early adulthood

31
Q

What are two types of anorexia and their definitions?

A
  1. Restrictive- restricting intake or excessive exercising

2. Binge eating/purging - eating a lot then purging it out

32
Q

Which theory is most widely accepted for anorexia?

A

Psychodynamic theory

33
Q

What is bulimia?

A

Patients are a normal weight and experience recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging

34
Q

What is binge eating disorder?

A

Ingesting a large amount of food in a short period of time without purging

35
Q

What did Leibniz suggest about dreams?

A

That they were a product of the mind

36
Q

What did Freud suggest about dreams?

A

That they are an expression of man’s emotions?

37
Q

What are 2 stages of sleep?

A
  1. Rapid eye movement (REM)

2. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

38
Q

What are 3 stages of NREM sleep?

A
  1. Sleep architecture
  2. Sleep hypnogram
  3. Sleep efficiency
39
Q

What is process C?

A

Circadian rhythms

40
Q

What is process S?

A

Represents sleep need

41
Q

What is insomnia disorder?

A

Difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep

42
Q

What is narcolepsy?

A

Tendency to fall asleep in relaxing situations

43
Q

What are 2 circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders?

A

Jet lag and shift workers

44
Q

What is hypervigilance?

A

Increased senses

45
Q

What age range is “young-old”?

A

65-74

46
Q

What age range is “middle-old”?

A

75-84

47
Q

What age range is “old-old”?

A

85 and up

48
Q

What is immunosenescence?

A

The gradual deterioration of the immune system brought on by natural aging

49
Q

What is gerotranscendence?

A

A developmental stage that occurs when an individual who is living into very old age shifts their perspective

50
Q

What are errors of omission?

A

The feeling that you have to do the right thing – leaving the answer out

51
Q

What are errors of commission?

A

Act of doing something wrong – making a guess

52
Q

What type of error is most common is elderly people?

A

Errors of omission

53
Q

Who is often the perpetrator in abuse situations?

A

A loved one of the victim

54
Q

What is battering?

A

Repeated physical or sexual violence with the intent of coercive control

55
Q

What is sexual assault?

A

Any form non-consenting sexual activity, ranging from fondling to penetration

56
Q

What is stalking?

A

Crime of intimidation, occurs over a period of time, causes significant distress

57
Q

What is an example of secondary abuse?

A

The child of a battered woman

58
Q

What is a type I abuser in the psychopathology theory of abuse?

A

Antisocial and violent in many situations

59
Q

What is a type II abuser in the psychopathology theory of abuse?

A

Antisocial and abuse family members

60
Q

What is a type III abuser in the psychopathology theory of abuse?

A

Dysphoric–borderline, only within family

61
Q

What is social learning theory?

A

Men who view violence as children become violent as adults.

62
Q

What does the social theory of abuse suggest?

A

The family of an abuser accepts violence as normal, and the abuser grew up in that environment

63
Q

What is traumatic bonding?

A

Emotional attachments formed because of intermittent abuse, cycle of violence (explains why women stay in abusive relationship)

64
Q

What is dissociative personality disorder?

A

(Multiple personality disorder) Two or more distinct identities with unique personality characteristics and inability to recall important information about self

65
Q

What is alexithymia?

A

Inability to express one’s feelings

66
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

The inability to feel pleasure

Mental Health (6 decks)

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